Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University GRADUATE SCHOOL AND APPLIED RESEARCH Main Campus Sta.

Cruz, Laguna A.Y. 2010-2011 Name Course Professor Subject : : : : ROSE NANNETTE J. SAN JUAN MA Mathematics Dr. MERILYN P. JUACALLA MATH 502 Analytic Geometry

OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: Determine the equation of a line by applying the slope-intercept, point-slope, and point-point formulas Determine the equation of a line by applying the alternate form, Ax + By + C = 0, of the point slope formula Derive another formula for an equation of a line

EQUATIONS OF A STRAIGHT LINE

GENERAL EQUATION OF THE STRAIGHT LINE

Ax + By + C = 0

EQUATIONS OF PARALLEL LINES

Ax + By + C = 0 Ax + By + K = 0

EQUATIONS OF PERPENDICULAR LINES

Ax + By + C = 0 Bx - Ay + K = 0

POINT-SLOPE FORM Point-slope form is the equation of a straight line of slope m which passes through a point P1(x1,y1). It is represented by the formula: y y = m(x x ) 1 1 Example: Find the equation of the line which passes through (2, and has a slope of 5. 3) Solution: x1 = 2, y1 = and m = 5 3

y y = m(x x ) 1 1 y ( 3) = 5(x 2) y + 3 = 5x 10 5x y 13 = 0

Exercises: Write the equation of the line which passes through the point with slope m.
1. (3,1), m = 2 2. ( 2,0), m = 2/3 3. ( 6), m = 3, 1/2

LINE THROUGH TWO POINTS Line through two points is the equation of the straight line of slope m which passes through points P1(x1,y1) and P2(x2,y2). It has the formula

y y1 =

y 2 y1 (x x1 ) x 2 x1

Example: Find the equation of the line determined by the points ( 3,4) and (2, 2). Solution: x1 = y1 = 4, x2 = 2, y2 = 3, 2 y y1 = y4 = y 2 y1 (x x1 ) x 2 x1

24 [x ( 3)] 2 ( 3) 6 y4 = (x + 3) 5 6 5y 4 = (x + 3) 5 5y 20 = 6x 18
6x + 5y 2 = 0

Exercises: Find the equation of the line determined by the given points.
1. (3, ( 1), 4,5) 2. (0,2), (4, 6) 3. (3, (3,7) 2),

SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM Slope-intercept form is the equation of the straight line of slope m which passes through the y-axis at a distance b either above or below the x-axis. It has the formula
y = mx + b

Example: Write the equation of the line with slope and y intercept 4. 3 Solution: m = b = 4 3, y = mx + b y= +4 3x 3x + y 4 = 0 Exercises: Write the equation of the line determined by the slope and y intercept.
1. m = 3, b = 4 2. m = b = 5 4, 3. m = 2/3, b = 2

INTERCEPT FORM Intercept form is the equation of the straight line of slope m which passes through the x and y axes at a distance a and b respectively either above or below the axes. It has the formula
x y + =1 a b

where: a = x - intercept b = y intercept Example: Write the equation of the line whose x intercept is 3 and whose y intercept is 5. Solution: a = 3, b = 5 x y + =1 a b x y + =1 3 5 x y 15 + = 1 3 5 5x 3y = 15
5x 3y 15 = 0

Exercises: Write the equation of the line with x intercept a and y intercept b. 1. a = 2, b = 3
2. a = b = 4 3, 3. a = 4/5, b =

Reference: Analytic Geometry 4th edition, Gordon Fuller