Terence McKenna

FOOD OF THE GODS

THE SEARCH FOR THE ORIGINAL TREE OF KNOWLEDGE
A RADICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS, DRUGS, AND HUMAN EVOLUTION
Bantam Books New York 1992
6
7

8
: "
"
8

9

10
11
12
I.
13
1. : 13

13
14
,
14

15
15

16
2.
18

18
-,
19
19
20
22
22

23

24
3.
25
25
26
26
- 27

29
29
4.
31
31

32

32

33
1


33
34

35

35
5. 37
37
38

38
39
39
40
40
6. 42
42
43
? 43
45

46
- 46
48

49

49
II 50
7. - "" 50

50
- ? 51
52
52
53
53
:
54
PEGANUM HARMALA
55

55

56
56
, 56

57
8. : 58

58
-
58
59
59

60
61

61
? 62
62
63

64
9. 65
65
2


65

66
66

67
67
68

68
10. :
70
70
70

71
.
71
72

72
73
XIX 74
75
75
XX 76
III.
77
11. : , . 77

77
, 77
78

79

80
81
81
: 82
82

83

83
83

84
12. : 85

85
85

86

87

87
87

88

89
89
89
:
90
91
13. : .,
92

92
:
93

93
3


94
94

95
96
IV. , !
98
14. 98

98

99

100

100
101
- 101
102
102
103

104

105
:
105

105

106
15.
107
107
107
?
108

108

109
109
110
110
111

111

111
113

113

114

115

115
116
:
118
, ? , ? 118
119

119
125

95

1995



, - ,
, . ,
- .
, ,
,
. ,

- ,
, , .
, - , "
, " (.
34).
,
. ,
, -
. ,
"-"
.
.
,
?
- . ,
,
-
" " ,
- .
" ",
,
, , , ,
.
,
, , .
, .

,
.
60- .
,

" ", -
- - ""
- .
, ,
- , , , ,
500 , - ,
,
. ,
,
.

5

 - . " " - .
, , ,
, , ,
,
-
, . ,
,
.

, " ,
- " ".
, ,
, , , .

.
.
, - ,
, ,
, ,
.
- -, -, ..
" " ("
" . ). ,
" ", , 10
2 . ,
, ,
,
, , -
- ?
,
, - ,
" ",
. ,
, . ,
, .
, ,
.

, , , , ,
"" - - . ,
,
, ,
,
. , , ,
, " "
, ,
- , ,
"" .


, -
6

 . " ", ,

.
-
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
(drugs)*
. ,

, .
, 1994 .
,


, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
, -.
- ,
. ,
, .
.

,
. , !
,
, , , 0'

1989 1990 .
. ,
, , , ,
.
- -
, .
,
.
- -
,
. .
, .
- " "
.
.
,
, " "*.
, , -
- ,
7

 , -.
- , - ,
, .
: "
"
- .
,
, ,
. ,

,
.
.
, ,
.
, .

, ""

1. ,
, ,
2.
" ",
,
,
.

,
,
, ,
. .
, ,
,
.


- " ". ,
-
, . " - ", -
. - ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, .
,
. :
- (, ),
8

 (),
( ) ().
,

.
- -
, .
( )
.

. ,
,
3. ,
,
.
. . . -
.
,
-
. XIX "",
-
. XX ,
.
. , ,
, .

.
XIX
,
. ,
, , ,
,
. ( - , ,
, ,
).

: ,
, , .

. ,
,

, - ,

.

. " ",
, "", ,
,
,
, .
,
9

, , ,
, ,
.

* -
- ,
, ,
,
"". , 7-10
.
(),
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
. ,
: "", " ", "" , ,
, ", ?"
.
, ,
-. ,
- - ,
.
,

, , ,
-.
,
,
.
, ""
,
,
: " , ,
?", "
?", " ,
, , ?"
,
, ,
"",
.

,
,
..
, - , -
XX , ,
: ,
,
?
10

 .
,
" ". ,
.
, ,
. - ,
,
, , -?

, ,
.
,
, .

,
.
-
, ,
, .

, .
, ,
,

.

,
, ,

. ,
.
: " ", :
", ". ,
"" "".
,
, , .

-
.
-

. ,
, ,

, .
.
, ,

, ,
, .

,
11

 .
.
(
,
)

.

,
, .
, ,
, , . ,
,
,
.
,
, . , ,
""
.
, ,
. " ",
, ,
,
. -, ,
-.
-,
,
.
- ;

. - ,
"religio"*,
" - ",
.
,

, ,
. ,
, -
,

.
,
.

,
.
, ,
. ,
,
.
"" .
12

,
- , .
""
. , ""
,
,
, ,
. , - 5- 3- . . -


. '
, , ,
" " , .. .
" " "
" .
" "4.
, ""
"" ,
. ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,

, .
,


. ""

"" "". " "
" " " ",
,

.
.

,
, ,
,
- ,
. ,
""
,
. ,
,
"".
.
I.
1. :
. ,
13

 ,
. ,
,
.
- ...
...
, .

;
- .
" - ". - -
. - " . ".
, .
- , . .
.
, .
***

.
,
.

1970-
. - ,
-
. .
, . -
, -
, , .
, - ,
, - , .
, , , .
,
,
--, ,
.
- ,
,
10-50 . -
": "
- ,
.

,
. - ,
" ".
,

; , ,
, ,
- , ( ,
, )1.
14


:
,
, :
.
-,
.
.
,
, ,
. , ,
" ", .
, ,
, :
- ,
.
, - ,
, ,
" ", - .
,
.
, , ,
. ,
, ;
, , ,
2.
, "-"
,
, " "3.

,
.
, , , ,
, -
, .
, ,
, ,
.

.
,
,
.
-,
. -
, .
. , -
, , .
. , ,
- .
, , ,
.
15

 , , .
, -,
, ,
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
. ,

.
" XX , -
, - , -
, ,
.
"" "" -
"4.

- , -,
- ' ,
-. - ,
,
. ,
. ,

, .

.
- .
,
.
. ,
, , , .
,
.

.
, . , ,
. ,
, .

-, , ,
, .

,
.
, , , ,
, .
, , ,
16

 . ?
.
?
- - .
,
. , ,
, , .
, , ,
.
, :
? ? ?
, , ,
.
; ,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
, 20 , .
, , - -
,
.
- - -- (
). , ,

Banisteriopsis - 60- 5.
, ,
, , ,

.
,
. ,
. ,
,
,
.
, : ,
.

.
, ,
,
.

, -
. , -
, ,
, , .
,
- .
, ,
17

 ,
,
. , , . , ,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
- .

, . ,
, , ,
. ,
.
. , ,
.
- ,
, .
, - .
. , . "? ? ,
, !"
, . "
", - -
, " ". ,
"" . , ,
, ,
,
.
***
.
- , ,
, , .
,
-. , , ,
-
, .
,
- , .
-
, ,
, - .
", !" - ,
. .
" , ", - , .
-
. - -.
, .
.
- , .
, ,
. , .
,
. . -
18

 ,
, .
, ,
, , .
, ,
. ,
. - ,
, ,
. ,
. , . ,
! , , ? .
. -
,
-
, . -
, .

"
". "",
,
,
. , ,
. , .
- : ,
.
- -
. , ,
-, ,
. -
, , , .

" ", ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
,

.
.
. ,
.
, ,
, .
, .
,
. , ,
.
, ,
, - , ,
.
,
19

, :
" ,
". . ,
. , : ,
,
, ,
,
.
, , ,

. , , "
",
. ,
.
,
"" --. ,
,
, " ",
.
, ,
, , .
,
, .

,
.
, .

.
,
. , .
, ,
. .
, , ,
, , ,
.
2.

. .
. -
. ,
. ,
?
.
. ,
- - -
.
, ,
, .
, - .
20

" - .
, . ,
. , ".
. ,
, , ,
. :
, .
***
, ,
, -
. , - ,
- - . , , , ,
, .
, ,
, .
,
, ,
, ,
- ,
.
,

.
, -
. ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
;
.
" ". ,
-,
.
, . ,
, , .
.
-
.
, ,
.

, ,
. ,

, ,
(Asp'iHa). -
, .
, ,
. .
21


- ,
-. ( ) ,

. ,
.
, ,
, 1.

, ' -
"Materia medica", .
-,
-
, " - , ".
, ,
,
.
, - -
.
,
.

() Dioscorea.
.
,
. ( ,
). ,
Dioscorea, .
, , , ,
,
, .
- ,
. , ,
, . , "
", ,
( ) .

-. -

,
. - ,
, ,
.
,
, , .
, ,
, . , ,
.
,
,
,
.
22

 , .
, .
.

, ,
, .
. "" .
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
" - " - ,
.
.
, ,
- Amphiprion ocellaris,
.
,
, ,
. ""
,
.
,
- -
. -
,
, -, ,
.
,
, - ,
, basidiomycete.
.. .
, ,
, ,
15 .
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
;
. . ,
.
, ,
,
.
"" . ,
,
23

 .
, ,
.
""
.
.

. ,
, - .
:
,
.
, 14 Afta 23
, .
, ,
, , 2.
, ,
,
.

. , ,

.
,
.

, ,
'
. ,
, , .
( ),
, ,
.
( - )
. , ,
.
,
, , ,
"
".
.
,
, .
,
. .
- ,
, - .
. ,
,
- . -
.
, , ;
24


.
,
-, , ,
, Homo sapiens . .
-
.
? -
.
,
( - , ,
, ), , .
, ,
,
,
,
, ,
, .

,
, ,
,
, - . ,
,

.


. Homo africanus, Homo boisei Homo robusius.
Homo habilis -
,
--.
;
. ,
, , ,
,
, .
, .
- -
9- 5- . ,
.
, , ,
, - .
.

. , ,
. , ,
. , ,
, , .
, , , .
, .
Homo habilis
25

. Homo habilis 770 (27,5 )

530 (19 ) .

. 750 1,1
- - Homo erectus.
900-1100 (2-2,4 ).
, Homo erectus
.
( ) - ,
. Homo erectus,
, .
, Homo
erectus .

- , Homo sapiens
- 100
.
( ) ,
Homo sapiens .
,
. . - .
,
, ,
.

,
.
, - - ,
- , ;
- -
. ()
.
, --
.

,
,
.

3.

, , Homo erectus,
.
;
, ,
, ,
.

!
", ,
"4.

.
26


,

. "
" . , ,
, -
,

. ,
,
.
, .
, ,
.

,

. ,
, , , () -,
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
.
60- -
, ,
. ,

5.
, ,
: " ,
, , ,
, ".
-
, -
. , ,

?

, ,
- : ,
, .
.
, ,
,
, , ,
, .

27

 . ,
, , .
- - ,
: ,
, ,
, ,
, .
- ,
" "
, .
, ,
. ,

.
( ) , .
,

. , - -
, ,
.

,
. - -
, -
.
-
. - ,
. " "
, .
-
,
,
. ,

.
, , ,
, ,
.
,
.
.
,
.

, .
,
, ,
. - ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
28

 , ,
,
,
.
: ,
, , ,
?
,
,
, . , -
,

. , ,
,
.
, ,
, (
, ).
, -
. - ?
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, ,

. , , - ,
-
. ,
,
;
.
(-) ,
.

.
.
, , ,


. , ,
,
(, ).
"" .
,
" ".
.
.

- ,
29

 -
- .
,


.
,
, ,
.

, ,
, .
, ,
,
, , ,
, - ,
. , ,

6.

,
. ,
. , "
". , , ,
. .
, ,
.

, ,
- , .
, ,
. '
.
, :
,
- .
, ,

,
.
,
, ,

. ,
, - ,
-
.
,
, .

,
. , , ,
30

 , ,
. ,

,
.
3.

. :
"------". , ,
.
, ,
.
/ , .
. - , .
/: ,
, . ,
, - , . ,
. ,
.
, . ,
.
, - -
.
. .
. , . "
! ! ! !"

, , ,
- - -

, . ,
, .
:

(. . 28).
,
.
/
.
:
. ;
, .

. . .
,
:
1. -.
, . ,
,
60- ,
. - , , paradis
31

ailificiel (" ") , ,

.
-.

,
,
.
,
. ,
: " , ,
,
.
, . ,
,
"1. ,
, -,
, , .
2. , , - .
,
, , , .
. ,
, ,
,
, .
3. -. -, , -,
.
, ,
. , -

. -
, , .
-
.
4. .
- Tabernanthe
Tabernamontana. Tabernanfhe iboga - , ,

.
-. ,
.
.
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
, , ,

,
. ,
, ,
.
32


,
,
.
, , ,
, . ,
,
,
.
:
. -
: , ,
,
.
,
.

.
.
.
- ,
, , ,
.
, -
, -
, ?
,
.
,
. , , ,
, . ,
- . ,
- - ,
.
, ,
.
, - ,
,
2.

- -
- .
, - Tabernanthe iboga -
- .
XIX . , ,
,
.
, ,
.
-
, .
.
33

 ,
,
3. , ,
, -,
.
.
,
, . ,
.

, . ,
,
,
1867 .
"" -
- -.
1901 . .
.
.

, 1 , , -
.
.
, ,
. -
. ,
- , - ,
, . Tabernanthe iboga
. ""
, " " , " ".
,
.
, ,
. ,
, , .
, .
, ,
.
,
. , .
( harmala), -,
-,
.
;
, /
4.
-
, -
- , .

, , , .
34

 (
), ,
.
, , .
,
.
.
, .
(. 1), Panaeolus
Sfropharia cubensis, Psilocybe cubensis, .
Stropharia cubensis - " ",
5.
. 1 Stropharia cubesis, Psilocybe cubensis
. . . .
". " (Berkeley
Lux Natura Press, 1986) .12

.
, , ( Bos indicus,
) .
Stropharia cubensis
?
? Psilocybe
cubensis 1906 . ,
, - - .
, , --
15 . . .,
. Sfropharia cubensis --
. ,
,
.
, Stropharia cubensis
-, ,
, -
,
, .
-
.
,
.
, , ,
. , ,

,
, .
,
.
Stropharia
cubensis, , .

. ,
35

-
. ,
,
, ,
. ,
- - ,
, ,
, .


,
, -< . -
, -.
,
, , ,
. ,
,
.

, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, .
, ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
. - ,
- .
,
. -
, .
,

,
. , XIX , - "
",

. , ,
. -
.
, , ,
. .
, -,
. ,
, - ,
. ,
36

 .
- .
, , , ,

,
. , , :
, -
.

,
- -
. ,
,
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
- ,
. -

. - ,
-. - ,
. - ?
- , , .
, ,
, ,
- , - ,
, -. - ,
, .
-,
. ,
, .
,
. , , ,
. ,
.
, , ,
, , .
4.
, .
, .
,
, . -
, . :
- ,
, -
, , .
. ,
.
. ,
37

 - .
. , . " .
!" ,
. " ,
, - , : - , .
". ,
. , - ,
, -
. , , ,
-
, , .
- , .
- .
, ,
. ,
, :
- . !
, , - : ", ".
, , - .
.
. , -
, .
. , -
.
- , , ,
. .
-, - ,
,
. ,
.
***
, ,
,
.

.
,
, ,
. , ,
.
, ,
,
. , , -
,
. , ,
, - . , .
, ,
, ,
. ,

-, -
38

 ,
, -
- . XIX
,
,
. , ,
.

- .
,
,
, {- , ,
, . , , , ,
, ,

.
,
.

-,
, , , , , ,
-
: . Homo sapiens ; - ,
, : ,
. - .
, ,
,
. , ,
. -
, ,
.
, .
, , .
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
,
. , ,
, ,
.
.
- , . ,

.
, ,
, .
,
,
39

 ,
.

, ,
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
, -
.
.

- ,
. . ,

,
. , , ,
.

, ,
.

. ,
. , -
, - .
, .

, ,
. ,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
.
,
-
,
, .
, ,
, ,
, .

. ,
, , ,
.
. ,
, ,
. ,
40

 ( ),
.
, , ,

. -
, : ,

, , .
, ,

.
,
- .
.
, ,
, .
, , ,
.

1,
.
- .
- ,
- " - ".
, , ,
2.
, ,
.
. ,
. -, ,
, -
- ,
.
,
- . ,
. -
. , ( ,
) ,
.
,
.

. ,
.
.

, ,
.
,

, ,
.
41

 , .
- ,
" , ,
, ,
, , ."
,
, ' ,
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
.
, - .
,
.
, .
.
,
,
.
, . ,
" ", , ,
, . " ",
,
,
... ,
- ..,
3.
, ,
,

. , ,
,
.

, .


, . ,
, .

. .
, ,

.
,
.

.
"
"4 ,
, .
, ,
42

 , -
. , , , "",
"". ,
.
,
. ,
, , - ,
. ,
, ,
, . -
,
, "", ,
, "".
. ,
467
-
. ,
, , ,
.

.
, , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, , . ,
- ,
, ,
, .

, - "". ,

- .
,
,
. , , ,
.

-
. ,
, ,
.

, ,
.
, , , ,
. , , ,
- . -
, , .
- " " - -
.
,
43

 .
,
" ", , .

-
. , ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
, "".
""
,
.
,
.

" ".
-.
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
, -, .
- 5.

- ,
. .
, , , ,
, .
, ,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
, , ,
" " . , ,
.
, ,
,
.
.
, ,

... 15
, .
, ,
, .
6.
,
,
,
.
44

- , .
. , ,
,
.

-
,
, . -
- , .
,

.
.
,
.
. , ,

.
, , .

,
,
, , , ,
.
.

: ", 2- 6- , . , - , , -
. - , , . -, ,
" .., .
, -,
: .
- . ,
- .
, , ,
- , .

: . , ,
, - - , , .
, - ,
,
.
.
,
.
- ,
. .
,
45

 , . .
. ,

.
. -
.
- ,
.
5.

, , , .
, , , .
; - ,
. -
, . , , ,
, .
, ,
.
. ,
. .
,
.
. ,
;
,
.
, .
. .
; , .
***

, .
" -".
,

. , ,
, -
.
,
, (
- ?)
, ,
, , , ,
. ,
. , , ,
!.. ,
. ,
-? ,
. ,
, , -" ,
46

 ". - .
,
1.
,
- ,
. , , - ,
. , .
""2 - ,
.

.
,
. ""
. ,
, - ,
, .
, ;
, -, ,
. , .
, , ,
,
.
, , .
,
. , - , ,
.
, - , - :
,
, ..
- ; - ,
" " (
). "" ,
, - ".
. , ,
"" 3.
.
- ,
, ; ,
; , . -
. , . ,
, .
, .
: , - ? ,
, , - .
: (
), . ,
, . ,
, .
-, . - .
,
47

, , "".
- : es habia, .
, , - , - .
, . -
. - ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
, , 4.

, ,
, .
"" .
,
, , , .
"" - ,
, -
. ,
, :
, ;
,
. ,
, , ""5.
,
. , ,
,
,
.

, . ,
,
( ), ,
,

.
.

- ?
, , ,
?
,
,
-
.
, " " , -
, , ,
, "". ""
,
- .
,
, ""
, "".
48


.
, .
, ,
, .

, , - .
,
.
"" "" - . , ,
,
: , ,
"". , .
, -
, .
;
,
. .
, , -, .
,
, " " -, " ",

. , ,

,
.
- -
,
. ,
- "". 60-
"" ""
,

. -- - ; ,

, .
, , ,
- .


.

,
.
, ,
.
,
,
, .
, .
.
, ,
49

 "".
""
, ,
.
,
,
, , , .

, -
, ,
,
. ,
"", .
,
-
. .
.


.
,
.
,
"" ,
-
, ,
- , "
- ".

, . ,


. -
- ,
, ,
. , , ,
,
,
,
. " ",
,
.

.
- , , ,
- -.
- -

,
, -. ( ,
- , , , -
- .)
50


, ,
: - ,
, ,
, " ". - , ,

:
, , ,
. ,
. , . , ,
: " - "
, ,
"" . .
"" "". ,
"", ,
,
. , , ,
. - ,
6.
, - ,
(Tabernanthe iboga),
(
, ), . ,
, -,
, .

,
.
,
, :
,
. ,
,
, .
,
,
. ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
, --.
"" ""
,

51

.
,

, .

. ""
.
,
( ),
, .

""
,
.
,
.

.
.
, ,
.
.
^ ,
.
. ,
;
, .

.
,
, .

" , (,
), , ,
.

, - ,
; , ,
.
,
.
. , ,
, , ,
, - .
,

, . "
", : "
, ,
" .
;
. ,
52


, , ,

.
, "",
- .
, ,
, - ,
"" , ,
.
" " (pefH mort)
,
.
6.
-
. ,
, . ,
.
-
, .
, ,
.
,
- , ,
- ,
, ,
, .
- ,
,
.

. ,
- , , - , ,
.
.
-
. ,
,
, . ,
, :
, , .
, , , .


, -.
- - .
,
,
. (.
2).
53

 -
- .
. ,
(. 3).

1 (. 4). , ,
.
, , -
. - ,
, - .
. -
-- ,
.
, ,
20 7
. , ,
2. .
,
.
,
,
-.
12
.
. ,
, -,
, . -
- ,
.

, , ,
. .
,
. ,
,
.
(. 5).

. ,
, .
,
.
, ,
, ,
, ?
: ,
,
. ,
,
.
?
- 12 . . ,
54


- , ,
. , ,

, ,
.
, -
.
,
. , ,
. . ,
-, .
.
,
- " " -
.
3.6. , . ,
, ; , ;
, .
3.7. , , ,
, .
3.21. , .
3.22. : ,
; ,
, , .
3.23. ,
, .
3.24. , -
, .*
" " - ,
(. 6).
- , " ". , "
, , ".

"". , ,
, . ,
, , -
, ,

. ,
,
.

, ,
,
. ; Sfropharia cubensis, -

,
, , , .
55

 , ,
, .
, ,
,
,
. , ,
"",
, . "" ,
, ,
, ,
-,
, .
"" ,
.
, ,
.
,
- ,
. ,
, .
'
, ,
, ,
3.
,
"" ,
.
, ,
- ;
.


" ",
" ". " " - "
".
.

. 6 "" -, . 1520 . , .
.
...
. . , ,
- ,
,
, , , ,
, ,
. - .

, . ,
" - -
, - .
--, -,
, - ,
56

 " (. 7).
,
, ,
, ,
- , ,
.
: , ,
, .
- ,
.
-, --,
, , . "
, - . --
-
, -14 7100
. ., 4.
, -
,
.

.
10000
8000 . . . ,
.
,
.
( , )

5.

,
,
,
, -.
,
.
,
. .
, .
, , ,
.
, ... ,
, , .

6.
,
, ,
.

, .
-
- ,
57

 ,
-
.
- " ",
" ".
. .
VI
. . - ,
32
7000 .
. 8. -.
"-: " (San Francisco: McGrow-Hill Book Co.,
1967), . 41, . 128.
-, ,
(Bos
primigenius), - ,
- (. 8). -
.
. -
,
3-4 . ,
,
- ,
7.
. 9.
. , .
"-: ", . 46,
. 163.
, " ,
", - -, -
,
-.
-
. , ,
.
, -
,
, ,
...
,
() ( )8.
-
(. 9).
, -
,
. ,
, ,
,
"",
58

 , ,
,
, ,
, ,
-
.
, , ,
, ,
-9.
- -
.
, ,
(
)...
-
-
, , , ,
10.
- -
.
(. 10).
, .

,
-, .
58 . .,

- , 11.

, , - ?
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
- -
(), , - () .
- (. 11). ,
.
, -
VIII -
, , ,
, , -
12.
. 10.
, , .
- " *, . 106.
. 11. , . VII
-, 6150 . . .
59

 , ,

. " ", .
86, . 101.
, ,
, - ,
, . , -
.
, "
, - - "13.
: ,
.
,
, ,
,
, .
" " .
, .
" " - ,
, , ,
, .
- - , , ,
. ,
,
4500 2500 . . .
, , -- ,
.
. 2500 . .
- 14.
, ,

.

,
" ". , - -
, ,
15.
. -
,
.
, 7000
.
, -
, 16.
-
, , .
.
,
.
,
.
-
60

 -.
- ,
. , ,
;

.

. ;
; -

-

.
, ,

, . ,
- , ,
, .
] ,
-.
, -,
, .
( ,
, ) . ,
, , . "
" ,
.


. , ,
, ,
. - , -
-.

, "
", ,
: "
, , ,
?"
,
,
, ,
, ,
.
,

.
( 850 .
. .).
,

268 . . .17.
61

 - , .
12 " " , 1514 .
.

.' ,
,
.
, .
: ,
, ,
-, .
,
. - (. 12)
,
.
. ,
-
, , ,
. ,
, .
,
,
. ,

, , , - .
, .
, ,
,
18.

, ,

, .
,
. ,
,
.
" ", .
,
,
.
- , , ,
.
-
, .
,
,
,
.

. -
62

 -
. - ,
- - -
. "Anima rnundi" - ,
, - .
.
- ,
,
- - .

,
,
,
. - , .
"" "",
, .
, , - .
-
,
.
;
.
, ,
, ,
.
:
"-",

. ,
, ,

- . ,
, : .
II.
7. - ""
,
, .
,
, - XXI
, , XX
.
,
- , , ,
.
, 15-20 .
, , ,
; .
, ,
.
,
63

 , ,
, ,
, , ,
, - .
, ,
, .
, , .
, ,
. . -
, , , ,
, .


, ,
. -
- ' ,
, .
,

, , , .
, , .

- ,
.

. 6,
, .
, .
,
- .
- , - ,
. , ,
, ( )
.
, .
, .

.
- "".
"" - 120 :
. ""
, .
1 - ,
.
, , , , ,
, ; , ,
, ,
-.
, ;
- ,
- .
64

 , ,
, - ...
, - , , , ; - , ,
, 2.
"".
"" "" - -
"su" (-.) "" (.)
" ".
,
. " "
, - - .
.
:
, ,
. ,
, ; ,
, ;
;
,
. ,

, ,
. ,
; , ; ,
, .
, . ,
, - ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, - , - (),
. - ; - -
. , , ,
, , ;
- ; ,
; , , , ,
, ...
,
- 3.
- ?
,
,
, :
, " "? XIX
.
,
:
. XIX ,
" ?" " ?",
.
65

 ,
, , .

XX .
: .
. , , ,
,
, ,
.
?
. 13. , .
, 99. ( .
": ", , 1987).
,
, .
, , 6-
. .,
, . ,
, ,
-
- .
, - ,
, , ,
(. 13).
,
,

. ,
,
, .
-
, , ,

.

, , , -,
, , 575 . . .
,
.
- - ,
, .
- ;
- ,
- 4. ,
, .
() "" ( )
: - " ",
" ".
,
. "" ( ) ,
(), , , ""
66

(IX- .), , ""5.

, , .
, ,
. , , ,

. . ,
.
" ".
, , - ,
"",
... ,

; , ,
. , , :
,
6.
?
"", ""
.
.
,
. ,
. ,
, - .
"",
, , ,
. -
,
, ,
.
, , , , ,
, , ...
, , , ,
...
, , , , ,
, 7.

, ,
8.
Ephedra - , ,
, Sarcosfemma -
, Cannabis - ,
Periploca (. 14). -
, .
-
" " - Peganum
harmala, 9. ,

1794 . ,
" "
, .
,
67

 "", .
. 14. . . . ":
" (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971). . 105.
(), ,

; , ,
... , , , *,
.
,

.
. ,
, ,
, , , -
( )10.

- (,
) -
, , , ( ,
- , Amanita muscaria,
,
).
, , . ,
,
,
, , .
,
.

.
- -, ,
1957 .
, , ,

.
1971 ":
". .
, -
. ,
. ,
, , ,
.
,
""

- .
,
( ) ,
,
.
68

, - , .
muscaria
.

Amanita muscaria :
. ,

. - ,
.
" ".
- Datura, ;
Brugmansias, ;
- Sophora secundifolia; Brunfelsias;

Virola. ,
,
, . ,
,
.
, -
, , -
.
,
, ,
.
.
1965 1966 (Amanita
muscaria) . .
. , .
, . , ,
, , , , ,

, , ,
.
- () , ,
. mizo
shin - , ,
,
, ,
. ,
;
. ,
, ,
. ,
11.
, Amanita muscaria, - -
, ,
. -
, ,
12.
. (, -
,
69

, . -
,
, ).
.
. ,
.
, .
,
.
, 10 000 (
).
.
,
,
. .
-.
, . .
, . -, , ,
, -
. ,
. : , ,
. .
.
: "" , ,
- -. ,
, . ,
( - ) - , -
, . (
) .
13.
, Amanita muscaria, ,
,
.
, ""
,
Amanita muscaria.
:
, - .
"- "
" - ",
,
,
, .
, .
- .
, ,
. :
().
, : (
) .
Sirofaria cubensis, ,
. - - Strofaria cubensis
70


- ""?
,
. , ,
, ,
.
14.
- ,
, - .
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
Sfropharia cubensis ...15.
- . ,
-
, - ,
-. ,
. ,
Amanita muscaria.
,
, , - Stropharia
cubensis. " " "",
, , .
, Stropharia cubensis .
. - Stropharia cubensis,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
.
, "" "".
,
, , , .
""
" " .
, , ,
, ...
( ,
)
" ".
, ?16

"" (, ,
,
""). , ,
" " ("Les Champignons
71

Hallucinogenes du Mexique"),
, .
, , . ,
- ,
.
PEGANUM HARMALA
, , Sfropharia
cubensis , ,
.
, Stropharia cubensis -
, , ,
.
. ,
, .

. , ,
17, ,
- Peganum harmala.
- -, Peganum harmala,
, ,
Banisferiopsis caapi.
, , .
, Peganum harmala, ,
.
, Peganum harmala
.
, ,
. , Peganum harmala ,
. - ,
.

Peganum harmala, ,
, -.
, , ,
,
.

"
, . . - ; - .
: .
. ,
, .

, ,
.
, ,
, .
,
. -
, . ,
72

 ,
.
, 18.
, , ,
(. 15).
. , ,
;
, ,
XIX , ,
19.
-, ,
? .
, Stropharia cubensis
, . :
, .
, , .
, :
- ,
, .
, ,
.
, -
, ,
-,- .
, , ,
.

,
"Sfropharia cubensis", , . ,
, ,
- , , - .
, ,
, - ,
: " "" ,
- . , , ,
,
. "20.
. 15.
4- . " :
" (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1922),
. 655. - .
,
,
.
,
"", , " ",
, . ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
73

21.
, - ,
, , ,
. ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, , , -
.

,
. 1977
- Stropharia Amanifa - .
Sfr[opharia] cubensis .
1967 ,
, .
Sfr. cubensis . ,
. , , .
, ,
. .
S/r. cubensis , , .
, Sfr. cubensis . -
? Sir. cubensis ,
, , A[manifa] muscaria.
,
22 22.
, , .
,
, ,
, , .
, ,
. :

,
, ,
- .
- ,
.
. .
,
.
-
.
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
-. , ,
, .
-
, - - , ,
74

 ,
, ,
,
. - ,
, .

Amanifa muscaria
, , ""
. ,
.
,
.
-
,
(), , ,
, ,
, .

,
. .
,
, ,
, ,
(. 13).
, ,
23 (. 16).
,
, Sfropharia cubensis,
, .
. - -
, (
. 16. .
- ", " (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1982). . 223 . 225.
, ) - Amanita
muscaria.
. Stropharia cubensis
, . Amanita muscaria -
. , , ,
Stropharia cubensis
.
, ,
,
.
,
, .

,
-
, ""
75

 .
8. :
,
,
.
-
Stropharia cubensis - ,
.
, .
"- ",
,
- .
,
Stropharia cubensis (
- ),
.
, - .

Stropharia cubensis ,
:
- , , -
.
, ,
, .
, ,
- ,
.
, , ,

.
, ,

.

-
. -
. , ,
,
.
: , , - .
,
.
, , ,
.
. , ,
.
,
XX .
- -
:
.
76

 ,
, - .
,
,
- Siropharia cubensis.
,
, , , ,
. - ,
, ,
- .

"" ,
- .
-
- - - ,
-
.
V Via 6500 . ., , ,
, .
, ,
-
. -, ,
. .
6000 .
., , , ,
. ,
,
.
, , ,
, .
, .
, ,
. . XV
. . . (
, - ),
, ,
1.
- ,
.
. ,
.
. ,
, , , -
, 2.

,
. , -
.
. - ,
, -
.

77

 . ,

.

,
, ,
.
?
, ?
, ,
, "" " "?
,
. ?
, , ,
, ,
... ,
, , ,
, - -
- .
3.
- ,
- ?4
. ,
. -
,
- ?
, IV
. . ,


: ,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
, - -
, .
, ,

- . - ,
- , - .
-
. 5.
"" , ""
"" . ,
, ,
. ,
.
6.

, , ,
78

 (pithos), ,
, ( ).

: , , . * ,
, ,
, , , .
, , ,
.
,
, ,
. .
, ,
. (
!), .
, , , ,
- , , .
,
, . ,
,
, .
. ,
.
.
7.
. ,
: .-
" ", - "-".
.
, Sfropharia cubensis
, .
-
. - ,
, . ,
"". ,
- - :
" (madhu) "", - .
,
. ,
, , "8.


.
, . ,
, -, () (
)
, . ,
,
(pithoi)
.
,

. ( " "
79

 )
, , .
- - , ,
; ,
,
. ,
.
,
- :
, , -
, .
:
- " ". " ",
, .
,
, .
, , ,
.
,
, -
, .
,
,
.
, .
" "
, .
.
, .
,
" ". ""
, "" .
9.


.
, ,
.

, , , ,
,
. - , . -
, , ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
. . ,
, .
, 10.
80

 " " ,
.
;
- .
,
11. , ,
, , ,
. , ,
, .
, , ,
. , (
).
, ,
- . ,

, ^ .
, ,
- ,
? -,
, ,
- ,
, . ,
, ,
- , .
,
, 10 ,
-: , 4
. ,
, , ,
,
.

,
,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
,
.
:
, ,
. .
( ) --;
- ;
(kernoi)
- ; , ,
; anaktoron - ,
;
, ;
- ,
; :
81

 , , , " "... , 20 ,
. ,

, ,
12.
,
,
, ,
, , .
XVIII
.
, ,
. " ,
, ,
?!" - .
, , .
,
. , - ,
13.
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
, .
.
, , *
- , . , ,
: .
, , ,
, . .
"", ,
; , ,
, , ,
""
, ,
- .
14.
,
- ,
,
, .
?
,
- ,
,
.

, 1964 ,
- .
82

 " ".
, -
, , , ...
- . II . . .;
., ,
- . .
... -
- , , -, -
, , Amanifa
muscaria: ,
, phalloi, -
15.

.
,
.
,
- ,
-" , "" - .
"" ,
.
: " ",
.
, , -

, ,
. ,
,
,
.

,
""
- 1977 , ,
,
. ,
, , ,
(ergot).
, ,
. .
,
- . Claviceps purpurea , , -
, (
). ,
, "",
- ,
.
, "",
, ,
-.
, .
83

,
.

- , , ,
. ,
,
(),
.
- , ,
, , ,
16.
. ,
415 . . .,
,
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
. 1900
,
. ,
- . ,
- , "
"17.
, " , ", ,
, - .
()
, - .
,
. :
,
, . . 994
. .
40 000 . 1129
1200 .
, 1789 -
, , -
,
. ,
,
.18 .
:
.
, ,
.
, .
,
, - .
19.
,
84

 - . ,
, .
, ,
.
- ,
,
?
- . Claviceps paspali,
, , ,
, ""
( )
. ,
" ",

.

,
, ,
, .
, --, Stropharia cubensis -
, -
, .
,
-, : " ,
;
", - .
,
, 10 000 ,
, .

. , " "
.
,
, , .


- , "" ,
, .
, ,
"",
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
- , .
9.
,
- - ,
. ,
85

 , . ,
.
, .
. ,
, - , -
,

,
: .

- - , ,
,
, -
. ,
, .

, .
, ,
, -
.
, ,
.
, , ,
,
. ,
Homo sapiens
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, , , - , 1.

. ,
, ,
.

,
, - .
.
; ,
, ,
.
- , ,
. ,
, . , , ,
, .

.
, -,
(. 9).
, ,
86

 , ,
( ) . ,
, ,
.

,
(. 17). , , 2,
, , , ,
, " ". ,
- , .
, : " ,
" ",
: ,
" "3.
. 17. . ,
- . .
" ", . 146, . 145.
,
"-" -
, .

, -
.

.

, ,
.
. ,
,
.
, "", ,
,
,
4.
,
,
(),
, ,
. ,
, , ,
.
.
14%, ,
, .

, .
,
, , .
, , .
(resin) ""
87

, , , ,
.
- ,


. ,
- .
( ,
, , ).
,
, "" "".


,

,
, .
.
.
,
,

.
,
. - ,
, ,
-
. , -
, . ,
,
. - , ,
, . , , ,
,
.

, .
, .
?
, ,
. - , ,
.
,
.
, , ,
. , ,
. ,
" " ,

, ,
5.
,
, ,
88

 - , ,
,
,
"" . (
""
"" *)
-
IV . . . .
, " ,
; , ,
9 "6.
, ,
,



, ,
.
- "aqua vim" - .
-, aqua vini,
7. ,
,
20 ,
(. 18). ,
,
, , .
. " , -
". " , - , -
"8.
,
, , ,
. ,

. ,

, .
. 18. ,
"Mutus Liber" (" ").
.

, , ,
"" -
,
.
- ,
.
. -
, .

magma mater, ,
,
, .
89


. , "" ,
, ,
, .
- , ,
.
, ,
, ;
, ,
, .
, , -
, - ,
, .
- , ,
.


. , ,
,
XVIII XIX .
.
, , ,
,
. ,
, - ,
. ,
-, , ,

. -
,
-, .

, , .
" ";
i
, .
?
- "" , ,
? , - (
.
, "" ,
.
,
. , , ,
,
,
, ,
-
.
. ,
- .
,
90

 ,
, ' . -
""
. ,
,
, .
, ,
. - .


.
. ,
9.
, .
. ,
. , ,
, ,
.
,
, -
,
. ,
, ""
.

^ , ,
- .
-
;
,
.
. -
, , ,
. ,
, ,
,
? , ,
,
,
,
?

, ,

.
! ,
.

, .
, ,
' ?

91

 .
, , ,
,
.
,
, .
" " , ;
, ,
. , ,
, , -
.
- -
- "
" . ,
, .
, ,
, , . ,
,
,
,
.
10. :
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
, * ,
. .
, ,

,
. - ,
685 . .;
- cannabis.
- , ; - , . ,
- ; - , , .

. 1940 , ,
, muggles, moofer,
reefer, greefa, griffo, Mary Warner ( ), Mary Weaver
(-), Mary Jane, Indian hay ( ), loco weed (
), love weed ( ), joy smoke ( ), giggle
smoke ( ), bambalacha, mohasky, mu, moocah.

1.
92


, ,
.
-
- .
,
.
:
. ,
-
. , "
- - ,
,
. ,
.
,
, , -
, , ,
. ,
, , ,
.
, , , 15 000 .,
., .
, -
.
chelum - , (
) , .
chelum , , , ,
.

- ,
700 . ., - ,
.
- .
, [],
, ;
:
, ... ,
, [],
; , ,
, .
, , 2.
, .
[] , , ,
, .
, , ,
. , -
, 3.
, ,

, , ,
93

- , chelum! -
, ,
,
.

, -
XXVIII . . .,
. 220 . .
: "
, ,
"4.

, . ,
-,
.
1000 . .,
,
,
.
, .
. ., .
, ,
. ,
^, -
. . , XIX ,
, .

, ,
. ,
, ,
5.
.
-
,
?
, -
- , . -
,
.
,
. -
.

"" .
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
. 60-
- ,
"" .
94


, ""
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
.
, ,
"", .
,
, ,
,
.


,
.
, -
.

. - ,
.
, ,
,
,
. -
, ,
"" , .
, ,
.
, - ,
,
, ,
"".

.
.
,
.
, -
.

- 60-
? , "-" () -,
,
,


(23-79 . . .)
,
95

fhalassaegle, potamaugis, .
,
. thaengelis, , - ,
, .
. gelotophyllis - ,
.
, 6.
(I . .)
,
.
, ,
.
,
"" ,
. 950 . .
,
.

,
.
,
"" - ,
, - , :
, - " ,
- , , ,
: " , , ;
, , , ,
- ". ,
""7.
, ""
.

- :
-
. -
, - .
, , ,
,
. , , , -
, , .
- , .
-,
.
- -
,
, ? , .

.
,
-
.
96

"", ,
.
- - ,

, .
- . ,

,
,
" ". -- -
, .
, , , ,
" " - ,
. ,
, .
, "" (hashishin) "" (assassin)
. ,
,
, .


.

.
,
.
175
, , ,
.
" " ("Description d'Egypte") 24-
(1809-1813 .).

.

,
. ,
/ -
- ,
.

XIX .
, ,
-.
.
,

.
40- ,
, , -, ,
, ,
" -".
97

 "."
- . .-.
-
dawamesc.
, .
1848
,
.
1842 .-. 0' ,
" " - -
.
, , .

.
, .

;
. ,
,
.
,
, -
1290 .
,
XVI ,
, ,
, 0'
- 1840 .
1845 .-. "
" ("Du Hachich et de I'Alienaiion Menfale").
,
.
,
.
XIX .
XIX
,
. ,
, .
" ",
.
,
. -
-
; -
, . XIX , , -,
, .
,

. ,
,
" " 1854 .
98

 -
- . ; ,
, , , ,
, . [...] (
, ) .
, .
, , ,
, .
, ,
. ,
,
.
,
, , , .
,
,
. , , ,
, .
!
, .
, ,
,
.
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
, . ,
, , , ,
. ,
, ,
, . - ,
- ,
. , , ,
. ,
;
.
, ,
. , ,
8.
,
" " ;
. ,

, "",
.
,
.
, ,
99

. , ,
, , , ,
, .

"" XIX
.
, " "
"".
-, ,
. ""
,
- .
.

; (,
, "") .
"", , ,
.
,
,
, ,
- .
""
- . ,
,
( , ),
- "".

;
- ,
. ,
, . ,
- , ,
. ,
"" ,
"-", ,
,
,
, .


.
XIX -
,
. . , 1855 ,

.
, .
., , -
, , , , ,
, , ,
. ;
100

 ,
- , 9.

, --.
,
" ", , ,
. , , -
.-. , -
. , ,
.
?
,
. , ,
,
,
, : "!"
,
.
, ,
,
, -:
,
, , .
,
,
...
, , , ,
(
) ,
10.
XX
.
.
30- , ,
. .
, -,
,

, , .
" ".
""
.
,
- .
:
" , ".
, ,

.
,
" ". ,
,
101

, , .
, , ,
. "",
,
,
.

,
,
. ,
"" ,
, " "
. , . Tie
,
. - , - .
III.
11. : , .
-, ,
-
. ( )
.
, ,
, .
, .

.
,
,
, .
, ,
,
,
. ,
,
, .

- , ;
, .
. ,
, ,
, ,
, - .
, .
,
, , ;
, , , ,
, .
,
( ,
. ,
.
102

 ,
,
? ,
. ,

, , ,

,
,
.
" ", - .

: " ".
- - .
,
. , ,
, -

. , ,
.
,
- .
, , , ,
.
, ,
-, .
- , -
- -
? ,
,
, .
( ) , ,
. ,
.
,
, ,
,
.
"" , , -
- , ,
.
.
.
,
,
.

.
,

, , -
. , ,
103

 , ,
, , . ,
, ,

. " "
,

. ,
, , . , ,
-
, !


. , , ,
, ,
,
.
,
"" -
: ,
.
,

,
, -
, , . , , ,
, , , ,
, ,
- . -
, ,
.
- , - ,
,
. ;
; ,
.
,
-
- .


, ,
.
, , ,
, .
, ,


, .

.
104

, ,

, , ,
, - ,
.
.
,
. ,
.
-
"", ,
, ,

.

. XVI
. -
? ,
XVIII
.
,
, ,
, . .
.
, .
, ,
, . XIX
I
.
, , ,
.
. (Saccharum officinarum), ,
.
' (531-578 . . .),
-,
.
( ) - (.
"shakar" "shakkar", . "sarkara"), "",
, " ",
.
, ,
527 .
300 . . .,
-, .
-
,
1.
1319 , 1390
. ,
:
- ,
, .
105

 ,
, , ,
.


.
1550 , ,
,
, .

,
XVI - 1650 2.


? . - ,
.
.
,
, " ".
,
, ,
. , ,
.
! ,
,
. ,
. -
, .

, .

, - ,
.
;

. -
, .
.
, .
, , ,
,
, - . -
, , ,
, .
, ,
; ,
,
; , ,
, .
3.

,
106

 -, - ,
XVII-XVIII . - ,
,
. , ,
,
. :
, ,
,
, .
, .

; , ,
.
:
,
,
.
, - , . ,

, , , . ,
, .
,
.
. :
, ,
. , ,
, . ,
.
1432 ,
, ,
.

60 ,
, ,
, .
- "" ,
.
" "
. 1443
.
, --
, , .
, , ,

. -
,
4.
,
.
"" - .
'
107

 ( ).
.
-, , -,
5.
.

- ,
. ,
.
,
.
,
;
,
. ,
- , .
, .

. 1800 , ,
. , "",
, .
- ,
, ,
,
.

,

t ,
"",
, ,

, ,
.


, ,

,
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
- , "",
. (
"", - )
XX ,
" ".
, - ,
, ,
108

.
,
? , , ,
.
,
, ,
""
,
, - .
,
, ,
.
,
.

" "
,
.
,
,

,
6.
,
. " " ,
, , ,
, ,
, , .
- ;

,
.
.
- , ,
. - ,
.
, , Ilex paraguayensis - -
Paullinia yoco - ,
, .
, ,
,
,
.
,
, , , .
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
:
109

 , , ,
1650 .
.
- , ,
, ;
.
, ,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, .
1820 (
30 ,
). XVIII XIX
.
,
. , "
,
,
5% ,
, ,
"7.
;
1453 .
,

,
. 1498 .

, ,
,
.
- ,
. ,
-
-, .
- ,
, 1600 .
1834 , -

< .
- , ,
, 100
375 ,
.
- 17
800 1800 . -
, ,
, 8.

XVIII ,
110

 ,
,
.
,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
,
. 16 1773

, . , ,
. "" - -, ,
. ,

.
XIX
.
. , ,
:
, ,
. .

, ,
, -,
, .
, .
, ,
, , ,


. ,
,
500 , . ,
.
. , ,
, XVI
. XVIII ,
.
, ,

. - ,
.
, ,
- ,
, , ,
. (1803 .),
(1873 .) XX .
, ,
, . ,
,
,
, . ,
111

 , " ".
,

.
,
: - - .
, ,
, ,
.

XI , 1037
( ),
,
- , .
, -
. ,
()
. ,
, - ,
Coffea arabica.
,
, ;
. ,
,
. 1100
, XIII
.
- - -
,
. -
: ,
, .
- ,
,
. ,
, , ,
, .

, .
,
.
. ,
, , "
, ,
.
,
" "
"9.

, 1511 .
112

 ,
10 ,
, . ,
, . 1777
"
" - .
, ,
.
, - ,
.
,
. , .
, ",
Chiawae", "
". , .
, ,
, ,
. ,
II, : "
-, ,
, ... ,
, .
-, , "10.
- ,
-: "-", ,
,
. 1570- . , -,
"". 1643
, 30 250 . ,
,
2000 . - - ,
- .

-
, . ,
Theobroma cacao,
,
. , , ,
. , - ,
11.

.

. .
, :
.

- II 1502 12.
,
,
, - . ,
- ,
113

. V: "
2000 ;
" .
,
. , ,
,
. 1606
,
. II,
ft-
-, ,
.
, ( )
- , , -
,
, -

. ", , ".
12. :

, .
,
,
.
. . ,
, ,
,
,
, ,
-
, , .
, , ,
. ,
, , ,
-
. ,
: ,
.
, , .
,
,

-.

?
, ,
,
, , , ,
,
, ,
.
114

 - , ,
, .
,
, -
- ,
,
. " ... ,
.
, "1.

, ,
.
.
,
- , ,
"" .

- ,
.
, , .
. ,
, -

.
!
,
, . XIX
.
.
,
( , ),
,
( " ").


-
, ,
.

? - .
,
, . -
- , "
", , ,
,
. , ,
. , 1805 ,
-

"", ,
,
, .
115


- ,
.
, ,
, , , -
. - . ,
, ,
, - .
(Papaver somniferum)
.
- -
1600 . .
- ,
,
, . - -
,
. , ,
, -,
.
, ,


. ,
, ;
.,
. , -
, , .
, (. . 19).

, ,
,
- , .
(VII, 157).
,
2.
" "
, ,
,
(. 20). ,

. -
.
; - ,
- . ,
. 19. , .
.
, ,
.

, .
;
116

 " ".
, , 300 . .,
I . .,
. , -
, - .
, .
VII . , ,
. 20. , .
" " (New York: Pantheon. 1955), . 263.
, , 3.
-
III . ., ,
- 2000 . ,
, , ,
,
XVII . 1613 ,
" , ,
, ". ",
, ", 4.
,
. , ,
.
; ,
, , ,

5. " " -, 1612 ,
"" (osoror) ,
.

, ,
. XVI ,
, .
, ,
, , ,- ,
, ,
. , , ,
: " , ""
"6.
, ,
, ,
,
. -,
-, " ", "",
.

"" ""
,
.
. 1492 ,
,
.
117

 , , ,
, . ,
, - ,
, , .
, .
"", ,
. ,
- "" ,
.
, , ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, 7.
- ,
,

,
, .
.
,
.
.
, .
- --*. , ,
, -
, - ,
().


. ,
,
-
, .
,
800- ,
. Nicotiana rustica,

. , -
Nicotiana tabacum.
.
, . , ,
, -
, ,
.

.
.
,
118

 .
- -
.
-, , , -
, - .

, ,


8.

,
.

.
.
, , ,
. ,
, .
, 600- 800 . .,
, , , .
.-.
,
- , .
, ,
, , , balche . Balche - ,
. , ,
- . ,

9.

, ,

. , ,
" -",
. ""
, , 1661
,
.
,
. ,
. .
( ) .
10.
, XVIII
"
".

,
.
,
119

 "",
. , , , - ,
- .
:
-.
,
, . ,

. , ,
, 1579
11.
, ,
, .
,
. 1560
,
. ,
" Medicea", "Herba Catherinea".
Nicofiana rustica . Nicotiana tabacum
,
, .

. VII
, . 1650
.
.
it I,
I? " " 1604 .
, ( ) ,
-?
, :, ...
, , ,
, , , ?
?..
, 12.
"",
" ",
. ,
7000
! .


(1618-1648).
,
.
, -
. ,
.
:

120

 - Nicofiana tabacum,
.
.
, ,
, .
.

"",
.
- ,
- , , -
.
,
1960- (
), .
, , ,
,
. ""
,
. (, , :
-

).


(1628-1644)
. .
. 1793
, .
1729 .
, , 1830
25 000 .
, ,
,
(1838-1842).
-
,
. -
, , ,
1834 , .
.
13.
,
,
. 1838
,
.
, .
,
. ;
, , ,
14.
121

 , 1840
. ,
. :
. 1840 ,
.
, ,
6
300 .
, , .
15.
.
. -
.

XX .
:
,
, . ,
XIX , ,

.
:
XIX
, - -
. -
-

, -, - ,
.
.
1960- ,
, . ,
.
, .
, , " " "
- " , "Zeitgeist" ( .) .
" " -
, .
.
, " " , -
, , ,
""
. (
- ) ,
, , , , ,
-
. ,
. 21. "" , 1893 .
.

122

, , , - -.
, , ,
, , ,
, . ,
, - .
, , ,
, .
, ;
, ; - ,
, .

16.
;
,
""
,
. ; ,
, ,
( -
" ", ).
,
. .
, ""
, .
-
, , -
,
( ), .

,
17.

,
.-. , ,
,
- .
, , , ,
.
.
;
XIX - , ,
, . ,
,
, .


.
,
.
1853 ,
123


, , ,
, (. 21).
XIX
,
. ( )
, , .
, ,
.
, - .
,
.
.
13. : .,
1805
. .
, - .

.
.
, ,
.
.
-
XIX . ,
,
. 1853
. ,
. ,
-.
,
, - .
1890
,
.
,
" ".


,
" ",
.
, .
, ,
,
.
XX .
,
. ,
124

 10 , ,
.
.
- .
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
-
.
, .
"", " ".
* - "",
, -.
, , , . ,
- . , ,
. ,
, .
- ... .
.
... ,
. .
.
"":
. - .
- , .
,
. , :
" ?" , . , ,
, , ,
.
,
- . - ,
-. - 1.
:
, - ,
.

,
- .
, ,
: "rCoca no es un /, es //" ("
, - "). .


2. - ,
. , ,
.
,
, . .
125


,
.
,
.
, -
. . -
.
. , , -
.
,
- , -
. ,
, ,
" " . (. 22).
1859 .
,
. , ,
, ,
. -,
, .
,
. ,
,

. ,
; , ,
, 3.
, ,
, , .

-
. ;
1885
.
.
,
" "
, . ,

.
. 22. ,
. . . " -
* (San Francisco: And/Or Press, 1974).
.


. 1888
" ",
126

 : " ,
.
, -
"4.
, , ,
. ,
, . . 1888
"" (. 23),
,
.
,
- . ,
,
, .
, - ,
" ". , XIII, ,

12 ,
5.
. 23. " ".
- .

,
, , ,
, . 1906
,
, ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, . , ?
, ?
? , -
,
, ?
, . ,

XX , ,
.
, XX
, ,
.

- . ,
XVIII
XIX , - .

, (.
24).
. 24. * * .
.
127


.

.
, ,
. , ,


. ,
,
, , "
".



, ,,
.
,
- , .
,

.

. "".
,
, ,
,
,
. ,
.
, , , ,
"" , ,
, .
,
, .
1914 1939
,, ,
, - ,
.
,
.

.


.
, ,
,
. , 60- , ,

No. 4 - "-"6.

128



, -
- .
( )
, ,
, .

, , "Opus Dei"
.
,
, .
( )
( - )
( ) " "
. 7.

. 70-
.

- . ,

.
' ,
- .
, , ,
. ,
-,
, . ,
- , - .
80- ,
.
"-",
, .
, , , ,
?
. , ,
-. "" -
.
- , ,
, .
? ,

.
,
,
,
, ,
. , ,
- ,
.
- , ,
129

 , .

" " .
,
8.
,
. ,
"". "
" - ,
.
, -
, -
-ICCTB .
. -, ,

.

,
, , , . ,
"" ; , ; -
, - ,
. , ,
, , ,
- "". ,
. ,
,
, .
,

. , -
, "",
. ,
, ,
, ...
, .

.
.
, - " "
. , ,
, 9.

, -
, ,
, .
, ,
, , ,
, .
?
, , 6
, ,
. , , ,
130

 - .
.

.

.

. ,
,
10.
,
. ,
;
, .
.
, 1806 ,

, .
, , ,
,
.
. , ,
.
. ,

, ,
.
, ,
,
,
. , ,
.
60-,
. "!" _
- .
- - ,
.
11.
" " ( ). ,
, , , ,
, "
".
IV. , !
14.

, . IV
- () ,
. , ,
. , , -
.
131

 . ,

.
- ,
-
( , ).
XX
.
, ,
.
,
, ,

. - ,
- ,
.

.
"hagazussa", , hag , , .
, . ,
. , ,
,
, ,
1.
, ,
,
.


.
- .
-
, .
, ?
.
, .
Psilocybe, ,
, ,
, -
. ()
. ,
(), -- ,
, ,
.

.
,
-.
, ,
" ", ,
XVIII . ,
132

 , .
XIX -
.
1850
. - ,
- . ,
-
, Banisferia caapi. ,
,
(. 25).
. 25. Banisteriopsis caapi, . . .
. . " " (Springfield, MA:
Charles Thomas, 1972), . 27, . 104.

.
,

- .2
"" - ,
" " " ".
,
- .
- . -, ,
Banisteriopsis caapi, . - ,
, ,
, .
()
. , ,
,
.

, 3.
, , , ,
- ,
50- .
,

.
- .

, .
,
,
,
.
-
Banisteriopsis - ,
. ,
,
, ,
"" .
133

, ,
.
.

- "la purga" - .
.
.
, ,
4.

, ,
, " "
, .
, , ,
(. 26). , -
,
. ,
.
.
. 26. . .
.

.
,

. - ,

, - .

;
, .

,
.

, , .
, ,
- ,

. ,
, ,
.
.


.
XIX ,
.
1887
- - ,
, "-"
. , ,
134

, .
, 1897
, - .
, , ,
, . ,
. ... ,
...
,
...
... -
, -.

.
,
,
. , ,

-, ,
, - 5.

1897 , , ,
. - -
, Lophophora williamsH.
.
, , ^
, .
,
, .
;
, ;
. ,
,
, ,
. -
,
- , ,
...
- , .. ... ,
,
,
. , , ,
6.

" ", , .
,
, ,
. - ,
, ,
- .
.
. , , .
135

 .
, , , ,
- .

. ;
,
, . ,
, .
, -
, - .
, .
, ,
. . ,
, 7.
1927 " " "-
", , .
,
.

", ".
,
,
. ,

.
. (
) - , - .
, .
. ( 1 .)
. ,
. ,
: .
, 8.


. .
- ,
Banisteriopsis caapi,
, 80 .
, " - ,
"
. 1929 .
: -
,

. 1929 . . -
Banisteriopsis caapi . ,
1957 , ,
, Peganum harmala,
.
30- -
, . .
136

 ,
-, .
.
, .
, -
, .

, . 1919 )
^
,
9. 1937
)
,
, Ipomoea violacea,
, .
- , ,
, - -,
, .

,
, -
.
-
,
, .

, - .
,
.
-, .
, ,
. -
,
- - .

.
. 30-
; ,
,
. ,
,

. , 1939 ,
" , "10.
,



,
. 1938 , ,

"" .
137

 ( ) .
, ,
d-- - -25. ,
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
1894
", " .
,
" "11,
.

. )
, 16 1943 ,
, ,
,
.

,
.
- ,
. (
)
,
. - 12.

1947
,
. 50- , .
1954 " " -
-,
, .
, , ,
, .
, . ,
,
"" .
. , , -
,
. , , , , ,

, "-".
, 13.
1956 .
.
, - ,
10 . .
.
138

 -
, : , , ,
, .
, , ,
- .
, ;
, , 14.
, 1957 ,
"",
. ,
, ,
, , .
-
. , ,
"-" ,
, .
,
.
, .
,

, 1958
.
- 1947 1960 -
, - .
,
.

60- ,
,
, .

: ,
.
.
, ;
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
- .
50 , 5/100 000
. ,
, . , 10
100 .
,
.
, , ;
. ,
.
139

 .
.
:
- .
- . , ,
. ,
, -
.
, ,
. ,
, , :
. - ,
" " "
" ". ,
, , XIX ,
-
, -
.
.
60-,
, ,
, .
, - ,
? ,
. " ,
1971 . - - , ,
, , ".

"-",
,
.
, , 60-
, - , , , -- (), , , ,
, , ""* -
, ,
. ,

, ,
, -25. -
-. , 50-,
, ...
,

1516.
,
1973 . ,
, ,
.
, - ,
, - " ".
,
140

 , ,
: ",
"17.
,
, .
,
, . ,
,

. -
,

.

. -
-, , ,
-
. , ,
- , .
; 70-80-
60- -
. 70-
: - ,
.
60-
- , .
,
, , ,
,
. , ,
, -
.
, ,
,
.

, 45% , ,
18.
, .
, ,
,
.
, ,
, 19.

- .

--
- , ,
.
;
,
141

 ;
.
, ,

.

: "
". ,
, ,

.

. , -,
, ,
.

, . 1954
, ( ),

.

,
.
- , ,
-
, .

,
,
.

, .
- , -
- - .
; ,
,
" ".
;
-. ,
,
- .
[] , .
... ,
, .
, , .

.
, 20
20.
:
,
1966 , ,
142

 . 70-
,
, 1975
- .
;
.-. .-. ";
".
100 000 .
-. , -,
- ,
,
, .
.
, ,
,
,
.
.

,
.
,
, .
, . ,
. , ,
- , .
,
, ,
, ,
,
.

,
, , ,
?
,
, .
" - , -
, - - ". "
, ", .
,
. , , ,
70-, 80- ,
"". , ,
21,
, -
.
,
. 80-
-,

143

 .

, .
,
, .
,
: ,
, ,
- , "".

,
, ,
. .
.
, - ,
.
" "" !".
. ,
,
. -
, ,
. ,
, ,
; - .
,
, ,
.

--
.

.
, , ,
.
.
, , .
15.
, ,
"" .

,
.

, , ,
, - ,
.
Stropharia cubensis,
,
.
-
- Ipomoea purpura ( Rivea) corymbosa.
144

, ,
, -
, , ,
.

- ,
1.
, ,
, ,
. - ,
.
-
-.
--. -,
, ,
-
, ,
.
,
, , ,
. -
. ,
.
, ,
- ,
, -
. ,
, ,
.

.
.
, ;
, ,
-. ,
, , ,
.
, -
, ,
, .
, ,
,
, , ,
, -.

, , ,
, ,
. ,
, .
, ,
5-, . ,
, - ,
145

 ,
15 .
, ,

.
, .
" ".
,
, .
. ,
. ,
, , -
, - ?
: , .
.
, ,
. "" "" - ,
- 60- ,
2. ,
, . - ,
, - ,
. ,
.
- ,
. -
. - (
), .
, - ,
" ",
- .
, ,
.
- ,
" ".
,
?
,
"" .
, " ". ,
, . ,
, .
.
?
?
, ?

, . - ,
. "
" ,
.
.

146

 - ;
, - , -
. ,
. ,
, ,
, -
.
-, ;
, .
,
, ,
, ,
. , .

-
. , ,
,
, -
,
.

, ,
, , . . ,
.
- . ,
- , ,
.
, ,
. XVI ,
.
, ,

. ,
.
, ,

, .
. ,
- ,
, ,
, , -
.

,
. , ,
.
, , ,
.
,

. - , , ;
, .
147

. -, ,
, -
, .
, ,
.
.

. , .
-.
, -, -. ,
.
. ,
-. .
, , , -
, , .
, , , ,
3.
, - , ,
, - .
, -
, -, , , .
.
,
, , , ,
,
. , ,
, "", ,

. "" ,
"",
, , . .
, ,

4.

-
, .
, ,
, , , ,
""
, , .

.
, ,
- "/",
, ,
-
. ,
,
. ,
, .
"".
148

 , ,
,
. ,
. -
-, "",
,
.
,
.
,
,
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
,
- ,
.
,
,
.

"-"
- ;
" -". -, .
.
, -iee? -,
- ,
, -1 ,
, -. :
. ? , ,
- ? ?
?
,
"". - , -,
. ,
, -.
. ,
-. , .
8 , - -,
, -
"
. - , -,
, . - -1
.
- , -,
- : - ,
- .
"-( " ,
- . -,
, :
. , ,
, ,
149

 , .
,
. ;
;
.

- , , ,
. ,
, -
. .
,
,
, .

,
. - "
" . -
,
, . ,
, . ,
,
.
,
.
, -
. ,
-
.
- , ,
.
: . ,
, .
. ,
, .
, ,
-
,
, .
.
,
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
, -,
,
. , ,
, .

, -
" ", ,
, ,
150


.
. , , ,
, ,
.

. ,
,

.
- - ,
.
, ,
, ^ ? "",

, -
. , , ,
, - .
-

. ,
. ,
, ,
,
, ,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
,
.

, ,
. ,

, .
, ,

.

,
, ,
.
" ",
, ,
. , ,
,
, .
-
"-" ,
. ,
,
151


,
.

.
-
? - ?
-
, ? ,
?

, , , :
. ,
, ,
- . ""
. , , ,

. , ,
. ? ?
, , -
, ,
.

. , , ,
. -.
, , , ,

.
, , ,
. - - ,
-. , ,
? ,
, ? . ,
- ? ,
, ? , ,
. , ,
. , , ,
, ,
. :
,
, , , ,
, .
. , -
, ,
.
- , ;
,
. - - . ,
, - .
- , , ,
.
152

 -
- , , .
, ,

-. ,

, - .
: ,
.

. ,
,
, , ,
- .
, ,
Siropharia cubensis, ,
- ,
,
. ,
, , .
, , -,
- , ,
.
.
, , ,
. , .
,
.
" ",
. .
, , - .

- . Virola,
,
Anadenanthera peregrina.
- .
. ,
, ,
(. 27).
, ,
, , .
. 27. . .-. .,- " (London:
Synergetic Press, 1988), . 195.

, : " ?"
, No 1. No I -
- .
.
- ,
. 60-
, ,
153

 ,
.
" ",
, -
.
-,
.
.
?
,
, .
-
- - . -
, .
.

,
, -
.

,

. ,
,
-
. , - "
", ,
, - , ,
.
.
, . ,
, ,
" " , ,
,
"".
, . ,
, , , -
, , . ? .
: .
XX
, . ,
,
, , , .
,

. ,

, .


.
154

 ,
5.
-,
. ,
- "". , ,
" ",
.
.
.

. - ,
, , , .
, - ,
. ,

- .
. , -
. , ,
, .

, ,
.
, - , -
.
. ? ,
?

, . ,
, . , , ,
,
. ,
,
, .
.
, ,
. ,
, .
. ,

. - ;
,
,
, . ,
, ,
.
; - .
.
, , .
, , ,
.
. ,
155

 . ,
,
, ?

, .
, - - , . ,
; - , .

, .
, , ,
. , ,
- " ".

" ", ;
, , .
,
, ,
- .
. ,
, .
- -
-, . .
. .

, ,
, .
,
. -
. - -
, . , ,
, ,
.

, .
,
,
. , - ,
, .
, ,

, .
,
, .

.
,
, .

,
. ,
, ,
156


, -
.

-, .
,
.
- ,
, , ,
. -
.

,
, ,
- .
.
, ,

,
,
.
,

, ,
. ,
, -
, ,
, ,
"-"
.
, ,

-. .
. ,
,


, . ""
, ,

,
.

,
XVIII
-.

:
.
,
-
. " "
157


, .

,
;
,
, .
- , . ,
,
, -
,
6.
, , ,

. , - ,

.
- .
, ,
, .
,
, ,
,
. ,
- 60-
, (" " - ) -.
, ,
- )- ,
, . , ,
,
. ,
,
.
.

,
, ,
.
, - . ,
,
.

.
- ,
" ".

90- . ,
.
.
, , , . "
"
.
158

, ,
,
. ,
, "
". ,
.


,
, .
, , .
,
, ,
.
1. 200%- .
.
.

; .
,
.
2. 200%-
.
"" ()
-.
3.
, .
, -
, .
4. ,
.

.
5. ,
.
6.
.
7. .

"" .
8.
,
, .
9.
, .
, 200%,
,
- .
, ,
.
10.
,
159

 .
, ,
,
.
, ",
". ,
,
- , , . ,
, ,
, . ,
-.
.
:
,
. ,
,
- ,
.
.
,
- ,
:
, , .
,

.
-

.
,
.
, ? , ?
,
, .
. .

,
. ;
- ; -
, .
? ,
,
, , , ,
. , , - . ,
, ? ,
"", .
,
.
160

 , -.
,
,
-
, -
. ,

, .
. , , ,
. , ,
, . ,
, ,
elixir vHae (" ").
, ,
homo maniacus homo sapiens.
, 1.

- ,
- ,
.
,

. , ,
.
,

-.

,
,
.
, .
- ,

.
.
- , .
:
. - , ,
,
. -
;
, , - .


,
XX . ,
, ,
,
. . ,
, - , , ,
-; , ,
161

 .
,
.
- ,
, - , ,
. - ,
. ,
. - , .
, , ,
, . -
"" , ,
,
, .

.
- , - , , ,
. ,
, - , ,
. :
,
,
, - .
.
, ,
. , , , ,
, .
,
. ,
.
:
, . ,
, , ,
.
. - , ,
, ,
, , -
,
. , ,
, ,
, ,
, . .

. .
. ,
, , , -
.
(Amanifa muscaria). -
. ,
.
.
162

, .
. , --,
-
XX , , ,
.
/. ,
" " " ".
,
- Malpighaecaeous (Banisteriopsiscoapi).
,
. ,
, - .
-. Banisteriopsis caapl
. . ,
.
Tabernanthe
iboga.
-. . - , , ,
6--.
. ,
, " ",
-
, , .
. , , ,
.
- .
, .
. - ,

"" "",
.
.
,
.
. , , , -
(. . 28). .
, , . .
" , ". ,
-
.
. -,
,
. ,
, - VII . . .
"-", .
. , . ,

.
. 9000 . . .

.
163

. -
.
. , ,
,
, , .
, .
. ,
.
(Peganum harmala). ,
,
. - .
. - ,
Stropharia cubensis . .
- .

.
. ,
700 . . .
.
. ,
,
- . ,
.
. ,
- () ,
.
(Stropharia cubensis). Psylocybe cubensis,
" ",
. (Tabernanthe iboga).
, ,
- ,
. .: .
-, .
. ; , ,
,
.
. - ,
-
. . , ,
. .
,
.
. .
(Heiroi gamos).
,
-.
. - "
" " ".
.
. ,
. .
164

 , "
".
.
. , . .
(),
, , ,
. -
,
.
. , . .
. . ,
,
"". ,
. .
, . , ,
, , .
. ,
. .
, -. .
.
.

ADAMSON, Sophia. (1985) Through the Gateway of the Heart. San Francisco:
Four Trees Press. ALLEGRO, John M. (1970) The Sacred Mushroom and the
Cross. Garden City,
N. Y.: Doubleday.
AMMERMAN, Albert J. and CAVALLI-SFORZA, Luiga Lucca. (1984) The Neolithic
Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe. Princeton: Princeton
University Press. BARTHOLIN, Thomas. (1661) Historiarum anatomicarum et
medicarum rariorum.
Copenhagen. . BEECHING, Jack. (1975) The Chinese Opium Wars. New York:
Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich. BENDER, Ernest, editor. "R. Gordon Wasson on Soma and Daniel
H. H. Ingalls'
Response." New Haven: American Oriental Society, Publication #7.
BURROUGHS, William. (1959) Naked Lunch. New York: Grove Press. BURROUGHS,
William, and GINSBERG, A. (1936) The Yage Letters. San
Francisco: City Lights Books.
COX, George W. (1878) The Mythology of the Aryan Nations. London: C.
Kegan Paul. DE QUINCEY, Thomas. (1822) Confessions of an English
Opium-Eater. London:
MacDonald. DE SEPTCHENES, Le Clerc. (1788) The Religion of the Ancient
Greeks. London:
Elliot and T. Kay.
DICK, Philip K. (1965) The Man in the High Castle. London: Penguin.
DOBKIN de RIOS, Marlene. (1972) Visionary Vine: Psychedelic Healing in the
Peruvian Amazon. San Francisco: Chandler.
DOYLE, Arthur Conan. (1956) The Complete Sherlock Holmes. New York:
Doubleday. DROWER, E. S. (1956) Water into Wine. London: John Murray. DUERR,
Hans Peter. (1985) Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary between Wilderness
165

and Civilization. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. DUKE, James A., AULIK, David,
and PLOWMAN, Timothy. (1975) "Nutritional
Value of Coca." Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University, vol. 24,
no. 6. EISLER, Riane. (1987) The Chalice and the Blade: Our History, Our
Future. San
Francisco: Harper & Row. ELFERINK, Jan G. R. (1988) "Some Little-Known
Hallucinogenic Plants of the
Aztecs." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 20, no. 4. ELIADE, Mircea.
(1958) Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. New York: Pantheon.
ELIADE, Mircea. (1959) The Sacred and the Profane. New York: Harper &
Row. ELIADE, Mircea. (1964) Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Hew
York:
Pantheon.
EMBODEN, William. (1979) Narcotic Plants. New York: Macmillan. FAY, Peter
Ward. (1975) The Opium War. New York: W. W. Norton. FERNANDEZ, James W.
(1982) Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious
Imagination in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press. FISCHER,
Roland, HILL, Richard, THATCHER, Karen, and SCHUEB, James.
(1970) "Psilocybin-Induced Contraction of Nearby Visual Space." Agents
and
Actions, vol. 1, no. 4.
FLATTERY, David, and SCHMALTZ, Martin. (1989) Ahoy and Hard-line. Near
Eastern Studies, vol. 21, Berkeley: University of California Press. FREUD,
Sigmoid. (1963) The Cocaine Papers. Vine: Dunning Press. FOURS, Peter.
(1978) Hallucinogens and Culture. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp. GARROTE,
D. A. E. (1957) The Maturing Culture: The Life and Economy of
a Megalithic People in the Near East. Proceedings of the British Academy
43:
211-227. GETTING, Fred. (1981) Dictionary of Occult. Hermetic, and
Alchemical Sigils.
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. GIMBUTAS, Marija. (1982) The Goddesses
and Gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500
b.c.: Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley: University of California Press.
GRACIE, and ZARKOV. (1986) "An Indo-European Plant Teacher." Notes from
Underground 10, Berkeley.
GRAVES, Robert. (1948) The White Goddess. New York: Creative Age Press.
GRAVES, Robert. (1955) The Greek Myths. 2 vols. Baltimore: Penguin. GRAVES,
Robert. (1960) Food for Centaurs. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday. GRAVES,
Robert. (1964) Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. Garden City, N. Y.:
Doubleday. GRINSPOON, tester, and BAKALAR, James B. (1979) Psychedelic
Drugs
Reconsidered. New York: Basic Books.
GRISWOLD, H. D. (1923) The Religion ofthe Rigveda. London: Oxford
University Press. GROF, Stanislav. (1980) LSD Psychotherapy. Pomona, CA:
Hunter House. GROF, Stanislav, (1985) Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and
Transcendence in
Psychotherapy. New York: State of New York Press. GUENTHER, Herbert V.
(1966) Tibetan Buddhism without Mystification. Leiden,
Netherlands: E. J. Brill. HAYTER, Alethea. (1968) Opium and the Romantic
Imagination. Berkeley:
University of California Press. HENRY, Donald Owen. (1973) The Natufian
of Palestine: Its Material Culture and.
166

Ecology. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. HERER, Jack. (1990) The

Emperor Wears No Clothes. Van Nuys, CA: Hemp
Publishing. HERODOTUS. (1901) Works. H. Gary, trans. London: George and
Sons.
HOBHOUSE, Henry. (1985) Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed
Mankind. New York: Harper & Row.
HOFFER, A., and OSMOND, H. (1967) The Hallucinogens. New York: Academic
Press. HOOFER, A., and OSMOND, H. (1968) New Hope for Alcoholics. New York:
University Books.
HOFMANN, Albert. (1983) LSD My Problem Child. Los Angeles: Tarcher.
HOOKE, S. H. (1963) Babylonian and Assyrian Religion. Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press.
HUXLEY, Aldous. (1954) The Doors of Perception, New York: Harper. HUXLEY,
Aldous. (1977) Moksha: Writings on Psychedelics and the Visionary
Experience. Michael Horowitz and Cynthia Palmer, eds. New York:
Stonehill. JACOBS, Barry L. (1984) Hallucinogens: Neurochemical, Behavioral,
and Clinical
Perspectives. New York: Raven Press. JARRY, Alfred. (1965) Select Works
of Alfred Jarry. Roger Shattuck and Simon
Watson Taylor, eds. New York: Grove Press. JAYNES, Julian. (1977) The
Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the
Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. JINDRAK, K. F., and JINDRAK, H.
(1988) "Mechanical Effect of Vocalization of
Human Brain and Meninges," in Medical Hypotheses, 25, pp. 17-20. JONAS,
Hans. (1966) The Phenomenon of Life. New York: Dell. JUDD, Elizabeth. (1980)
"Hallucinogens and the Origin of Language."
Sociolinguistic Newsletter, vol. ii, pp. 7-12. JUNG, . G. (1953)
Psychology and Alchemy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. KAEGI, Adolf. (1886)
The Rig Veda: The Oldest Literature of the Indians. Boston: Ginn. KERENYI,
Carl. (1976) Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life. Bollingen
Series LXV. Princeton: Princeton University Press. KLUVER, Heinrich.
(1928) Mescal, the Divine Plant and Its Psychological Effects.
London: Kegan Paul.
KOESTLER, Arthur. (1967) The Ghost in the Machine. New York: Macmillan.
KRIPPNER, S., and DAVIDSON, R. (1974) "Paranormal Events Occurring during
Chemically Induced Psychedelic Experience and Their Implications for
Religion." Journal of Altered States of Consciousness 1:175. KRUGER, Henrik.
(1980) The Great Heroin Coup: Drugs, Intelligence, and
International Fascism. Boston: South End Press. LA BARRE, Weston. (1972)
The Ghost Dane: Origins of Religion. New York: Delta Press. LA WALL, Charles
H. (1927) The Curious Lore of Drugs and Medicines through the
Ages. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. LACROIX, J. F. de. (1772) Anecdotes
Arabes et Musulmanes, Depuis I'An de J. C.
614. Paris: Vincent.
LAJOUX, Jean-Dominique. (1963) The Rock Paintings of Tassili. Cleveland:
World. LEARY, Timothy, and METZNER, Ralph. (1964) The Psychedelic
Experience:
A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. New Hyde Park, N. Y.:
University Books.
LEE, Martin A., and SHLAIN, Bruce. (1985) Acid Dream: The ClA, LSD. and
the
Sixties Rebellion. New York: Grove Press. LEWIN, Lewis. (1931)
167

Pkantastica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs. New York: E.

P. Dutton.
LEWIN, Roger. (1988) In the Age of Mankind. New York: Smithsonian
Institution. LEWIN, Roger. (1991) "Stone Age Psychedelia." New Scientist. 8
June, pp. 30-34. LHOTE, Henri. (1959) The Search for the Tassili Frescoes.
New York: E. P. Dutton. LUDLOW, Fitz Hugh. (1857) The Hasheesh Eater: Being
Passage from the Life of
a Pythagorean. New York: Harper & Brothers.
LUMSDEN, Charles J., and WILSON, Edward 0. (1983) Promethean Fire:
Reflections on the Origin of Mind. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press.
LUNA, Luis Eduardo. (1986) Vegetalismo: Shamanism among the Mestizo
Population of the Peruvian Amazon. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell. LUNA,
Luis Eduardo, and AMARINCO, . (1991) Ayahuasca Visions: The
Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman. Berkeley: North Atlantic
Books, MANDER, Jerry. (1978) Four Arguments for the Elimination of
Television. New
York: Quill. MARCHETTI, Victor, and MARKS. John D. (1974) The ClA and the
Cult of
Intelligence. New York: Albert A. Knopf. MASPERO, Gaston. (1894) The Dawn
of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldea. London
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. MATHESON, Richard R. (1958)
The Eternal Search: The Story of Man and His
Drugs. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
MATOSSIAN, Mary Allerton Kilbourne. (1989) Poisons of the Past: Molds,
Epidemics, and History. New Haven: Yale University Press. MCCOY, Alfred
W. (1972) The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia. New York:
Harper Colophon Books. MCKENNA, Dennis, and MCKENNA, Terence. (1975) The
Invisible Landscape.
New York: Seabury Press. MCKENNA, Dennis, TOWERS, G. H. N.. and ABBOTT,
F. S. (1984a) "Monoamine
Oxidase Inhibitors in South American Hallucinogenic Plants, Part I:
Tryptamine
and Beta-carboline Constituents of Ayahuasca." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology
10:195-223. MCKENNA, Dennis, TOWERS, G. H. N.. and ABBOTT, F. S. (1984b)
"Monoamine
Oxidase Inhibitors in South American Hallucinogenic Plants, Part II:
Constituents
of Orally-Active Myristicaceous Hallucinogens." Journal of
Ethnopharmacology
12:179-211. MELLAART, James. (1965) Earliest Civilizations of the Near
East. New York:
McGraw-Hill. MELLAART, James. (1967) Catal ffuyuk: A Neolithic Town in
Anatolia. New York:
McGraw-Hill. MILLER, Jean Baker. (1986) Toward a New Psychology of Women.
Boston: Beacon
Press.
MOYNIHAM, Martin. (1985) Communication and Noncommunication by
Cephalopods. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
MORTIMER, W. Golden. (1974) History of Coca: The Divine Plant of the
Incas. San Francisco: Fitz Hugh Ludlow Library Edition.
168

MUNN, Henry. (1973) "The Mushrooms of Language." In Michael J. Harner,

ed.,
Shamanism and Hallucinogens. London: Oxford University Press. MYLONAS,
George E. (1961) Eleusis and Eleusinian Mysteries. Princeton:
Princeton University Press. NARANJO, Claudio. (1973) The Healing Journey:
New Approaches to
Consciousness. New York: Ballantine.
NILSSON, Martin P. (1964) A History of Greek Religion. New York: W.W.
Norton. NEUMANN, Erich. (1955) The Great Mother: An Analysis of the
Archetype. New
York: Pantheon. O'LEARY, De Lacy. (1949) How Greek Science Passed to the
Arabs. London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul. OMAN, J. Campbell. (1903) The Mystics, Ascetics,
and Saints of India. London: T.
Fischer Unwin. OSS, . . and OERIC, 0. N. (1976) Psilocybin: The Magic
Mushroom Grower's
Guide. Berkeley: Lux Natura Press. OTT, Jonathan. (1985) The Cacahuall
Eater: Rumination of an Unabashed Chocolate
Eater. Vashon, W.A.: Natural Products Co. OTT, Jonathan, and BIGWOOD,
Jeremy, eds. (1978) Teonanacafl: Hallucinogenic
Mushrooms of North America. Seattle: Madrona Publishers. OTTO, Walter F.
(1955) "The Meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries." In Joseph
Campbelt, Eranos Yearbook Number Two: The Mysteries. New York: Pantheon.
OTTO, Walter F. (1965) Dionysus Myth and Cult. Bloonington: Indiana
University
Press. PERSSON, Axel W. (1942) The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric
Times. Berkeley:
University of California Press. PFEIFFER, John E. (1982) The Creative
Explosion: An Inquiry into the Origins of
Art and Religion. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. PHELPS, Janice
Keller, and NOURSE, Alan E. (1986) The Hidden Addiction and
How to Get Free. Boston: Little, Brown. RATSCH, Christian. (1984) Ein
Kosmos im Regenwald. Cologne: Eugen Diederichs
Verlag. RATSCH, Christian. (1986) Ethnopharmakilogie und Parapsychologie.
Berlin:
Express Edition GmbH. RATSCH, Christian, and MULLER-EBELING, Claudia.
(1986) Isoldens Liebestrank
Aphrodisiaka in Geschichte und Gegenwart., Munich: Kindler Verlag. REKO,
Victor A. (1987) Magische Gife, Rausch-und Betaubungsmittel der neuen
Welt. Berlin: Express Edition GmbH. RENFREW, A. Colin. (1988) Archaeology
and Language: The Puzzle of IndoEuropean Origins. London: Cambridge
University Press.
ROBICSEK, Francis. (1978) The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History
arfd
Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. / RODRIGUEZ, E.,
AREGULLIN, M., UEHARA, S., NISHIDA, ., WRANGHAM,
R., ABRAMOWSKI, Z., FINLAYSON, A., and TOWERS, G.H.N. (1^85)
"Thiarub'rine-A, A Bioactive Constituent of Aspilia (Asteraceae) Consumed
by
Wild Chimpanzees." Experentia 41:419-420. RULANDUS, Martinus. (1612) A
Lexicon of Alchemy or Alchemical Dictionary.
Frankfurt: Zachariah Palthenus. SAMORINI, Giorgio. (1989) "Etnomicologia
169

nell'arte rupestre Sahariana (Periodo

delle 'Teste Rotonde')." Boll. Camuno Notizie, vol. 6(2):18-22. SAUR,
Carl. (1973) Man's Impact on the Earth. New York: Academic Press. SCHULTES,
Richard Evans. (1939) "Plantae Mexicanae, II: The Identification of
Teonanacati, a Narcotic Basidiomycete of the Aztecs." Botanical Museum
Leaflets
of Harvard University 7:37-57. SCHULTES, Richard Evans. (1973) The Botany
and Chemistry of Hallucinogens.
Springfield, Mass.: Charles C. Thomas. SCHULTES, Richard Evans. (1982)
"The Beta-Carboline Hallucinogens of South
America." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 14:205-220. SCHULTES, Richard
Evans, and RAFFAUF, Robert F. (1990) The Healing Forest:
Medicinal and Toxic Plants of Northwest Amazonia. Portland, OR:
Dioscorides
Press.
SETTEGAST, Mary. (1987) Plato Prehistorian. Cambridge: Rotenberg Press.
SHEVOROSHKIN, Vitaly. (1990) "The Mother Tongue." The Sciences. May/June,
pp.20-27. SIEGEL, Ronald K. (1977) "Religious Behavior in Animals and
Man: Drug-Induced
Effects." Journal of Drug Issues, pp. 219-236. SIEGEL, Ronald K. (1989)
Intoxication. New York: E. P. Dutton. SPRUCE, Richard. (1908) Notes of a
Botanist on the Amazon and Andes (2 vols.).
A. R. Wallace, ed. STAHL, Peter W. (1989) "Identification of
Hallucinatory Themes in the Late
Neolithic Art of Hungary." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 21(0:101-112.
STEVENS, Jay. (1987) Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream. New York:
Atlantic Monthly Press. STEVENS, Wallace. (1981) The Collected Poems of
Wallace Stevens. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf.
SUHR, Elmer G. (1967) Before Olympos. New York: Helios Books. SZARA,
Steven. (1957) Psychtropic Drugs. S. Garattini and V. Ghetti, eds"
Amsterdam: Elsevier.
TAYLOR. Bayard. (1855) The Lands of the Saracen. New York: G. P. Putnam.
TREBACH, Arnold S. (1987) The Great Drug War. New York: Macmillan. VARELA,
Francisco J., and COUTINHO, A. (1988) "The Body Thinks: How and
Why the Immune System Is Cognitive." The Reality Club, vol. 2, John
Brickman,
ed. New York: Phoenix Press.
WADDINGTON, C. H. (1961) The Nature of Life. London: George Alien &
Unwin. WALEY, Arthur. (1958) The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes. Stanford:
Stanford
University Press. WALTON, Robert P. (1938) Marijuana: America's New Drug
Problem. Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott. WARE, James R. (1966) Alchemy, Medicine, Religion m the
China of A. D. 320: The
Nei Pienof Hung. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. WASSON, R. Gordon.
(1971) Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality. New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. WASSON, R. Gordon. (1980) The Wondrous
Mushroom: Mycolatry in Mesoamerica.
New Y^rk: McGraw-Hill. WASSON, R. Gordon. (1986) Persephone's Quest:
Entheogens and the Origins of
Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press. WASSON, R. Gordon, and HEIM,
170

Roger. (1958) Les Champignons Hallucinogenes

du Mexique. Paris: Edition du Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle.
WASSON, R. Gordon, and HEIM, Roger. (1967) Nouoelles Investigations sur les
Champignons Hallucinogenes. Paris: Editions du Musee National d'Histoire
Naturelle. WASSON, R. Gordon, and HOFMANN, Albert, and RUCK, Carl. (1978)
The Road
to Eleusis. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. WILSON, Edward 0. (1984)
Blophilia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press.
WILSON, H. H., trans. (1928) Rig-Veda Sanhita (5 vols.) Poona, India:
Ashtekar. WINDHOLZ, Martha, ed. (1976) The Merck Index (9th ed.). Rahway,
N.J.: Merck. WINN, Marie. (1977) The Plug-In Drug. New York: Penguin.
ZAHNER, R. C. (1961) The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism. New York: G.
P.
Putnam's Sons.

, 37 , 356 , 237 , 131 , 182

, 63-65, 356 , 233
- , 204
- , 189-193, 224, 261
- , 194-195, 224, 227, 265
- , 189, 1%, 275
- , 187-189, 194-197
- , 194-197
- , 186-187, 189-190 " " (),
249 , 182, 191, 192, 193, 249-250,
329 ,
29-30, 35-36, 79, 129, 285, 287, 294,
304, 312, 326, 327. . ; , . Amanita
muscaria (). . . , 98
Anadenanthera peregrina. 326 . . -;
. ": ." (), 142
, 47 / mundi, 133 , 44 , 169, 174
, , 132, 133,
137, 138, 216, 315-345, 356 ( ),
19, 20, 35, 39, 133, 283, 306
- , , , 98-99, 163, 168, 185, 339
- -, 213, 312
- , 100-101
- , 231 Aspilia. 44
- , 340, 343, 357-358
- , 51-53
- , 67, 69, 94, 112, 124, 161
- , 112, 114, 117, 120
-
, 66-72
Stropharia cubensis , 165 , 65, 68, 102, 254 -, 143
, 36, 65, 79, 102, 285-290, 356
- , 38-39
,51, 219
171

 (), 47, 48
, , 130, 131
, , 208
Banisteriopsis caapi. 36, 285-288, 294, 356
" - , "
(), 294
, , 188
, , 67-68, 101-102, 356
, 110
( ), 131, 188, 284
" " (0'-), 209
, , 230
, , 292-293
, , 214, 237, 266
, 99. . .
-, 65, 69, 285, 311, 356
(), 53
, , 212
" " (), 214 , , 132 /
- , 330
- , 91
- "", 86
- , 156-157 " " (),162
. . . -, 127 , , 208,
262 " "
(), 286 - ,
233-235, 257 Brugmansia, 149 Brunfelsia, 149 , 98 , 302
" " (), 108, 113
, , 294, 295
, 139-141, 145, 152, 161. . "".
, , 131, 209
, , 295
. . .
" " (), 335
" " (), 248
, 71, 111, 113
. . , .
, 324
, 32, 34
- , 38-39, 102, 288-290
- , 311
- , 198, 202, 210-212, 214-215, 285
- , 69
- , 92-93, 95-96, 172, 294 '- , 65, 288, 298, 323-326
- , 141,145, 147,152
- , 179
- , 65, 102
- , 64, 297
- , 291-293
- , 256-262, 285
- , 290-291 , , 191
, 270, 271 ,188
172

- , 188
- /, 188
, , 161, 162
Virola, 149, 326
, 356
(), 59, 219-221
, () , 21, 25-26, 37, 72, 99-100, 114,
126-127, 129, 161, 164, 167-168, 320, 340, 343
- , 186, 194-197
- /,128,160,167, 357
- , 220-221, 237, 243-244, 277-280, 334
- , 100
- , 230-231
- , 103-105, 194-197
- , 25-26, 103, 128-129, 203,
215-216, 283-284, 299-303, 307-308, 327

- , 32, 33
- , 54
- , 82
" " (), 232
, , 264
, 285, 294-295, 304, 310
" " ( ), 154
- , 63-65, 68, 72-74, 155, 166, 251, 284-304, 311,
323, 328-329, 342, 356, 357, 358, 359
- , 198
- , 314-315
- , 63
- , 312-314
. ;
.
, 209. . . ,
304-305
, 54, 65, 145-147, 294, 356 , 65, 287, 294, 356 , 198,
199-200, 202, 205, 208-210,
212, 214-216, 251, 285, 296 " " (
), 209
, , 133-134, 309, 356-357 ,
, 228
, 249 , , 182 , 182
, 200 , 236, 242, 245, 254, 258, 265-266,
272, 275, 278, 301, 302, 322
- 4 "-", 275 , , 238, 262 . . ;
. .
. Peganum harmala. , , 127, 162 , 169-172
( ), 357
- . 87 , , 230 , , 86
, 49-54, 112
- , 22, 46, 64-55, 57-58, 60,82
- , 52-53
- , 52-53
173

- " ",
78, 89, 96
- , 51-53
, 233
, .302
, , 208
, , 260
, , 174, 177-178, 182, 268
. . ;
; .
, 109
- Amanita muscaria (), 148-153, 157-160, 162, 178, 356
- , 142, 162
- basidiomycete, 47
- , 96
- , 54, 72, 93, 97, 148, 184
- , 54, 57, 58, 88, 97
- , 142
- , 110, 129, 148, 156-157, 172
- , 171
- , 92
- , 107, 109,110
- // cubensis/
Stropharia cubensis (), 36, 49. 64, 69-72, 74-75, 114, 148,
152-154, 157-163, 165-169, 171-172, ,178, 182, 206,240, 253,285,294, 304,
305-306, 310, 326, 340, 358 . ; , . .
" * (), 88
, 191
, 85, 97
, 57, 73,81
Dawamesc, 208
Datura ( ), 131,149, 188,
253, 284
" * (), 177 " * (), 297
, , 210, 245, 259-262 , 175, 176, 179, 246, 247 ,
, 85-86 , , 296 , , 100 , ,
295 , , 147 ,
- , 22,45,46,54,57,58, 60, 61, 82
- , 197, 226, 332 , ., 277 . .
. /, 169, 173-174, 177-179, 188
- , 174-175
- , 103
, 205
, 54, 64, 69, 251, 285, 287, 298, 304,
312, 314, 323-329, 358 " ", 250 , , 127
" " (,
), 93, 182
, , 270 ( ), 114 ,
131-132 , , 208
, 114, 116 , , 111
, , 298 ,
- / , 98-99
174

- , 25,131-133, 194-197,
283
- , 97, 98, 100, 284
. ; , .
- , 188, 194-197
- , 195-197
- , 103-105
- , 89-90
- (), 131
- , 25, 131-133, 220
. .
- , 123-125
- , 44-45, 219
- , 18, 189 . .
, 46 , , 19, 23-24,
138, 203-294, 215-216, 272-277, 303,
307
- , 272-274
- , 189, 197
- , 327
- , 203-204, 215-216
- , 305
- , 208, 236, 242
- , 337-339
- No I, 68, 327
, , 67
, 98, 173
, , 89-91

- () (/), 99, 100,- 106-107, 11, 113, 126-129,

132-133, 144, 155,160,161,166,174,179, 182, 184, 193, 246-248, 356
- , 22, 23, 26,
134, 137-138, 331, 333, 340-345 /, 167, 172, 247 "
" (), 270 , 143-145 " *, 147 , ., 144
I , 255 , 65, 67-69, 102
, 65, 68, 302
- " ", 101-102
" , "
(), 296
, 114
, 91, 117
. . .
( ), 39, 288
-, ., 127
, 83
, 98

- , 152-153
- , 201-202, 207
- , 30
- , 225
, 126-128, 138-139. 143. 155-156, 160-161, 167, 186, 357-358
175

 . . .
, 98, 141,202,207
, 131
,268
. . .
, 35
Ipomoea violacea; 295, 310
, 147, 155, 236
, 111, 156
, 64, 292
/, 34, 317-318. . ;
.
" - " ( ), 259, 261
" - " (), 268, 269
, 156
. . .
, 30
" " , 98
, , 317
-, , 128 , . .

- , 128
- , 44 , , 39 , 357
, , 172, 180, 186, 246 , , 341-342 "
" ( ),
300-301
- , 236, 275, 321
- , 257-258
- , 201
- , 257
- , 233
Claviceps paspali, 181
Claviceps purpurea, 179
(
), 199, 253 . 208 , , 293, 295, 304
" ". 112, 114, 117, 171 ,
267-270
,16,193,236,245,251,254,257,
258, 264, 265, 267-273, 275, 280, 302303, 307, 322
. 130, 131, 209, 284 , , 268
, , 210, 245, 259 , , 250-251
, 30, 36, 304 . 142, 143 , 145, 198-216, 292
- , 204, 216
-/, 199
- . 204
- , , 203
. . , 69, 357 , , 240 , 204, 208,
223, 224, 236, 237-241,
270 , 226, 236, 238, 240. .
; ; . -, , 294 , , 116
, 221, 222 , 94
. . . , 111, 119, 120,
123, 357
176

- , 49, 69, 71, 144, 152-153, 157, 186, 357

- , 155
- , 110,121,124,128, 144,152,157,163, 170,171, 174
- , 125 " " (), 25-26, 129
- , 17, 356, 360
- , 49-60, 93-94, 98, 132
- ,17
- , 132
- , 98-99
, 117-119

- () /, 71, 110, 113, 114, 127-129,

168-169
- , 110, 148, 165, 172, 186
- , 132
- /, 110, 121, 124. 128, 144, 152, 186
- (), 156-157, 158
- , 132
- /, 165, 186
- . 165-183, 283
- , 98
- . 138-163
- , 128 , 90
, , 243 , 126, 127, 336-337
, 201, 210, 256, 288, 326
, , 295
, 208, 245, 250
, , 214-215
, -, 109, 110, 125
, 57-58
, 68
, ., 52
, , 33
, , 195, 238, 290, 291, 294
. . .
, , 300
, 237
, , 213, 259, 304-306, 313
, , 108, 111, 113
Lophophora williamsii, 291
, , 128, 160
63-64, 69, 148, 254, 256, 295,
296-297, 299-303, 305-306, 311, 335 ",
", 302 , , 191
, 156-157, 169 , , 319
, 90
, 251-253, 310
, , 30-32, 306, 359
, , 359
- , 30
- -, 129, 312-315, 330
- , 151
177

- , 30, 35-39, 129, 222-223, 288

- , 311-339
- , 337-339
- , 306
, , 133, 319
, 268, 269
, 284
, . , 270
, , 148, 178, 295, 310
, , 158
, , 181
.307
, 19, 254, 307
, 169-171, 186-187, 246-248
- ( ), 164, 165, 171, 186, 253
. . . , , 117, 118, 121-124,
126, 166 , 147, 357
, 84, 291-293, 295, 296, 311 " * (),
293 ",
" (),
293
, 277 , , 213, 305, 313 , , 104
, 166-175,180,182,186,
209, 246
, 165-183 , 47
, 21, 40, 169-171, 173-174 /-, 301, 336 - ,
82, 87
- , 89
- , 311-313
- , 82
- , 82
- , 52
- , 52-54 , , 326 , ,
142 . . . , 240
.-, 209, 262 , .-., 268, 269 , 193, 236.
242, 262, 264, 265,
272
"" (), 260
- , 195
- , 51, 90
- , 244
- , 107
- ,203
- , 103-105
, , 88
, 150
. 202, 205-206
, 150
(Amanita muscaria). . .
, , 214
, 207,225
, 96
178

 , 109, 110, 113,

. 115,124,125
" " (),
109, 110, 125 , 117-120, 124,
171, 357
- , 119
- . 35, 99
- XIX , 212
- , 81
- , 165
,44
, 89
" * (. . ), 30-32, 359
, , 246, 248 , , 23, 34, 39, 132-134 ,
, 208 , , 254-255 Nicotiana rustica, 252, 255
Nicotiana-tabacum, 255, 256 , , 71, 200
/, 149, 251, 254-255, 326, 327
, , 148, 154, 285, 294, 304, 306
(), 59
, . , 202
, 172-173, 201, 208-209, 210, 212, 223, 224, 236, 242, 245-250, 251,
256, 257-258, 262, 285, 292, 300, 343
- , 257-258
- , 259-262
- , 242, 245-248
. . ; ; ; ; ; . .-.,70,
109, 110,306 , , 303, 319 , 315, 316 ,
, 51,
90,97 0' .-., 209
, 117-120, 124
, , 251
, 249-250
, , 147,157
, , 25-26, 72, 100-105, 126, 129, 155,161,164,166,
167, 182, 185, 203, 230,331,337
- , 112-120, 230, 344-345
. . .
. . .
Peganum harmala. 69, 147, 155-156, 294, 357
Periploca, 145
, 290-291, 304
, ., 294
(), 175
" " (), 152
, , 52
, , 52
, 114
, 179-180, 186
, 182
-- (), 251
, 80. . .
179

, 17-18, 94. . ; .
. , 52

- , 35, 72, 137-138, 163

- XIX , 73, 231
- ( ), 21, 23, 73, 91, 174, 309
- , 91
- , 17
- , 74, 129, 138
- , 21, 23, 133-134, 138, 315
- , 20, 72, 98, 230
. .
- . 59, 60, 219-221
- , 45-46, 49-51
- , 55-59, 74-75
- , 42-44
,189, 205,247
,313
, 79
, 169-172
, , 207, 209
/, 34
- , 87
- , 96 -, 69-72, 182 (
), 16-17, 60, 319
- . 264
- , 274-275
- , 238
- ( ), 242-243, 265-266, 272-274
- , 224-226
- , 242-243, 265
- , 277-280
- , 18
- , 79, 216, 232
- , 18
. , .
" " (), 85
" " ( I), 255-256
, 262, 290, 303, 338
, , ,
- , 320-321, 334, 336
- . . .
- , 319
- , , 337-339
- (), 20-22, 43-44, 61, 76-78, 314-345
- , 18-19, 189, 261, 264-277,311
- , 19
- , 227-228, 236, 258, 273-277, 280, 302
. ; .
, 36, 64,69,70,114, 148, 152-154, 157-163, 285, 305-306, 325,
357,358
- , 314
180

- , 148
- , 54-57, 59
- , 56
- , 56,152,153, 306
- , 49-61, 93-94, 96-97, 133
- , 57, 74-75, 87-88 . .
": " ( ),
70, 109, 110, 306
, 64, 69, 325,358
, 97, 99, 306, 315, 330. . ; .
(/-) , 18-22, 40-41,
63-65, 164, 206
- , 177-178, 182
- , 36, 169
- / , 22, 45, 54-55, 58, 60, 82, 220
- --, 98
- , 115
- , 283-309
- , 112, 114
- (), 154
- , (-), 66-72
- , 62-63
- , 17, 22-26
- , 307-308
- , 164-166, 182-183
- , , 76-78
- (/) , 213, 313 .
; ; ; ; ; ;
.
, , 114-115
, 187
, , 249
, 47-48 . . . - ., 294
, 227-228, 236
- , 194, 228-229
, . ., 158, 179
" " (), 118
" : " (), 158
, 239
, 239
, 61
- , 356
- , 44
- , 33-35
- /, 39 , , 294
- ( , , ), 99, 101, 106-107, 111, 113, 114,
124, 128-129, 132-133, 144, 155, 160, 163, 166, 174, 179, 182,184, 246, 248
- , 97-98
- , 54,72, 93, 96, 133, 165-166
- ( , ), 98-100, 103, 127, 182,
206, 231,283
- /,
181

128, 156, 184

. . Retsina, 188 . . .
"", 139-141, 156, 157, 168, 171 , 220, 228
- , 195 /
, 42-43,
76-78, 213
, , 252 , , 44 , , 249 ,
, 127
, , 172
(), 21, 112,117,
171. . .
Sarcostemma, 145
,103
, 194, 231, 232-233, 234-236, 240
- , 194, 227-230
- , 226-227
, , 111, 117, 119, 157
Saccharum officinarum, 224. .
.
, 18, 321-322 " * (), 229
, 102, 238-239
- , 103-105, 194-197
- , 103-105,
128-129
, , 176 , , 267 , , 119,
123, 124 /, 148, 152,
159, 160
. , 304 , 46-49 , 79-89 ,
173-174 (), 156, 158 , 200-201, 357 . . . ,
, 39, 262, 315
- , 40 , 22, 83-86, 297
- , 22-23, 78, 86-88, 83-94, 114, 133, 148, 173,
297-298, 312-314
- , 20, 23,46,
62-63, 84-85, 173, 208, 287
- , 83
- , 319-320
, 137-163, 168, 171, 181, 185, 188. . .
": * (), 146, 148
" " (-), 130
Sophora secundifolia, 149
, 220-223
- , 222
, 179-182, 285, 296, 310. . .
, , 285
, 220-221, 227-228, 283-284
, , 127
, , 300
, , 232
" - - ", 270
", "
(), 296
182

Stropharia cubensis () . . .
, 115
, 199, 208, 224, 226, 242-245, 250-251, 253-256, 261, 265
- , 251-253 Tabemantha/ Tabemamontana iboga, 65,
67-68, 102, 358
", " (), 327 - , 107-113, 117,
120, 358
- , 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 115,120, 125
- , 117 , , 44 , , 210-212
, 277-280, 302 , 294 , 289, 294
Theobroma cacao, 240. . .
, 238, 240 , 295 , 247 -, 44
-, 119
, ., 214
, 95
, 32,39,57, 74-75,
88, 97, 129, 314, 324 , 21, 25 , ,
335 , 64, 69,
311-314,358 Turbina corymbosa, 310 , 148 . .
-;
.
, , 83 , , 128 , ., 47, 49,
52 -- (), 117 , 44
, . X., 94 , , 285 , , 147,
298, 310, 320,
356, 360
, . , 93, 95-96, 147-149, 152-154, 157-159, 171, 178-182,
298, 306, 310, 320, 356, 358, 360 " ", 54-55, 63-65
, , 290, 291
- /, 67-68,
101-102
, ., 227 ,358 , , 253 , ,
54-55 , , 147 , , 268
, , 84-85, 312 , 140, 143-147, 188, 358 "
" (
), 147 , , 156 , , 154, 159 Helms games, 358
. . . , , 216 , . 301-302 ,
, 291 , , 229 , , 305 Homo sapiens, 50,
52, 79 , ,35
, , 148,176-182, 295-297
299, 310, 320 , , 303 , 103, 131-132, 182 231
240-241, 283, 333
(), 236, 358, 274-276, 280
300-303, 321, 334, 336
, 224, 232-235, 270 "-: " (),
121, 122 -, , 91, 120-129, 155
157, 166, 186, 358
- , 122
- .
127
" " (), 277 , 99

183

- , 85
- , '80-82
- , 81, 358, 360 , 89 ,
45

- , 30, 304, 326

- , , 304
- , 36-37, 96-97, 317-318; 330-343
- , 32-33
- , 79
- , 294
- , 30, 32, 33, 39, 358
- , 148, 152,159
- , 252 ": "
(), 30
- / , 107, 109
- , 172
- , 34
- , 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40-41, 97, 149, 285,
287, 288-290, 294, 304, 311, 312
- , 37,40
- /, 31
- , 22, 39
- . 167, 246
- , 95, 147.213
- , 40, 288-290
- , 23, 30-33,
40, 88, 94-96, 152 , , 147 , 223 -, 201
, 203-204, 280,
299-303, 313, 328, 336 , , 300 , 44, 51 , ,
141 , 236, 240-241 .
262, 264
" " (), 300 , ., 286, 295, 303-304,
320. 327
, , 180 , , 17
- , 57-58, 81
- , 49-61, 74-75, 93-94, 132, 148
- , 46-49
- /, 79-89
- " ", 117-119
- " ", 54-55, 63-65
- , 52-54
- , 22-23, 45-46
. . "", 25, 86, 88, 163, 206
- , 97-100, 230
. . (), 164, 184-185, 190, 345
- , 112-119 , 312-314 , ,
25-26, 126, 129, 182 , 73, 96, 132, 318, 358 "" (
). . . / , 23,
30-33, 86, 94-96, 145, 149, 163, 182,
251
- , 100
184

- , 166, 186
- , 323-327, 329
- , 96
- . 98
- () , 115,266
- , 86-88
- , 94
- , 166, 169, 174 , 131, 166, 169,
175-183, 185, 262 , , 30, 31, 39, 96, 358 , , 291,
293 , 358 , ., 215 , 154, 358
, 58, 358,
360
0.-., 70. 109, 110, 306 , 147, 360 ,
360 . 145. 164
, , 329
, 194 . 44
- . 88-89
- , 79-82
- , 54, 57, 58, 97
- , 89-91
- , 33-35
- , 23, 54, 57, 79-89
- , 86-88, 94-96
- , 127
- , 79-81
- , 206
- , 88-89
* "drug" : ,
, , , ()
. . .
* --: . ,
. - . .
* "" ,
,
.
, ,
- " " (1992). - . .
* , , , (.). - . .
* . - . .
* - -.. - . .
* . - . .
* - , ,
, - ,
. - . .
185

* "" (spirits)
"" (spiritus) - .
* * , . - . .
* * ""
() , . . . . . ., . "", 1994, No 20, . 28. . .
* . - ..

1 . " - *
(McCoy A. W., The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia. New York: Harper
Colophon Books, 1972), . 16 : " [
!

- .

, -
( - ..) - ,
-
"" .
2 Victor Marchetti, John D. Marks, The CIA and the Cult of
Intelligence.New York: Knopf, 1974), p. 256. . : . Kruger (1980), A.
W. McCoy (1972).
3 Ronald . Siegel, Intoxication (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1989), p. 119.
4 Riane Eisler, The Chalice and the Blade (San Francisco: Harper & Row,
1987).
1. :
1 . Mircea Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy (New York:
Pantheon, 1964), pp. 23ff.
2 Dennis McKenha and Terence McKenna, The Invisible Landscape (New York:
Seabury Press, 1975), p.9.
3 Eliade (1959), p. 9.
4 . : Roger Lewin, In the Age of Mankind (New York: Smithsonian
Institution, 1988), p.180.
5 .: William Burroughs and A. Ginsberg, The Yage Letters (San
Francisco: City Light Books, 1963).
2.
1 E. Rodriguez. M, Aregullin, S. Uehara, . Nishida, R. Wrangham, Z.
Abramowski, A. Finlayson, and G. H. N. Towers, "Thiarubrine-A, A Bioactive
Constituent of Aspllia (Asteraceae) Consumed by Wild Chimpanzees,"
Experientia 41 (1985): 419-420.

186

2 Edward 0. Wilson, Biophllia (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University

Press, 1984), p. 33.
3 Charles J. Lumsden and Edward 0. Wilson, Promethean Fire: Reflections
on the Origin of Mind (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), p.
33.
4 . . 15.
5 Roland Fischer, et al., "Psilocybin-Induced Contraction of Nearby
Visual Space", Agents and Actions 1, no. 4 (1970): 190-197.
6 Dennis McKenna, "Hallucionogens and Evolution". Seminar transcript
abstract. 1984, Esalen, p.2.
3.
1 A. Hotter and H. Osmond, New Hope for Alcoholics (New York: University
Boors, 1968).
2 Carl Saur, Atari's Impact on the Earth (New York: Academic Press,
1973).
3 James W. Fernandez, Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination
in Africa (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982).
4 Gracie and Zarkov, "An Indo-European Plant Teacher", Notes from
Underground 10 (Berkeley).
5 . . Oss and 0. N. Oeric. Psilocybin: The Magic Mushroom Grower's
Guide (Berkeley: Lux Natura Press, 1986).
4. :

1 Herbert V. Ouenther. Tibetan Buddhism without Mystification (Leiden,
Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1986), p. 66.
2 Francisco J. Varela and A. Coutinho "The Body Thinks: How and Why the
Immune System Is Cognitive" in The Reality Club, ed. John Brockman, vol. 2.
(New York: Phoenix Press. 1988).
3 Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception (New York: Harper, 1954), p. 22
(. : . . . " - XXI , 1994,
. 15-16).
4 Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the
Bicameral Mind (Boston: Houghton Miftin, 1977).
5 Henry Munn, "The Mushroom of Language", in Michael J. Harner, ed.,
Shamanism and Hallucinogens (London: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. 88.
6 . F. Jindrak and H. Jindrak, "Mechanical Effect of Vocalization of
Human Brain and Meninges", Medical Hypotheses 25 (1989), pp. 17-20.
187

5.
1 R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl Ruck, The Road to Eleusis
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978) p. 23.
2 . H. Waddington, The Nature of Life (London: Alien & Unwin, 1961).
3 Mircea Eliade, Yoga: Immortality and Freedom (New York: Pantheon, 1958)
p. 320.
4 R. Gordon Wasson, The Wondrous Mushroom: Mycolatry in Mesoamerica (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), p. 225.
5 .
: R. Gordon Wasson, 5ome; Divine Mushroom of Immortality (New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971,), pp. 326-334.
6 James W. Fernandez, Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imaginations
in Africa (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), p. 311.
7. Christian Ratsch and Claudia Muller-Ebeling, Isoldens Liebestrank
Aphrodisiaka In Geschichte und Gegenwart (Munich: Kindler Verlag, 1986).
8. Jeans Baker Miller, Toward a New Psychology of Women (Boston: Beacon
Press, 1986).
6.
1
, , (.
).
.
,

.
,
. .: Samorinj G,
1989, pp. 18-22. . . . : Roger Lewin, "Stone Age
Psychedelia" in New Scientist, 8 June 1991, pp. 30-34.
2 Leonel Balout, Algerie Prehistortgue (Paris: Art et Metiers Graphiques,
1958).
3 John E. Preiffer, The Creative Explosion: An Inquiry into the Origins
of Art and Religions (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982), p.
213.
4 James Mellaart, Earliest Civilisations of the Near East (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1965), p. 29.
5 Mary Settegast, Plato Prehistorian (Cambridge: Rotenberg Press, 1987),
p. 154.
6 Donald Owen Henry, The Natufian of Palestine: Us Material Culture and
188

Ecology (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1973), p. v.

7 D. A. E. Garrod, "The Natufian Culture: The Lite and Economy of a
Mesolithic People in the Near East", Proceedings of the British Academy 43
(1957): 211-227.
8 Settegast, op. cit., p. 2.
9 Mellaart, op. cit.; Mellaart, Catal Huyuk: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia
(New York: McGraw-Hill. 1967), pp. 221-222.
10 , . 226.
11 Settegast, op. cit., pp. 166-167.
12 Mellaart, Earliest Civilizations, p. 77.
13 Settegast. op. cit., p. 180.
14 Mellaart, Earliest Civilizations, p. 77.
15 Marija Gimbutas, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1982).
16 Colin Renfrew, Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European
Origins (London: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 171.
17 Vitaly Shevoroshkin, "The Mother Tongue", The Science, May/June 1990,
pp. 20-27.
18 R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl Ruck, The Road to Eleusis
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978)
19. Hans Peter Duerr, Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary between
Wilderness and Civilization (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985), p. 4.
7. - ""
1 . Anuvaka: V, X, 5, 1
2 H.H. Wilson, trans., Rig-Veda Sonhita (Poona, India: Ashtekar, 1928),
vol. 5, p. 287.
3 Adolf Kaegi, The Rig Veda: The Oldest Literature of the Indians
(Boston: Ginn, 1886), pp. 72-73.
4 R. S. Zahner, The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism (New York:
Putnam, 1961) p. 86.
5 H. D. Griswold, The Religion of the Rigveda (London: Oxford University
Press, 1923).

189

6 Zahner, op. cit., p. 86.

7 George W. Cox, The Mythology of the Aryan Nations (London: C. Kegan
Paul, 1878), pp. 387-388.
8 .: Ernest Bender, ed., R. Gordon Wasson on Soma and Daniel H. H.
Ingalls' Response (Publication #7), (New Haven: American Orient Society,
1971).
9 David Flattery and Martin Schwartz, Haoma and Harmaline, Near Eastern
Studies, vol. 21 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
10 , 31.
11 R. Gordon Wasson, Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality (New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 75.
12 Martha Windholz, ed.. The Merck Index. 9th ed. (Rahway, N. J.: Merck,
1976).
13 1988
14 R. Gordon Wasson, Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of
Religion (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986) p. 135.
15 , . 134.
16 R. Gordon Wasson, The Wondrous Mushroom: Mycolatry in Mesoamerica (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1980), p. xvi.
17 Flattery and Schwartz, op. cit.
18 S. H. Hooke, Babylonian and Assyrian Religion (Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press, 1963), p. 19.
19 Gaston Maspero, The Dawn of Civilization - Egypt and Chaldea (London:
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1894), p. 655.
20 Wasson, Soma, p. 256.
21 Carl Ruck, co-author. The Road to Eleusis (New York: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich, 1978), in Wasson, Persephone's Quest, p. 256.
22 P. , , 1977.
23 .: Marija Gimbutas, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500
B.C.: Myths Cult Images (Berkeley: University of California Press.
1982), p. 219.
8. :
1 Riane Eisler, The Chalice and the Blade: Our History, Our Future (San
Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987), pp. 30-31.
190

2 Martin P. Nilsson, History of Greek Religion (New York: W. W. Norton.

1964) p. 13.
3 Carl Kerenyi, Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life,
Bollingen Series LXV (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p.
4 .: Elmer G. Suhr, Before Olympos (New York: Helios Books, 1967).
5 , 811; Tzetes, , 798; ,
, 369, 20 894, 42.
6 Bibliotheke III, 3 f.
7 Axel W. Persson, The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric Times (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1942), p. 10.
8 R. Gordon Wasson, Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality (New York:
Harcout Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 16.
9 Kerenyi, op. cit" p. 27.
10 Walter F. Otto, Dionysus Myth and Cult (Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1965), p. 65.
11 Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, 2 vols. (Baltimore: Penguin, 1955), p.
57.
12 Persson, op. cit., p. 150.
13 Le Clerc de Septchenes, The Religion of the Ancient Greeks (London:
Elliot and T. Kay, 1788), p. 180.
14 Walter F. Otto, "The Meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries", in Joseph
Campbell, Eranos Yearbook Number Two: The Mysteries (New York: Pantheon,
1955), p. 23.
15 Robert Graves, Difficult Questions, Easy Answers (Garden City, N. Y.:
Doubleday, 1964), pp. 106-107.
16 R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl Ruck, The Road to Eleusis
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978).
17 Kerenyi, op. cit., p. 53.
18 Mary Allerton Kilbourne Matossian, Poisons of the Past: Molds,
Epidemics, and History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).
19 A. Hoffer and H. Osmond, The Hallucinogens (New York: Academic Press,
1967), p. 84
9.
191

1 Aldous Huxley, Moksha: Writings on Psychedelics and the Visionary

Experience, Michael Horowitz and Cynthia Palmer, eds. (Los Angeles: Tarcher.
1977), p. 97.
2 Fasti III 736.
3 Carl Kerenyi, Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life,
Bollingen Series LXV (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 98.
4 E. S. Drower, Water into Wine (London: John Murray, 1956), p. 7.
5 Ronald . Siegel, Intoxication (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1989), p. 119.
6 James R. Ware, Alchemy. Medicine, Religion in the China of A. D. 320:
The Nei Pien of Hung (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press), p. 72.
7 Richard R. Matheson, The Eternal Search: The Story of Man and His Drugs
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1985).
8 Charles H. La Wall, The Curious Lore of Drugs and Medicines through the
Ages (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1927), p. 158.
9 Lewis Lewin, Phantasiica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs (New York: E.
P. Dutton, 1931), p. 190.
10. :
1 .: Robert P. Walton, Marijuana: America's New Drugs Problem
(Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1938), pp. 188-195.
2 , , H. , . (London: George Bell and Sons, 1901), .
IV, . 74.
3 , . I, . 202.
4 Julian quoted in Walton, op. cit., p. 3.
5 J. Campbell Oman, The Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of India (London:
T. Fischer Unwin, 1903).
6 Quoted in Walton, op. cit., p. 8.
7 J. F. de Lacroix, Anecdotes Arabes et Musulmanes, Depuis I'An de J. C.
614 (Paris: Vincent, 1772), p. 534.
8 Bayard Taylor, The Lands of the Saracen (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1855),
pp. 137-139.
9 Fitz Hugh Ludlow, The Hasheesh Eater: Being Passage from the Life of a
Pythagorean (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1857), p. 86.
10 , pp. 288-289.

192

11. : , ,
1 De Lacy O'Leary, How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs (London:
Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1949), p. 71.
2 Henry Hobhouse, Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed Mankind
(new York: Harper & Row, 1985), p. 46.
3 Janice Keller Phelps and Alan E. Nourse, The Hidden Addiction and How
to Get Free (Boston: Little, Brown, 1986), p, 75.
4 Hobhouse, op. cit., p. 54.
5 Hobhouse, op. cit., p. 63.
6 Wallace Stevens, The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens (New York:
Alfred A. Knopf, 1981).
7 Hobhouse, op. cit., pp. 96-97.
8 Hobhouse, op. cit., p. 108.
9 Lewis Lewin, Phantastica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs (New York: E.
P. Dutton, 1931), pp. 256-257.
10 , pp. 257-258.
11 Jonathan Ott, The Cacahuati Eater: Ruminations of an Unabashed
Chocolate Eater (Vashon, Washington: Natural Products Co., 1985), pp. 12-22.
12 . . Oss and 0. N. Oeric, Psilocybin: The Magic Mushroom Grower's
Guide (Berkeley: Lux Nature Press, 1986), p. 73.
13. Lewin, op. cit., p. 283.
12. :
1 Arnold S. Trebach, The Great Drug War (New York: Macmillan, 1987), p.
291.
2 Carl Kerenyi, Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life,
Bollingen Series LXV-(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 23.
3 William Emboden, Narcotic Plants (New York: Macmillan, 1979), pp.
27-28.
4 Alethea Hayter, Opium and the Romantic Imagination (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1968), p. 22.
5 5. Fred Getting's Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic, and 'Alchemical
Sigils (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981) ,
,
.
193

6 . : Lewin, . 38.
7 Lewis Lewin, Phantastica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs (New York: E.
P. Dutton, 1931), p. 288.
8 Francis Robicsek, The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History and
Religion (Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press, 1978), p. 46.
9 Peter Furst, Hallucinogens and Culture (San Francisco: Chandler &
Sharp, 1978), p. 28.
10 Thomas Bartholin, Historiarum anatomicarum et medicarum rariorum
(Copenhagen, 1661).
11 Emboden, op. cit., p. 38.
12 Robiscek, op. cit., p. 8.
13 Henry Hobhouse, Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed Mankind
(New York: Harper & Row, 1985), p. 117.
14 Arthur Waley, The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes (Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1958), pp. 11-157.
15 Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975), pp. 249260. Also see Jack Beeching, The Chinese Opium Wars (new York: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, 1975).
16 Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (London:
MacDonald, 1822), p. 117.
17 Hayter, op. cit., p. 103.
13. : , ,
1 William Burroughs, Naked Lunch (New York: Grove Press, 1959), p. viii
(. . . ; .: ..
. .: . "", 1993, .29).
2 James A. Duke, David Aulik, and Timothy Plowman, "Nutritional Value of
Coca", Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University 24:6 (1975).
3 Sigmund Freud, The Cocaine Papers (Vienna: Dunquin Press, 1963), p. 14.
4 Arthur Conan Doyle, The Sign of Four in The Complete Sherlock Holmes
(New York: Doubleday, 1905).
5 Introduction by Michael Horowitz, in W. Golden Mortimer, History of
Coca. the Divine Plant of the Incas (San Francisco: Fitz Hugh Ludlow
Library, 1974).
6 Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia (New York:
194

Harper Colophon Books, 1972).

7 Henrik Kruger, The Great Heroin Coup: Drugs, Intelligence and
International Fascism (Boston: South End Press, 1980), p. 14.
8 Philip . Dick, The Man in the High Castle (London: Penguin, 1965).
9 Marie Winn, The Plug-In Drug (new York: Penguin, 1977), pp. 24-25.
10 Jerry Mander, Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (New
York: Quill. 1978), p. 197.
11 Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shiain, Acid Dreams: The ClA. LSD, and the
Sixties Rebellion (new York: Grove Press, 1985), pp. 27-35.
14.
1 Hans Peter Duerr, Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary Between Wilderness
and Civilization (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985).
2 Richard Spruce, Notes of a Botanist on the Rio Negro, A. R. Wallace,
ed. (London: Macmillan, 1980).
3 Richard Evans Schultes, "The Beta-Carboline Hallucinogens of South
America", Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 14, no. 3 (1982): 205-220.
4 Claudio Naranjo, The Healing Journey: New Approaches to Consciousness
(New York: Ballantine, 1973); Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Visionary Vine:
Psychedelic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon (San Francisco: Chandler, 1972);
Luis Eduardo Luna, Vegetallsmo: Shamanism among the Mestizo Population of
the Peruvian Amazon (Stockholm: Alquist & Wiksell, 1986).
5 . : A. Hoffer and H. Osmond, The Hallucinogens (New York: Academic
Press, 1967), p. 8.
6 , . 9.
7 , . 7.
8 Heinrich Kluver, Mescal. the Divine Plant and Its Psychological Effects
(London: Kegan Paul, 1928), p. 28.
9 .: Victor A. Reko, Magische Gife, Rausch-und Betaubungsmittel der
neuen Welt (Berlin: Express Edition, 1987).
10 Richard Evans Schuttes, "Plantae Mexicanae, II: The Identification of
Teonanacati, a Narcotic Basidiomycete of the Aztecs", Botanical Museum
Leaflets of Harvard University (1939) 7:37-54. , . 286.
11 Alfred Jarry, Selected Works of Alfred lorry, Roger Shattuck and Simon
Watson Taylor, eds. (New York: Grove Press, 1965).
12 Albert Hofmann, LSD. My Problem Child (Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1983), p.
195

15.
13 Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception (New York: Harper, 1954), p. 33
.(. , .23).
14 Steven Szara in Psychotropic Drugs, S. Garattini and V. Ghetti, eds.,
(Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1957), p. 460.
15 Jay Stevens, Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream (New York:
Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987); Martin A. Lee and Bruce Shiain, Acid Dreams:
The ClA. LSD. and the Sixties Rebellion (New York: Grove Press, 1985).
16 Lee and Shiain, op. cit., p. xxi.
17 ???
18 A. Hoffer and H. Osmond, New Hope for Alcoholics (New York: University
Books, 1968).
19 Lester Grinspoon and James B. Bakalar, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered
(New York: Basic Books, 1979), p. 216.
20 Lee and Shiain, op. cit., p. 84.
21 Sophia Adamson, Through the Gateway of the Heart (San Francisco: Four
Trees Press, 1985).
15.
1 Jan G. Elferink, "Some Little-Known Hallucinogenic Plants of the
Aztecs", Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 20, no. 4.
2 Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner, The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual
Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead (New Hyde Park, N. Y.: University
Books, 1964).
3 Martin Moyniham, Communication and Noncommunication by Cephalopods
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985).
4 Hans Jonas, The Phenomenon of Life (New York: Dell, 1966), p. 238.
5 . G. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,
1953), p. 190.
6 Arnold S. Trebach, The Great Drug War (New York: Macmillan, 1987), p.
363.
:
1 Arthur Koestler, The Ghost in the Machine (New York: Macmillan, 1967),
p. 339.

196