SEX: What are the risks?

It can happen to you

Unplanned pregnancy STDs

Unplanned pregnancy
Between 800,000 and 900,000 female teenagers get pregnant each year 1 in 5 sexually active female teenagers gets pregnant each year 4 in 10 of all girls become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20

Did You Know?

Onlyabout20%of singleteen mothers eventuallymarry thefatheroftheir child Only about 30% of pregnant teenagers ever finish high school Teen fathers earn, on average, less money per year than male teens who delay fatherhood until age 20 or 21.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)

STDs are sexually transmitted diseases that can be spread by contact with someones infected Skin Mouth Penis Vagina Anus

DID YOU KNOW??

Half of all new sexually transmitted infections happen to people under age 25 Each year, 1 in 4 teens gets an STD 1 in 2 sexually active teens will get an STD by the age of 25

DID YOU KNOW??

The younger you start having sex, the more likely you are to get an STD. The more partners you have, the more likely you will get an STD. It doesnt matter whether youre having sexual intercourse, oral sex or naked rubbing. Having unprotected sex puts you at high risk of getting an STD. Male and female condoms protect against many STDs, but not all. Birth control, spermicides, and diaphragms only prevent pregnancy. You can get more than one STD at a time. You can get the same STD more than once.

Girls are at a higher risk!

Females have a large area of mucous membranes that can be exposed to infectious particles During intercourse, females receive a larger volume of potentially infected body fluid Cells on teenage cervix are more susceptible to infection than adult cervix

How are STDs spread?

Contact with bodily fluids of infected person (semen, vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk) Contactwithgenitals,skin,ormucous membranesofinfectedperson Direct contact with open sores Mother to baby before birth, during birth, or during breast-feeding

Are they all the same?

BACTERIAL STDs Can be cured by antibiotics Left untreated can cause serious damage Examples Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphillis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PVD)

VIRAL STDs
Cannot be cured Symptoms can be treated Examples Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Genital Herpes Hepatitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

PARASITIC STDs Can be cured with medicine Examples Pubic Lice Scabies Trichomoniasis

Chlamydia-

Also known as the silent disease 75% of women, and 50% of men show no symptoms

Bacterium that infects reproductive organs and causes mucous discharge Most reported STD Highest rates found in 15-19 year olds Can be passed from mother to child during childbirth

Symptoms
Pain during urination Vaginal/penis discharge Pelvic pain

Treatment
Antibiotics by both infected

If untreated
(F) Infertility,ectopic pregnancies, PID (M) Injured reproductive organs, swollen testicles (I) Illness, blindness

Gonorrhea
Symptoms Bacteriumthatinfects mucousmembranes Canbepassedtoinfant duringchildbirth Secondmostreported STD Women:15-19 Men:20-24
Pain during urination Vaginal/penis discharge Pain in abdomen

Treatment
Antibiotics (bacteria becoming resistant)

If Untreated
(W) PID (M) Scarring of urethra, swelling of testicles (I) Blindness, joint infection, blood infection

PelvicInflammatory Disease(PID)
Inflammation of upper female reproductive tract from bacterial infection from vagina Common and serious complication of some STDs Symptoms
Pain in abdomen Vaginal discharge Long/painful menstrual periods Fever/nausea

Treatment
Antibiotics (cannot repair damage done)

If Untreated
Scars in fallopian tube/uterus (causes infertility) Pelvic pain

Syphillis
Phase 1 (10-90 days later) Bacterium that causes Painless chancre ulcers or chancres Phase 2 (2-8 weeks later) Can spread through the Fever, rash, joint pain blood, damages nervous Phase 3 (2 or more years later) system/organs Heart/nervous system damage Can be passed to infants Possible death during childbirth Treated with antibiotics

Syphilis

Syphilis is often called the great imitator because so many of the signs and symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other diseases.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Viruses that cause genital warts Can cause cervical cancer in females Can also affect the mouth and throat About 50% of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. By age 50, at least 80% of women will have acquired genital HPV infection. Health experts estimate there are more cases of genital HPV infection than any other STI in the United States Symptoms
None Genital/Anal warts Abnormal pap smear

Treatment
No cure! Antiviral meds shorten outbreaks

If Untreated
(W) Higher risk of cervical cancer (M) Increased risk of genital cancers

6.2 million Americans get a new genital HPV infection each year

Genital Herpes (HSV)

Viral genital infection HSV-1 caused by Herpes Cold sores/blisters on mouth Simplex virus HSV-2 2 types Red
HSV-1 HSV-2 bumps/blisters/reoccurring sores around genitals

Both types can be passed to newborn infants

Treatments
No cure, antiviral meds may shorten outbreaks

Genital Herpes

Hepatitis
Inflammation of liver 5 different types, caused by 5 different viruses Hepatitis B and C can be sexually transmitted, life threatening Symptoms
Yellowing of skin (jaundice) Tiredness, muscle aches, fever Darkening of urine

Treatment
No cure, medications may stop spread of virus Vaccine for Hepatitis B

If untreated
Liver damage Liver failure Liver cancer Premature death

Parasitic STDS
Pubic Lice:
strain of lice found in pubic hair Spread by skin to skin contact

Scabies:
Tiny mites that burrow into the skin of infected person Spread by skin to skin contact

Trichomoniasis
STD caused by protozoan (single celled animal just a little larger than bacterium Female symptoms: Itching, discharge, painful urination Males usually have no symptoms

Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)

Virus that primarily infects cells of immune system and causes AIDS Infection multiplies in immune system cells, destroying the ability to fight off infection NO CURE! AIDS- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Caused by HIV infection Usually takes 5-10 yrs Cannot fight off illnesses that healthy persons immune system could easily defeat

What does HIV do to the body

Attacks Helper T Cells (CD4+) (white blood cells that activate immune response) Healthy person= 500-1500 helper T cells in a millimeter of blood AIDS= helper T cell count below 200 or opportunistic disease(illness due to organism that causes disease to people with weakened immune system) is present
Ex. Cancer or pneumonia

DID YOU KNOW?

In the U.S
About 1 million living with HIV or AIDS At least 40,000 people are infected each year Number of women living with HIV has tripled in last 20 yrs At least of all new infections are of people under the age of 25

DID YOU KNOW?

In the world
Pandemic- disease that spreads quickly through human populations all over the world Over 33 million live with HIV or AIDS Last year, 2.5 million people were infected with HIV Every day, over 6800 people become infected, almost 5 people per minute Every fifteen seconds, another person age 15-24 becomes infected with HIV

THE HISTORY OF HIV

First discovered in the U.S in late 70s/early 80s. Originally believed to be a homosexual disease Now scientists believe HIV came from central Africa
AIDS is leading cause of death in Africa More than 30% infected with HIV

HIV is NOT transmitted by

Casual contact
Touching Sharing towels, utensils, bedding Swimming pools Toilet seats

Kissing Sweat Tears Urine