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+
= is the golden ratio. The occurrence of the
golden rational should not be surprising due to the pentagonal and decagonal symmetry of the pattern.
2
36 16 5 0.22 = ~
3
0 =
Since the eigenvalue
6
1
4 = is irrational this subdivision rule will not result in a periodic tiling
when carried out to infinity and so this pattern will be nonperiodic.
5. Conclusion
The recent discoveries linking the medieval world of Islamic tilings with the modern world of
mathematical theory provide an interesting historical and cultural connection for further faculty and
student research projects. As a classroom tool, this intriguing history provides motivation to increase
student interest and excitement in mathematics, particularly, for students who share this history and
culture. In the future, new discoveries may continue to unlock the mystery of how these medieval artisans
developed and designed these beautifully intricate nonperiodic patterns and more may be learned about
their true level of mathematical sophistication and understanding.
References
[1] Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Marilyn Jenkins-Madina, Islamic Art and Architecture 6501250
Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 2001.
[2] Peter J. Lu and Paul J. Steinhardt, Decagonal and Quasi-crystalline Tilings in Medieval Islamic
Architecture. Science. Vol. 315, pp. 1106-1110, 2007.
[3] Peter J. Lu and Paul J. Steinhardt, Supporting Online Material for Decagonal and Quasi-crystalline
Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture. Retrieved on April 15, 2007 from
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1106/DC1.
[4] Alpay Ozdural, Mathematics and Art: Connections between Theory and Practice in the Medieval
Islamic World, Historia Mathematica. Vol. 27, pp. 171-201, 2000.
[5] Raymond F. Tennant, Islamic Constructions: The Geometry Needed By Craftsmen, BRIDGES
/ISAMA International Conference Proceedings, pp. 459-463, 2003.
[6] Raymond F. Tennant, Islamic Tilings of the Alhambra Palace: Teaching the Beauty of Mathematics,
Teachers, Learners and Curriculum, Vol. 2, pp. 21-25, 2004.