Which type of fruit juice provides the most vitamin C?

Aim of the experiment: The aim of this experiment was to investigate which juice (Blackcurrant/Apple/Lemon/Orange) provided the most energy, therefore which is the most popular antioxidant. Hypothesis: I predict that Blackcurrant juice will contain the most Vitamin C, as Blackcurrants are the fruits which are said to contain the most Vitamin C, therefore their juices will have more Vitamin C. Equipment: Range of fruit juices, including: Blackcurrant, Apple, Lemon, Orange Juices Standard Vitamin C Solution DCPIP 0.1% Pipette/burette/syringe Conical Flask/ Test tube Goggles White Tile Variable: The dependant variable in this experiment was the volume of juice needed to decolourise the DCPIP 0.1%, so we measured each time a drop of the vitamin C solution was added. Our independent variable was the different types of fruit juices, as this is the variable we changed each time we carried out the experiment. The different types of juices we used includes: black currant, orange, apple and lemon juices. The control variables, is the variable we kept the same in order to make this a fair test, and be able to derive accurate results from it. In this experiment, the control variables we kept the same was the volume of juice and DCPIP in each testube, this had to be the same otherwise we will get inaccurate results, because the volume of juice can affect how many drops needed for it to decolourise. The volume of the standard vitamin C solution was also kept the same, in order to achieve accurate results, because if there are fluctuations, then it fill affect the results. We also maintained a person for dropping the solution in, because if different people were doing it each time, the way there dropping the juice will change, as some people may exert more force than others, and also the way the hold the pipette. Another Control variable was maintaining the same person for observing and reporting the colour change, because every individual have different eye-sights and how they observe things.

Method: 1)Use a pipette to prepare a test tube with 1 cm3 of blue DCPIP solution. Prepare a 5 testube together. 2)Fill a syringe with the standard vitamin C solution. 3)Slowly (gently) add the vitamin C solution into the DCPIP test tube drop by drop. 4)After adding each drop, shake the contents. 5)Stop dropping when the blue colour disappears. The end point is taken when the blue solution suddenly becomes colourless. Record the number of drops of vitamin C solution required to decolourise the DCPIP solution. Repeat the experiment three times for each juice provided. Enter the results into the table. Results: Juice sample / standard vitamin C solution Trial one The number of drops of fruit juice required to decolourise 1cm3 of DCPIP solution Trial two Trial three AVERAGE

1. VITAMIN C 2. ORANGE 3. LEMON 4. BLACKCURRANT 5. APPLE

1 1 2 2 5

1 2 2 2 2

1 2 2 2 5

1 1.7 2 2 4

Results Presented In A graph:

Which type of fruit juice provides the most Vitamin C

4 3.5 Average 3 Number Of 2.5 Drop Needed 2 To Decolourise 1.5 1 DCPIP 0.5 0

1. VITAMIN C 2. ORANGE 3. LEMON 4. BLACKCURRANT 5. APPLE 1 Types Of Fruit Juices

Conclusion: My results table and graph, clearly show that Apple juice has the least amount of Vitamin C present in, as it needed an average of 4 drops to decolourise the DCPIP solution. Both Lemon and Blackcurrant juice have roughly the same amount of Vitamin C present in them, as they both needed an average of 2 drops to decolourise the solution. This means both lemon and blackcurrant has twice as more Vitamin C compared to Apple juice, as they only needed half as much drops to decolourise the solution. This proves that Orange Juice has the most Vitamin C present in it, because only 1.7 drops were needed to decolourise the solution, which is the least amount compared to all the other juices provided.

Evaluation. I feel the experiment produces reasonably reliable and accurate results on the whole, however I feel there were some limitations such as the number of repeats weve done, if we had done more than 3 repeats, I would personally find the results to be slightly more accurate, also there was only a variety of juices, so it was a very narrow results, as there may be other fruit juices which possibly have more vitamin C content than orange. One major mistake I made was that I forgot to rinse the syringe after using it, and used the same syringe on each juice, this may have cause my results to be inaccurate because there was a potential change of contamination building up as I experimented with the next type of juice. So in the future, I would wash all equipment with distilled water to kills any germs or contamination, try to do more repeats in the time allocated, and avoid rounding figures to much.