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PORTUGUESE oxtonas (stress on the last syllable) paroxtonas (stress on one before the last) proparoxtonas (stress on two before the last) stress on three before the last double stress caf, estudar, computador, refrigerador, etc. casa, modelo, Ipanema, comemorava, etc, fgado, metrpole, hemoflico, etc.
ENGLISH hotel, control, police, improve, exchange, etc. (only two-syllable words) video, English, important, united, revolution, etc. excellent, hospital, government, photograph, photographer, etc. approximately, significantly, intelligible, objectionable, etc. approximation, refrigerator,
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characteristic, category, necessary, dictionary, fundamental, introductory, overnight, Vietnamese, etc. Esta imprevisibilidade do acento tnico da palavra em ingls se constitui em mais um argumento contra o contato prematuro com textos escritos no ensino de ingls como lngua estrangeira no Brasil. This unpredictability of word stress in English is one more argument against early contact with the written text in the teaching of English in Brazil.
A) Words that end in _sion, _tion: stress is on the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before the last).
B) Palavras terminadas em _ic: o acento tnico recai sobre a slaba imediatamente anterior a esse sufixo. A palavra portanto ser sempre paroxtona.
B) Words ending in _ic: stress the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before the last).
C) Palavras terminadas em _ial: o acento tnico recai sobre a slaba imediatamente anterior a esse sufixo. A palavra portanto ser sempre paroxtona.
C) Words ending in _ial: stress the syllable before this ending (1 syllable before the last).
D) Words ending in _ially: stress the syllable before this ending (2nd syllable before the last).
E) Words ending in _ical: stress the syllable before this ending (2nd syllable before the last).
F) Words ending in _cy, _ty: stress is on the 2nd syllable before this ending.
G) Verbos compostos com os prefixos over_ ou under_ tm sempre tonicidade dupla, e normalmente levam o acento tnico primrio numa das slabas aps o prefixo.
G) Compound verbs with prefix over_ or under_: they always have double stress, and the primary stress is normally on one of the syllables which follow the prefix.
Understanding Syllables
To understand word stress, it helps to understand syllables. Every word is made from syllables. Each word has one, two, three or more syllables. word dog green quite dog green quite number of syllables 1 1 1
2 2 2 3 4 4
unexceptional un-ex-cep-tion-al 5 Notice that (with a few rare exceptions) every syllable contains at least one vowel (a, e, i, o or u) or vowel sound.
a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.) 2. We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally. 1 Stress on first syllable rule Most 2-syllable nouns example PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble
Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy 2 Stress on last syllable rule example
Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and class change with a change in stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress the second syllable, it becomes a verb (to offer). More examples: the words export, import, contract and object can all be nouns or verbs depending on whether the stress is on the first or second syllable. 3 Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end) rule Words ending in -ic example GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic
Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy. 4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)
rule
example
Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical
5 Compound words (words with two parts) rule For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part example BLACKbird, GREENhouse
For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part to underSTAND, to overFLOW