For Schlumberger Eureka Fluid Community Webinar, 2012

Gas Miscibility and PVTPro

Jack Zhu DBR Technology Center

Outlines
EOR and Gas Miscibility Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram Lab EOR Tests PVTPro for Lab EOR Tests Conclusions Acknowledgments

Introduction

Enhance Oil Recovery

2/3 of OOIP remaining after primary recovery EOR technologies Chemical Thermal Gas Injection 23% (89B bbl) of remaining oil can be recovery by CO2 injection

Data based on research result of 10 US regions

Recent EOR Activities

Picture from :Has the time come for EOR? Schlumberger Oil Field Review

A Typical Gas Injection Process - WAG

Gas Injection Goal Maximize Recovery Rate

Rock Properties (Wettability) Miscible and Immiscible
Ability of two or more substance to form a single homogeneous phase when mixed in all proportions.(1) IFT=0 when Miscible, No interface between phases First Contact Miscible Multi-Contact Miscible

SPE 15794-PA, L.W. Holm, UNOCAL Corp

Miscible Type
First Contact Miscible
First contact miscible, any amount gas can be injected and will exist as a single phase with oil in the reservoir.(C3,C4)

Multi-Contact/Dynamic Miscible
Vaporization, lean gas (C1,N2,CO2) travel through reservoir, vaporizing C1 of RF and finally the leading edge miscible with virgin oil Condensation, rich gas (C2) travel through reservoir give up heavier components to oil, when oil become sufficient enriched it is miscible with fresh injecting gas.
Condensation Miscible Vaporization Miscible

Gas

Transition zone

Oil

Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram

Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram

No 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 CO2 H2S N2 C1 C2 C3 i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5 C6 Mcyclo-C5 Benzene Cyclo-C6 C7 Mcyclo-C6 Toluene C8 C2-Benzene m&p-Xylene o-Xylene C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 C27 C28 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36+ Component MW lb/lbmol 44.01 34.08 28.01 16.04 30.07 44.1 58.12 58.12 72.15 72.15 84 84.16 78.11 84.16 96 98.19 92.14 107 106.17 106.17 106.17 121 134 147 161 175 190 206 222 237 251 263 275 291 305 318 331 345 359 374 388 402 416 430 444 458 472 486 520 Reservoir Fluid mole % 2.658 0.845 1.0951 19.3153 9.2759 8.9181 1.9731 5.2932 2.19 2.834 4.0079 0 0 0 4.3189 0 0 4.6969 0 0 0 4.1509 3.6999 3.009 2.472 2.131 1.796 1.762 1.484 1.21 1.125 1.06 0.937 0.843 0.74 0.616 0.568 0.502 0.462 0.434 0.393 0.369 0.334 0.296 0.276 0.248 0.23 0.209 1.222 CO2 mole % 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Light Intermediate Heavy

Tc<=304.3 K 304.3<Tc<=510.9 K Tc>510.9 K

Reservoir Fluid 0.2307 0.3534 0.4159

CO2 1 0 0

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Phase Envelope in Ternary Diagram

Multi-contact Vaporization Miscible

Condensation Miscible

Vaporization Miscible

Gas

Transition zone

Oil

Multi-contact Condensation Miscible

Condensation Miscible

Vaporization Miscible

Gas

Transition zone

Oil

Make Gas Flooding Miscible How?

Oil Composition

Change gas position in diagram

Gas Composition

Injection Pressure

Shrink phase envelope

Temperature

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Lab EOR Tests

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General Topics on Gas Miscibility

Pressure (MMP) Minimum Miscible Pressure Simulation (Vaporization/Condensation) Slimtube Test (MMP), Raising bubble Compositions (MMC) Enrich the gas Minimum NGL Addition Calculation Slimtube Test (MMC) Miscibility Verification (Multiple-Contact) Multi-Contact Simulation (Vaporization/Condensation) Multi Contact Test (Vaporization/Condensation)

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Slimtube Test For MMP or MMC

Change Pressure & Watch Liquid Recovery 50 hours for each step (except maintenance and calibration)

Slimtube MMP Determination

Multiple Contact Test

19 hours for each contact

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PVTPro for Gas Miscibility

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PVTPro Functions vs. Lab Jobs

PVTPro Function First Contact Solvent MMC/MMP Search Description Search for minimum NGL addition to dry gas Search for MMP or MMC for 2 mechanisms Slimtube test planning Test result presentation Lab Jobs

MC Mixing & Flash

Gas and oil multiple contact Multiple contact test simulation for 2 planning mechanisms Test result presentation Mixed property study with various mixing ratios Swelling test planning

Swelling Curve

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Example1: First Contact Solvent Search

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Example 2: MMP Searching

Condensation MMP Result

Vaporization MMP Result

Final Result =3499.3 psia

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MMP searching result will help to determine the pressure steps of slimtube test or raising bubble test

Example 3: Mixing and Flashing for Multiple Contact Test (Miscible)

Ensure the results can be used to draw a proper ternary diagram Plan the solvent mixing ratio by simulation Test result explanation and presentation

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Example 4: Mixing and Flashing for Multiple Contact Test (Immiscible)

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Example 5: Multiple Contact Test Experimental Data Presentation Ternary Phase Diagram

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Conclusions
Gas miscibility study plays an important role in EOR processes Ternary phase diagram is a useful tool in data interpretation PVTPro to be updated for Lab EOR tests

PVTPro with the enhanced module of gas miscibility will be available in H1, 2012 An evaluation license will be provided upon request to DBR Software

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Acknowledgment
Jenna Na Jia Dan Zhang Julian Zuo Shu Pan

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Questions and Comments?

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