APPENDIX

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

The analysis methods described in Chapter 4 are to be used to find out the bending moments, shear force, and deflection of beams and frames. However, in this Appendix, formulae are provided for calculating the same for some beams and simple frames, which can be used for the design of these structures.

A.D.2 Design of Steel Structures

Propped Cantilevers

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.3

A.D.4 Design of Steel Structures

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.5

A.D.6 Design of Steel Structures

Equal Span Continuous Beams Uniformly Distributed Loads (UDL) Moment = coefficient W L Reaction = coefficient W where W is the UDL on one span only and L is one span

Coefficients

k=

I2 I1

h L

N = 2k + 3

MB = MC = VA = VD =

wL2 4N

wL 2

wL2 + MB 8 MB HA = HD = h

Mmax =

MB = MC = VA =
3 wL 8

wL2 8N

VD =

wL 8

HA = HD =

MB h

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.7

MB = MC =

3 PL 8N

VA = VD =

P 2

HA = HD =

MB h

MB = MC = + VA = VD =
Ph L

Ph 2 P 2

HA = HD =

MB = MC = VA =

Pab 3 i 2N L
HA = HD =
MB h

Pb L

VD =

Pa L

MB = MC =

wh 2 k +1 4 2N wh 2 k - 1 4 2N
VA = VD =

HD =

MC h

HA = (wh HD)
wh 2 2L

A.D.8 Design of Steel Structures

Constant: a1 =

a h
+ 1 - 1

2 Pc (3 a1 - 1) k 2 N ( 3 a 2 - 1) k Pc 1 MC = 2 N Pc VD = L M1 = HAa

MB =

HA = HD =

Mc h

VA = P VD M2 = Pc HAa

Constant: a1 =

a h

MB = MC = HA = HD = M1 = HAa

2 Pc (3 a1 - 1) k

N Pc - MB
h

VA = VD = P M2 = Pc HAa

Coefficients: I2 h i k= I1 L N1 = k + 2 N2 = 6k + 1

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.9

MA = MD = Mmax =

wL2 12 N1

MB = MC =

wL2 wL + MB VA = VD = 8 2

wL2 = 2MA 6 N1 3 MA HA = HD = h

MA = MD = VD =

1 wL2 1 8 3 N1 8 N 2
1 wL2 1 + 8 3 N1 8 N2

MB = MC =

1 wL2 2 + 8 3 N1 8 N2 1 wL2 2 8 3 N1 8 N2

1 wL 18 4 N2

VA =

wL2 wL VD HA = HD = 8 hN1 2

MA = MD = +

PL 8 N1 P 2

MB = MC = 2MA
3 MA

VA = VD =

HA = HD =

A.D.10 Design of Steel Structures

MA =

Ph 3 k + 1 i 2 N2 Ph 3 k + 1 i 2 N2
P 2

MB = +

Ph 3 k i 2 N2 Ph 3 k i 2 N2
2 MB

MD = +

MC =

HA = HD =

VA = VD =

Constants: a1 = a/L

b1 = b/L M=
Pab L b1 - a1 1 + 2 N2 N1 b1 - a1 1 2 N2 N1
3 Pab 2 LhN1

MA = +

Pab L Pab L

b1 - a1 1 2 N2 2 N1 b1 - a1 1 + 2 N1 2 N2

MD = +

MC =

Pab L

a1 (b1 - a1 ) VA = Pb1 1 + N2

VD = P VA

HA = HD =

2k wh 2 k + 3 4 k + 1 wh 2 k MB = + 4 6 N1 N 2 4 6 N1 N2 2k wh 2 k + 3 4 k + 1 wh 2 k MD = MC = + 4 6 N1 N 2 4 6 N1 N2 wh (2 k + 3) wh 2 k HD = HA = (wh HD) VA = VD = 8 N1 LN 2

MA =

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.11

Constants: a1 =

a h

b1 =

b h

X1 =

Pc 2 [1 + 2b1k 3b1 (k + 1)] 2 N1 3 Pcka1 X3 =

X2 =

Pcka1(3 a1 - 2)
2 N1

N2

Pc M A = +X 1 - X3 2 Pc MD = +X1 + - X3 2 Pc X1 - X 2 + HA = HD = 2h h M1 = MA HAa

MB = +X2 + X3 MC = +X2 X3 VD = VA = P VD L M2 = MB + HDb

2 X3

Constants: a1 =

X1 =

Pcka1(3 a1 - 2) Pc 2 [1 + 2b1k 3b1 (k + 1)] X2 = 2 N1 2 N1 Pc 2 MA = MD = [1 + 2b1k 3b1 (k + 1)] = 2X1 N1 Pcka1(3 a1 - 2) MB = MC = = 2 X2 N1

HA = HD =
Pc + M A - MB h

a h

b1 =

b h

VA = VD = P M1 = MA HAa

M2 = MB + HDb

A.D.12 Design of Steel Structures

Constants: a1 =

a h

X1 =

3 Paa1k

MA = Pa + X1 MD = + Pa X1 2 X1 VA = VD = L

N2 MB = X1 M C = X 1
HA = HD = P

Coefficients: I2 h f i k= B= h I1 s m=1+B B = 3k + 2 C = 1 + 2m

K1 = 2(k + 1 + m + m2) R = BC k

K2 = 2(k + B 2) N2 = 3k + B

N1 = K1K2 R2

MA = ME =

wL2 k (8 + 15 B ) + B (6 - B ) i 16 N1
2 wL2 k (16 + 15 B ) + B i 16 N1

MB = MD = MC =

wL2 BMA + mMB 8 wL 2

VA = VE =

HA = HE =

M A - MB h

Bending Moment, Shear Force, and Deflection of Beams and Frames

A.D.13

Constants: X1 =

2 wh 2 k (k + 6) + kB (15 + 16 B ) + 6 B i 8 N1

X2 =

wh 2 k (9 B + 8 B 2 - k )
8 N1

X3 =

wh 2 (2 k + 1)
2 N2

MA = X1 X3 ME = X1 + X3

wh 2 - X3 MB = +X2 + 4 wh2 MD = +X2 - X3 4

MC = VA = VE =
2 X3 wh 2 + 2L L

whf + BX1 + mX2 4 wh X1 + X 2 HE = 4 h

HA = (wh HE)

a b b1 = h h Y1 = Pc[2B2 (1 3b2)k] Y2 = Pc[Bc (3a2 1)k] 1 1 Y1 K1 - Y2 R Y2 K 2 - Y1R Pc b - 3 (a1 - b1 )k i X1 = X2 = X3 = 2 N2 2 N1 2 N1

Constants: a1 =

MA = X1 X3 ME = X1 + X3 MC =

Pc MB = +X2 + - X3 2 Pc MD = +X2 - X3 2 BPc

4 M1 = MA HAa

+ BX1 + mX2

M2 = MB + HEb HA = HE =

VE =

Pc - 2X 3 L

VA = P VE

Pc X 1 + X 2 2h h

A.D.14 Design of Steel Structures

Constants: X1 =

wL2 k (8 + 15 B ) + B (6 - B ) i 32 N1

X2 = MA = +X1 X3

2 wL2 wL2 k (16 + 15 B ) + B i X3 = 32 32 N 2 N1 MB = X2 X3 ME = +X1 + X3 MD = X2 + X3

MC = VE =
wL 2 X 3 8 L

wL2 BX1 mX2 16 wL VE 2

VA =

HA = HE =

X1 + X 2 h

Constants: X1 =

wf 2 k (9 B + 4) + B (6 + B ) 8 N1

X2 =

2 wf 2 k (8 + 9 B ) - B i 8 N1

MA = X1 X3 ME = X1 + X3 MC = VA = VE =
wfh (2 + B)
2L + 2 X3

wfh 4 b + B i 8 N2 wfh MB = +X2 + - X3

X3 =
2 wfh MD = +X2 - X3 2

wf 2 + BX1 + mX2 4 X1 + X 2 wf HE = 2 h

HA = (wf HE)

Source: Kleinlogel, A., Rahmenformeln, 11th edn, Verlag von Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn., Berlin, 1949.