The DTNFC is characterized by sinusoidal stator flux and current waveforms.

The whole control system is based on the only one controller with PWM vector modulator. There are no hysteresis controllers what allow digressing of the sampling time. Moreover, the DTNFC system is characterized by the advantages: constant switching frequency and uni-polar voltage PWM voltage thanks to separate PWM block, low torque and current distortion, no current and torque distortion caused by sector changes, very fast torque and flux response, no problems low speed operation, lower sampling time, simple tuning procedure, possible on-line tuning,

The proposed DTNFC scheme has the following features and advantages: only one controller which can be realize in single-processor system, very fast torque dynamic, comparable with classical DTC, very fast flux dynamic what allow to use the controller for energy efficient systems, constant switching frequency and uni-polar voltage thanks to separate PWM block, absence of distortions caused by sector change as in classical DTC, low torque and current distortions, simple auto-tuning procedure based on gradient algorithm, possible simple and no time consuming manual tuning, no problems during low speed operation thanks to the separate PWM modulation block, low required sampling time if compared with the ASC600 drive where the variable are sampled with 25s, possible on-line tuning thanks to neuro-fuzzy control structure, Thanks to all of these advantages a drive with the described control structure is suitable to almost all-industrial applications. Especially thanks to the direct flux and torque control the method can be successfully used in electrical vehicles (for example 4.1 Direct torque control based fuzzy logic

The principle of fuzzy direct torque control (FDTC) consists to replace, in conventional DTC, the torque and stator flux hysteresis controllers and the switching table by a fuzzy system. In this case, two approaches can be presented to illustrate the strategy of FDTC of the induction motor fed by two-level inverter. We can consider three variables input fuzzy logic controllers; the stator flux error, electromagnetic torque error and angle of stator flux, however, the choice of the output deferred according to the approach utilized. The output could be the voltage space vector, for FDTC based PWM, or the magnitude and argument of voltage vector for space vector modulation

The Adaptive NF inference system controller combines fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks to evaluate the reference voltage required to drive the flux and torque to the demanded values within a fixed time period [4]. This evaluation is per- formed using the electromagnetic torque and stator flux magnitude errors together with the stator flux angle. This calculated voltage is then synthesis using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). To generate the desired reference voltage using this scheme, the Adaptive NF inference system controller acts only on the amplitude. A proposed modification of this scheme is to design a Adaptive NF inference system controller to act on both the amplitude and the angle of the reference voltage components. All the schemes cited above use a PI controller for speed control. The use of PI controllers to command a high performance directs torque controlled induction motor drive is often characteristic by an overshoot during start up. This is mainly caused by the fact that the high value of the PI gains needed for rapid load disturbance rejection generates a positive high torque error [12]. This will let the DTC scheme take control of the motor speed driving it to a value corresponding to the reference stator flux. At start up, the PI controller acts only on the error torque value by driving it to the zero borders. When this border is crossed, the PI controller takes control of the motor speed and drives it to the reference value. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of a variable gains PI controller (VGPI) [14]. A VGPI controller is a generalization of a classical PI controller where the proportional and integrator gains vary along a tuning curve. In this paper, a variable gain PI controller is used to replace the classical PI controller in the speed control of a modified direct torque neural fuzzy controlled induction machine drive where the ANFIS of the DTNFC acts on both the amplitude and the angle of space vector components [16].