EE 5376/7376: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS HOMEWORK #1 Maximum Points: 30 1.

Which Layer in the TCP/IP architecture is concerned with : a) The exchange of data between a computer and the network to which it is attached b) Data reliability and correct sequencing c) Routing and delivery across network for 2 end systems attached to the same network d) Routing and delivery across network for 2 end systems attached to different networks e) Logic needed to support the various user applications, with each different type of application requiring a different module f) Physical interface between a data communication device and a transmission device and a transmission medium or network (3 points)

2. What is the term used for the set of rules or conventions governing the way in which two entities cooperate to exchange data? What is the term used for the software structure that implement communication function, and consists of a layered set of protocols with one or more protocols at each layer? (1 point)

3. A PDU is the combination of data from the next higher communications layer and control information. A network has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled (wasted) with headers? (3 points)

4. What is the term used for a device that operates at the network layer of the OSI layer to connect dissimilar networks? Which Protocol is used at the network layer in the TCP/IP architecture? (1 point)

5. What is the currently most popular version of IP? How many bits are used for an address in this version of IP?

The next to be deployed version of IP? How many bits are used for an address in this next popular version of IP? If the population of the world is expected to stabilize at 10 billion, how many addresses per person would be available in this next version of IP? (3 points)

6. One protocol data unit (PDU) in layer N is encapsulated in a PDU at layer (N 1). It is also possible to break one N-Level PDU into multiple (N 1) Level PDUs (segmentation) or to group multiple N-Level PDUs into one (N 1) Level PDU (Blocking). (2 points) a) In the case of segmentation, is it necessary that each (N 1)- Level segment contain a copy of the N-Level header? b) In the case of blocking is it necessary that each N-level PDU retain its own header, or can the data be consolidated into a single N-level PDU with a single N-level header?

7. What service does UDP provide on top of IP if any? It is said that in order to understand what a protocol does, one should look at that protocols header fields. What fields do TCP and UDP headers have in common. What functionality do these common fields provide? (3 points)

8. Suppose that a certain network protocol involves 120 bytes for every packet header (over-head). We send 1 million bytes of data using this protocol. However, one data byte is corrupted and the entire packet containing it is thus lost. The lost packet is retransmitted. Give the total number of Bytes sent including overheads and lost bytes, for packet data sizes (payloads) of 1000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 bytes. Which size is best? (4 points) 9. For this problem, use Google to search for your answers. Search for the following network topologies. What are the strengths and weaknesses of these network topologies: (5 points) a) A STAR with a central switch b) A BUS: c) A RING: d) DOUBLE RING e) Fully interconnected 10. Suppose a 100-Mb/s transmission link is set up between Earth and a new moon colony. The distance from the moon to Earth is approximately 385,000 km, and data travels over the link at

the speed of light (3*10^8 m/s). (a) Calculate the minimum roundtrip time (RTT) for the link. (b) Using the RTT as the delay, calculate the delay x bandwidth product for the link. (c) What is the significance of the delay x bandwidth product? (d) A camera on the lunar base takes pictures of Earth and saves them in digital format. Suppose Mission Control on Earth wishes to download an image which is 12.5 MB. What is the minimum amount of time that will elapse between when the request for the data goes out and the transfer is finished? (5 points)