Co-Op at Centennial: Your Guide To Co-Op Education and Future Employment

Co-op at Centennial
Your guide to co-op education and future employment

5th Edition
Cooperative Education and Employment Resources
Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Education and Future Employment, 5th Edition Dec. 2009 Produced by the Co-operative Education and Employment Resources Department of Centennial College P.O. Box 631, Station A, Toronto, Ontario Canada M1K 5E9 Telephone: 416-289-5000 ext. 2524 Email: cooped@centennialcollege.ca Web Site: www.centennialcollege.ca/coop No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Centennial College. This guide includes a number of links to various online employment education resources and job posting Web sites which were valid at the time of printing. Since links are often modified, we invite our readers to consult our online version of Co-op at Centennial for the latest URL updates. Our online guide can be accessed at www.centennialcollege.ca/coop.
Forward
Welcome To Co-op At Centennial College
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. If you work hard and enjoy the effort, success and satisfaction are sure to follow. When you leave the classroom setting and enter the work world, it is sometimes difficult to adjust to meeting the demands of your supervisors and co-workers. We, in the Co-op office, will assist you with this transition and help you to become both a successful and productive employee. However, the scope and depth of your learning will vary with your own commitment. Good luck and we look forward to an enjoyable three years. - Kathleen Winningham Manager, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources
How This Book Is Organized

This book is the required text for COOP221 - Employment Preplacement, the course every co-op student must take in preparation for their first work term. It contains information on procedures and processes which co-op students need to know. Two chapters are devoted solely to co-op (Co-op at Centennial, The Work Term Report) while other chapters will be useful to you both as a co-op student and later on as a graduate searching for your first permanent job. We hope that you will find this book useful, not just as a tool to help you succeed in COOP221, but also as an essential job search guide which leads you to employment now and in the future.
Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources
Table of Contents
Co-opAt Centennial ....................................................................................... 1
Why Choose Co-op? ............................................................................................................... 3 Who Will Find Me a Job? ........................................................................................................ 3 ATeam Effort .......................................................................................................................... 4 The Steps in the Process - What You Need to Do ..................................................................... 5 How toApply to Co-op Jobs .................................................................................................... 7 Policies - The Rules of the Game ............................................................................................. 7 Your QuestionsAnswered ..................................................................................................... 10 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Co-op ................................................................................... 12
Your First Step: Who Am I ? ......................................................................... 13
Some Questions to Consider ................................................................................................. 15 DevelopYour Skills Inventory .............................................................................................. 16 AFew Interesting LinksAbout SelfAssessment ................................................................... 17 What Are Employers Looking For? ..................................................................................... 17 Cultural Competence - Skills for a Globalized Workplace .................................................... 18 Some ThingsYou Need to Know ........................................................................................... 21 Sources .................................................................................................................................. 21 Using the Internet as Your Source for Research..................................................................... 22 Informational Interviews ...................................................................................................... 23 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Informational Interviews ..................................................... 25 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Salary Information ...............................................................25
Get Informed: Research! Research! Research! ............................................ 19
Market Yourself: The Tools You Need .......................................................... 27
The Resume .......................................................................................................................... 29 What to Include ..................................................................................................................... 29 Possible Resume Headings ................................................................................................... 31 Focus on Transferable Skills ................................................................................................. 32 ResumeVerbs ........................................................................................................................ 33 Which Format to Use ............................................................................................................ 34 Other ResumeTips ................................................................................................................ 35
vi
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Resumes .............................................................................. 35 Sample Combination Resume ............................................................................................... 36 Sample Functional Resume ................................................................................................... 38 Sample Chronological Resume ............................................................................................. 40 Electronic and Scannable Resumes ....................................................................................... 42 Electronic or Scannable Resume - Whats the Difference? ................................................... 42 How to Prepare an E-Resume ................................................................................................ 42 SendingYour E-Resume ....................................................................................................... 44 When to Use an Electronic Resume ...................................................................................... 45 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Electronic Resumes ............................................................. 45 Sample Plain Text Resume with Keyword Summary ............................................................ 46 The Cover Letter ................................................................................................................... 47 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Cover Letters ....................................................................... 48 Sample Cover Letter ............................................................................................................. 49 The Portfolio ......................................................................................................................... 50
Your Job Search Strategy: Looking For Work .............................................. 51
WhereAre the Jobs? .............................................................................................................. 53 TheAdvertised Job Market ................................................................................................... 53 Enhancing Your Chances in the Advertised Job Market ........................................................ 54 Dont Stop There! Beyond Job Postings ................................................................................ 54 The Hidden Job Market ......................................................................................................... 54 Networking ........................................................................................................................... 55 Researching Potential Openings ........................................................................................... 57 Targeted Mailing Campaigns ................................................................................................ 58 Sample Networking Cover Letter ......................................................................................... 60 Cold Calling -Yes, In Person! ............................................................................................... 61 Why a Calling Card? ............................................................................................................. 61 Telephone Campaigns ........................................................................................................... 62 A Few Interesting Links About Job Search Strategies ........................................................... 64
Online Job Search: Using The Internet ......................................................... 65
The Online Job Search .......................................................................................................... 67 Researching Online ............................................................................................................... 67 Finding Jobs Online .............................................................................................................. 68 CompanyWebsites ................................................................................................................ 68 Job Posting and Resume Database Web Sites ........................................................................ 69 A Few Interesting Links About Job Posting and Resume Databases ..................................... 69 Online Classifieds, Newsgroups, Mailing Lists and Web Forums ......................................... 70 Online Networking ............................................................................................................... 71 Think Before you Post: Dont Jeopardize your Job Search.....................................................74 Dont Get Caught In CyberSpace! ......................................................................................... 74
vii Get the Job: The Interview ............................................................................ 75

Great News - You Have an Interview! ................................................................................... 77 Be Prepared ........................................................................................................................... 77 Your Interview Kit ...What to Take With You ........................................................................ 78 First Impressions Count ........................................................................................................ 79 Telephone Interviews ............................................................................................................ 79 Tell MeAboutYourself ...................................................................................................... 80 The Behavioural Based Interview ......................................................................................... 81 WhatAreYourWeaknesses? ............................................................................................. 82 Other QuestionsYou May BeAsked ..................................................................................... 82 They CantAskThat, CanThey? ........................................................................................... 83 Accommodation ................................................................................................................... 84 Testing ................................................................................................................................... 84 Do You HaveAny Questions For Us? ................................................................................ 86 ClosingThe Deal ................................................................................................................... 86 AWordAbout References ..................................................................................................... 87 AFew Interesting LinksAbout Interviews ............................................................................ 87 Interview Follow Up: The ThankYou Letter ......................................................................... 88 The Job Offer ......................................................................................................................... 89 Making Rejection a Positive Experience ............................................................................... 90 Tips for Success ..................................................................................................................... 93 You Need anAttitudeAdjustment! ........................................................................................ 94 Email Etiquette ...................................................................................................................... 95 Staying Connected - Social Networking ............................................................................... 96 Diversity and Global Citizenship at Work ............................................................................. 98 Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................. 99 How to Set Objectives ........................................................................................................... 99 Objectives are SMART....................................................................................................... 100 Make Learning Objectives Work on the Job ........................................................................ 100 Employer Expectations ....................................................................................................... 101 Meeting Expectations ......................................................................................................... 101 Performance Evaluations .................................................................................................... 101 You Have ExpectationsToo! ............................................................................................... 104 AFew Interesting LinksAbout On-The-Job Success .......................................................... 104 The Purpose of the Work Term Report ................................................................................ 107 Selecting theTopic .............................................................................................................. 107 Confidential Reports ........................................................................................................... 107 Components of the Work Term Report ................................................................................ 108 Evaluation and Grading ....................................................................................................... 110
On-The-Job Success ..................................................................................... 91
The Work Term Report ............................................................................... 105
viii
SampleWorkTerm Report ...................................................................................................112 Work Report Evaluation Forms ........................................................................................... 119
Summary: ThingsTo Remember ................................................................ 121
Co-op at Centennial
Your guide to co-op education and future employment
Co-op At Centennial
Why Choose Co-op?
Co-op education has proven to be an excellent system for career education. What will you get out of it? It provides you with the opportunity to: The Basics Apply classroom theory in the workplace Obtain experience in your chosen field or assist you in making your career choice before you graduate Identify on-the-job strengths and weaknesses to be reinforced or remedied before full-time employment Learn to work with others Earn while you learn Successful completion of a Co-op Education program enables you to be very marketable upon graduation. In fact, the program gives you a head start in obtaining a job (a high percentage of graduates actually accept full-time positions with a previous co-op employer).
Who Will Find Me A Job?

Co-op Administrators work closely with a wide variety of companies to expand the Colleges ties with industry and develop jobs for our co-op students. However, the Co-op Education Department does NOT guarantee that any individual student will be placed. It is up to each student to do everything possible to ensure a workplacement either through a competition for jobs made available by the Co-op Department or through jobs found on your own. In addition to applying to the jobs posted by the Co-op Department, you should use the job search tips found in this book to assist you in searching for a job on your own.
The Basics
A Team Effort
Star Move Once accepted into the Co-op program, both you and the Co-op Administrators have key roles to play in the Co-op process. It is a team effort and as such, any winning team must have: Constant two-way communication Commitment Best effort output Adherence to policy - PLAY BY THE RULES Responsibilities of Co-op Administrators Provide in-class direction to prepare you for interviews and the expectations of the workplace Seek out and obtain jobs applicable to the specific disciplines Provide individual counselling and assistance, if necessary Visit students on the job and be available on campus to discuss any of your questions or concerns Responsibilities of Students Apply only to jobs that you are interested in and which are in locations that you can get to, however, be as flexible as possible to increase your options and chances of finding employment (remember the co-op posi tion is not permanent and is meant to introduce you to your field) Actively apply to the jobs posted on PlacePro and conduct your own job search; those students who are active are the ones who get the jobs! Begin your job search early - a number of our best employers post jobs early in the semester Attend all scheduled interviews (reschedule any interview that conflicts with an exam in advance) Accept the position that is offered to you (you have the option to refuse one job offer within 48 hours of the offer being made) Conduct yourself in a professional manner during interviews and at your place of work Attend all appointments with Co-op Administrators (Unplaced Interviews, Back to Campus Interviews - see The Steps in the Process) Fulfill both work term and academic requirements Communicate any problems or concerns to Co-op Administrators before any action is taken
Co-op is a team effort - make sure you hold up your end

Remember
Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment
The Steps In The Process - What You Need To Do

The co-op process is not difficult. However there are a number of steps in the process. Make yourself familiar with the process and be aware of what you are responsible for. Action
Before Your Co-op Work Term Complete the Co-op Application form (this form will be given to you in the first class of the Co-op course or you may obtain a form at the Co-op office Prepare your resume using the suggestions provided by your Co-op instructor. Leave one copy of your final draft with the Co-op office. Order a copy of your transcript in case employers require it as part of your application Apply to as many job postings as you wish by submitting copies of your resume, following the application process (see page 7). Your resume, along with those of other co-op students who have applied to the job, will be sent to employers for selection of candidates for interview (there is NO guarantee that you will be selected for an interview). Interview schedules will be posted once the employer selects candidates. If you have been selected for an interview contact the Co-op office to schedule a time. Attend all interviews scheduled for you. At the completion of the interview, employers let the Co-op office know of their choice. If you are offered a position you have the option to accept or decline within 48 hours. This applies only to the first job offer - students may only decline one position per semester. You are expected to accept the second offer. You will be asked to sign a letter of acceptance which is sent to the employer. You should contact your co-op employer to confirm your start date and work hours. Work terms typically start at the beginning of the following semester. If you have found a job on your own, obtain a letter from your employer, on company letterhead, stating your job description, start and end dates, work hours and supervisors name. Take this letter to the Co-op office so that we can approve your job as a Co-op work term. If you have not been placed after three months into the semester, you will be scheduled to attend an Unplaced Interview with a Co-op Administrator. Information gathered during this interview is important for your success in finding a work term.
During Your Co-op Work Term As part of your work term requirements you must complete a work term report (see page 107) and you must have your employer evaluate your performance (see page 101). After Your Work Term After your work term you will resume your studies on campus. Check your email messages or the Co-op bulletin board for the scheduled time of your Back-To-Campus Interview with your Co-op Administrator. It is very important that you attend this interview to discuss your plans for your next co-op work term and your current status with your previous co-op employer. Submit your work term report (see page 107) to the Co-op Department on or before the required due date (normally one week after the first day of classes). Ensure your employer completes the Performance Evaluation (see page 101) and submits it to the Co-op office. Final grades for your work terms are calculated based on 60% from your employers evaluation of your performance and 40% from the work term report.
Co-op is learning by doing Learning... About life, how to learn about others, about careers, about oneself, to be responsible to think independently, to plan...and to follow through.
Remember
How To Apply To Co-op Jobs
Action
Co-op positions are posted on PlacePro, our co-op student information system, beginning about one month after the start of the academic term. New postings continue throughout your academic term. You view the available positions and apply online to jobs for the upcoming work term using PlacePro. You are released to view and apply to jobs shortly after you enroll in COOP 221 (the Employment Preplacement course) or after each work term when you attend your Back-To-Campus interview with your Co-op Administrator. Detailed instructions for registering on PlacePro, verifying your personal data, uploading your resume, and viewing and applying to jobs are provided in the PlacePro Student User Guide which can be found on the Co-op departmental website. Please read these instructions carefully. Job postings expire every two or three days (please note the deadline date and time). It is important that you check on a regular basis (i.e. every other day) for new postings. Employer interview schedules are posted as they are received from the employer. If you have been selected for an interview you must contact the Co-op Department to schedule your interview time. YOU ARE EXPECTED TO ATTEND ALL SCHEDULED INTERVIEWS. ANY INTERVIEW TIMES THAT CONFLICT WITH EXAMS/TESTS SHOULD BE RESOLVED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CO-OP DEPARTMENT. If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline. You may only decline one job offer per semester.
Remember
To increase your chances of getting a placement you should look for jobs on your own as well.
Policies - The Rules Of The Game

First and foremost we would like to encourage all students to keep an open line of communication with the Co-op Administrators. We want to assist you with your concerns about any co-op position (i.e. location, salary, family commitments, etc). We would encourage these discussions to happen before the interview, so that timely solutions for the student and good employer relations can be maintained. Star Move Each student concern is reviewed on an individual basis. Final decisions are made ONLY after discussion with the student.
Work Terms Defined A co-op work term is normally expected to provide four months (16 weeks) of full-time, paid employment during which the student will be doing work related to their field of study and be directed and supervised by the employer. If unforeseen circumstances arise, the work term must be at least 12 weeks in duration to be eligible to earn a co-op course credit. Students must complete all three work terms in a sequence on the model route. Entry into second and third work terms is dependent upon successful completion of courses and previous work term(s). See Contiuation Standards on page 9. Salaries are market-driven, vary by employer and are reflected in the salary survey published each year by the Co-op Department. Normally the Co-op department will not advertise unpaid (volunteer) co-op positions unless they present a unique opportunity for career development. However, if a student arranges an unpaid (volunteer) co-op work term related to their field of study on their own, it will be accepted for credit provided other expectations for a co-op work term are met. The volunteer work term must provide full-time employment for four months and a quality work experience for the student. A student who accepts volunteer co-op employment for a work term must contact the Co-op Department immediately to have the work term authorized by the department and to arrange workplace accident insurance coverage (provided by the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities). Placement Assistance Conditions All students are encouraged to discuss any questions and concerns about the job postings with a Co-op Administrator before the job deadline or immediately after the interview. However, students must find their own placement and WILL NOT have placement assistance from the Co-op office for a particular work term if the following occurs: Students miss an interview without adequate reason Students do not accept a job offer within 48 hours (students are allowed to decline one position per semester) Students fail to act in a professional manner during the interview process Students fail to honour their commitment to a double or subsequent work term Students do not apply to positions advertised by the Co-op Department
The Basics
Job Acceptance Conditions When a student has accepted a position with an employer it is the understanding of all concerned that it is the STUDENTS RESPONSIBILITY to complete the work term as agreed. If at any time between accepting the employment offer and completing the work term the students situation should change, under no circumstances should any action be taken until the student confers with a Co-op Administrator. Students may not be allowed to continue in the Co-op program and may receive an F for the applicable work term at the decision of the Manager of the Co-op Education Department if any of the following occurs: A student fails to report to work for a previously confirmed position. A student quits a position before discussing the problem with a Co-op Administrator. A student is let go by an employer for just cause. Continuation Standards As a co-op student you have already completed the requirements to enter the Co-op program. However, there are more requirements that you must meet in order to remain in the program, continue going out on work terms and graduate as a co-op student. Students will not be allowed to continue to the next co-op work term if any or all of the following occur: Cumulative GPA is less than the program standard. More than two courses are being carried forward to the next semester. Appropriate prerequisite co-op courses are not completed. Student has failed to make the appropriate fee payments. Student is on academic probation Student receives an F on their work term Students will not be credited for a particular work term if any of the following occur: Student accepts a position then refuses to honour the commitment before the start of the work term. Student does not submit a work report Student submits a work report, but breaches the Colleges academic honesty and plagiarism policy
Remember
10 Your Questions Answered

What can I do if I dont get a co-op job? If you arent placed for a work term you may choose to: (a) take the term off (b) accept unrelated work for the four month period OR (c) return to school to take more courses. However good co-op positions often surface after the start of the work term. Does a co-op job have to be full-time? Yes! Usually 35 to 40 hours per week. Can I find my own job? Centennial College encourages you to seek your own co-op job. If you are successful in securing a co-op position using your own contacts the job must be full-time, provides work related to your major and is paid employment. In order for the college to approve such a position you will need to provide the Co-op Department with a job description on company letterhead that outlines the anticipated job duties, the start and stop dates of the work term and the supervisors name. Why do I have to pay a co-op fee? All co-op activities at Centennial including marketing of our programs to employers, providing personal assistance to students, teaching co-op preplacement classes and visiting students on-the-job are paid for by co-op fees. If I am offered a job, do I have to accept it? If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline the offer. However, students may only decline ONE position per semester. If a student declines more than one offer, he/she will no longer be able to use the services of the Co-op Department. What if the job postings are not exactly what I want to do? We try very hard to get the variety of jobs that students would like, but we cant read your minds or guarantee that there are jobs available in every specific area. A job is what you make it. A student may change the direction/responsibilities of a job after he/she has acquired it either on the current or a future work term. Often, the actual job is better than how it appeared in the job description. You can help by sourcing jobs in your area of interest. You may think that
Research
you want to work in one area, but part of your career path should allow you to be flexible to try a variety of tasks. How can you be sure of your specific interest until youve tried a few? This is a learning process, as most of your career will be, and most jobs will provide you with at least some related experience. What if a better job comes along later, after I have been placed? All placements are final. Remember that we have a commitment to the employer. You must remember that even in the regular interviewing process (i.e. full-time employment) you never know if a better job will come up after you have accepted the first one. The idea is the same with this process. Our aim is to get all students a job in the field they are studying. To accomplish this, once you have a placement it must be yours so that we can concentrate on the students still to be placed. If I dont like my co-op job what should I do? Discuss your concerns with your supervisor or call our office. Why are many jobs far away? Good co-op jobs exist all around the GTA and beyond. The more willing and flexible you are to travel or relocate, the more co-op opportunities will be available to you. Can I put off my work terms until the end of my program? No! Co-op work terms should alternate with study. Do I have to complete all three work terms? Yes! All work terms must be completed to achieve a co-op diploma unless special permission is obtained from the Co-op Department. If my employer wants me to stay on for a double work term can I? Maybe. School of Business programs allow some flexibility for double work terms but Engineering Technology programs do not. You should contact your Co-op Administrator and Faculty Advisor to decide what is best for you. Are co-op employers likely to hire co-op graduates? Yes! Many of our co-op students get hired full-time by their co-op employer after graduation and employers consider co-op an excellent way to attract and assess potential future employees.
11
Remember
Is it likely that I will be invited back for my next work term by my employer? Yes! If you do a good job, most employers will be happy to have you return. Both Centennial College, Cooperative added experience you will bring of you will benefit from the Education and Employment Resources
12
Your Co-op Administrators would be happy to discuss any suggestions or concerns you may have.
Cyber-Search
A Few Interesting Links About Co-op...

www.centennialcollege.ca/coop www.cafce.ca www.ewo.ca
Your first step:

Who am I?
Your First Step:

Who am I?
The first step in a successful job search is a thorough assessment of yourself - your skills and interests. Why bother? With this information you will be able to identify and research opportunities, write an effective resume and cover letter, know what you have to offer an employer and handle an interview with confidence.
The Basics
Some Questions To Consider:

What is important to me? diversity/inclusion leadership continued learning creative activities helping others equity/social justice security responsibility challenge money
Research
What are my personality strengths? enthusiasm honesty self-confidence initiative dependability resourcefulness persistence hardworking respectful inclusive of others What kind of work environment do I want? in an office in an industrial setting outdoors one that is inclusive/equitable What type of work do I want? clerical creative manual technical scientific social service serving the public enterprising
16
Develop Your Skills Inventory

It is important to identify yourself to potential employers in a way that is relevant to them. Employers want to know what you can do for their company based on your accomplishments, education and training, work experience, knowledge and abilities. In other words, why should they hire you? Integral to all this is knowing what your skills are. A guide to building a Skills Inventory: Think about Outcomes: Past accomplishments What you did, how you did it, why you did it, what the results were, what you learned Think about Transferable Skills. These are skills that may have been developed through your academic background, paid or volunteer work experience and extra curricular activities. Transferable skills can be used in any setting: Writing Presentation Languages Communication Decision-making Customer service Teamwork Goal setting Problem solving Leadership Motivating Time management Interpersonal Cultural knowledge Organization A more exhaustive list of transferable skills is available on page 32. Think about Self-Management Skills (rooted in attitude and behaviour) such as: Honesty Adaptability Assertiveness Responsibility Integrity Ethics Initiative Humour Self confidence Self-aware Respectful Value diversity Think about Specific Work Content Skills (skills related to your field) such as: Computer/software Baking Laboratory work Accounting Nursing Translation Waste management Graphic design System analysis
Action
A Few Interesting Links About Self Assessment

www.conferenceboard.ca/education/learning-tools/employability-skills.htm www.quintcareers.com/transferable_skills.html careerpathsonline.com/employment-options.cfm www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/brochure/youjob/ www.rileyguide.com/assess.html assessment.monster.ca/ www.nextsteps.org/career/selfex.html
17
Cyber-Search
Remember
You have to know who you are and what skills you have to offer before you can sell yourself to a potential employer.
What Are Employers Looking For?

So what do employers want? Recent employer surveys conducted by various organizations indicate that recruiters seek the following skills, regardless of the position or the work environment: Research Initiative/self-directed and motivated Interpersonal abilities Written and verbal communication skills General competence with microcomputer applications (i.e. word processing, spreadsheets, etc..) Teamwork Organization Analysis and problem solving/thinking skills Flexibility and adaptability Cultural competence (see the following page) Time management Accountability Continuous learning Find more information on the skills that employers seek at these sites: www.makingcareersense.org www15.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca
18
Cultural Competence - Skills for a Globalized Workplace

You know that Canada is a multicultural society made up of a multitude of cultures, religions, races and belief structures. Youve also heard about the increasingly global marketplace with corporations expanding into new markets around the world and hiring employees from diverse places. Does this relate to what employers are looking for in their potential employees? In fact it does. In the face of this globalization and multiculturalism, cultural competence is an important skill that many employers are looking for today. Cultural competence is commonly defined as a set of congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals (for example in a place of work) and enables that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. Characteristics of employees who can contribute to an organizations cultural competence include the ability to effectively operate in different cultural contexts, adaptability, openness, flexibility, and self-awareness to assess how their own actions and beliefs affect others. Employers are looking for people who value diversity, support inclusion and equity and who are knowledgeable of other cultures and cultural dynamics. If you are someone who has had interaction with people from various backgrounds, be it at work, school or in your personal life, it is likely that you already have a solid foundation for cultural competence. Pair that with the Signature Learning Experience you are obtaining from Centennial College, and you are well on your way to being prepared to work in a globalized environment. Be sure to value and promote any international experience and education you may have. Corporations need to remain relevant and competitive in this diverse environment. Your knowledge of the business functions, culture or language of another country may be the key to assisting an employer in penetrating an international market or targeting a specific customer base. Your ability to adapt your behaviours when working with people of other cultures and understanding of the cultural dimensions that motivate others will go a long way in ensuring that an organization is effective - both internally among employees and externally with clients and business partners. Think about the way you have interacted with your classmates during group projects. Look around the College at the number of ethnicities and religions represented here, and consider the interplay of respect, flexibility and inclusion that must occur to ensure a harmonious learning environment. Remember the principles of global citizenship that were embedded in the Signature Learning Experience GNED500 course. This is cultural competence at work. Be sure to market this important skill to potential employers!
The Basics
Star Move
Get informed:
Research! Research! Research!
Research! Research! Research!

Now that you have completed your self-assessment you probably have a good idea of which industry or field you are interested in. You now have to investigate these areas and researching here is key. The more you know about your industry the more youll know about the options and opportunities out there and how to get them. The Basics Remember too that you will be expected to know and speak about your field and the position you are looking for when you meet with employers.
Get Informed:
Some Things You Need To Know

What entry-level positions are available in my field? What are the key trends and issues in this field? In what direction is the industry headed? What are the current events? Important past events? Future events? What companies belong to this industry? What is the starting salary range and earning potential? What skills are needed in this profession or industry?
Research
Sources
There are many places you can look for this information: Books and other literature on careers and training programs News items, job ads, magazine articles, etc. Professional associations Library reference section Yellow Pages Business/trade/professional directories Government publications (labour market information, job profiles etc.) Your Career Counselling department Annual reports, press releases, company brochures, etc. Career and job fairs Your Alumni Association
22
Using The Internet As Your Source For Research

You will find great online resources at Centennial Colleges Learning Resource Centre (www.lrc.centennialcollege.ca). The following web sites can also help you with your research. Industry profiles or professional associations: http://www.careerkey.com/links.htm#top (US site) www.councils.org www.amcdirectory.com/contact/associations/index.shtml www.charityvillage.com/cv/nonpr/profas.asp Occupational profiles: www.ontariojobfutures.net http://www.skillsontario.com/index.php?option=com_content& view= Labour market information: http://www.jobfutures.org www.labourmarketinformation.ca/ www.onwin.ca www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/on/lmi/llmi.shtml Lists of companies in your field: www.yellowpages.ca/searchBusiness.do http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ccc-rec.nsf/eng/Home http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/v5/content/tp1000-2009/ Company website identification through various search engines: www.google.ca www.yahoo.ca www.sympatico.ca http://ca.msn.com/ Company profiles and job descriptions on job search web sites: www.workopoliscampus.com http://company.monster.ca/ www.workopolis.com Articles, press releases and annual reports on specific companies: www.marketwire.com www.newswire.ca https://www.orderannualreports.com/060/UI/GP/home.aspx?cp_ code=A169 http://www.canadianbusiness.com/
Cyber-Search
Informational Interviews
The Basics
Sometimes the best information comes first-hand. This means having an informal meeting with an individual who works in your field to talk to them about their job and the industry in general. This could include friends, relatives, teachers, former employers or co-workers, members of social groups and people who work for some of the companies that you have found while researching. You are not expecting these people to give you a job but to provide you with honest answers to your questions. Even though the thought of meeting with someone you dont know well or do not know at all is a daunting one, informational interviews are very effective in researching career options and job opportunities. An informational interview is also your first step to successful networking, a skill that is highly valuable to the job search process. It also gives you direct contact with a potential employer who may remember you when a position comes up. What youll get out of it: First-hand, current information about the industry Exposure to people who may be in a position to offer you a job Tips on how to break into the field Candid opinions about the job or industry First-hand observation of the working environment Practice networking skills and new contacts How to do it: 1. Make a list of the people you want to meet with and gather their contact information. The previous research you have done on specific companies comes in handy here. 2. Prepare a script introducing yourself, who referred you to them (if anyone), the nature of your call and a request for the interview. Do not read your script - it is just a guideline. Try to be natural. See pages 63 for sample scripts. 3. Take the list of questions you have prepared with you to the interview and be prepared to answer questions about yourself and your interest in the field. 4. You may want to have a copy of your resume with you in case your contact asks for it. Do not offer it, as you are there for information only, not to ask for a job. 5. Listen attentively and take notes. 6. Ask for the names of anyone else who may be able to assist you in the same way.
23
Star Move
Action
24
7. Thank the person for his/her time and inquire if you may contact them in the future. 8. Always follow-up with a thank you letter (see page 88). If you continue to do this for a period of time not only will you gain crucial information but you will also build up a good network of contacts for your future job search and you may just find yourself in the right place at the right time. Star Move You will get refusals but try not to be discouraged. Stay positive and continue your efforts. You will find people who are receptive and willing to help. Sample Informational Interview Questions What is the best educational background for this type of position? How did you get your job? What jobs and experiences have led you to your present position? Can you suggest some ways a student could obtain this necessary experience? What do you like most about your job? Can you tell me about a typical day/month? What is a typical career path in this field? From your perspective, what are the problems you see working in this field? What changes do you see in the future for this particular industry? Based on what I have told you about my interests, strengths and qualifications, do you think this industry would be a good fit for me? With the information you have about my education, skills, and experience, what other fields or jobs would you suggest I research further before I make a final decision? Why did you decide to work for this company? What do you like most about this company? What can you tell me about the corporate culture? How does your company differ from its competitors?
Remember
Research
25
Always thank your contacts for any assistance they provide. Remember that they are taking time out of their busy schedules to help you.
Remember
A Few Interesting Links About Informational Interviewing

Cyber-Search www.quintcareers.com/informational_interviewing.html www.jobsetc.ca/content_pieces.jsp?category_id=420&lang=e
A Few Interesting Links For Salary Information...

www.canadianbusiness.com www.salaryexpert.com http://www.jobfutures.org/ http://content.salary.monster.ca www.canadiancareers.com/salary.html www.labourmarketinformation.ca
26
Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Market yourself:
The tools you need
Market Yourself:
The Tools You Need
The Resume
What is a resume anyway? Students most often answer, Well, I guess its a list of my past jobs and education. In fact it is much more than just a list of your past jobs. Your resume is a marketing piece about you. Think of your resume as an advertisement of your skills. The employer is buying your skills so ensure that your resume clearly outlines what you can do. The Basics In todays competitive job market employers will compare your resume to many others to determine who they will interview. On average the initial resume review is done in 30 seconds. It is therefore important that you include pertinent information that will be of immediate interest to the employer.
What To Include
Contact Information Include your name, address (permanent and temporary, if necessary), telephone number(s) and email address. If you have designed your own web site, you may include your URL. Make sure that the content of your web site is professional and error-free. Do not include personal data such as social insurance number, age, sex or marital status. Career/Job Objective This is a brief statement (one or two lines) that indicates the type of employment/career that you hope to pursue. Your objective must be customized to the position that you are seeking. It may also be included in your cover letter instead of in your resume.
Action
30
Education and Training Include the name of your degree/diploma, the name of the institution, the location of the institution (city and province only) and the dates attended. You may list 4 to 6 applicable courses as well as major projects. You may include your Grade Point average (GPA) if desired. Include any academic successes if possible. Include your high school diploma only if you were part of a special program or activity that demonstrates skills you would like to promote Experience Include permanent, part-time, volunteer and other relevant positions. Volunteer positions and co-op or field placements should also be included if they demonstrate related skills. Unrelated volunteer work may be listed under a separate heading. Include major projects if you have no work experience or would like to demonstrate the application of the skills youve learned at school State your job title, date of employment and name and location of your employer(s). Use short phrases to describe achievements, skills and knowledge obtained in this position. Use action verbs and qualify and quantify your achievements wherever possible, e.g. Professionally handled 200+ customer service queries on a daily basis Specialized Skills Highlight job-related or technical skills, e.g. computer, lab, equipment Note foreign language skills. Highlight special training e.g. WHMIS, MCSE and other certifications. Awards and Special Accomplishments List all academic awards, special distinctions and noted honors. Provide an explanation of the award or distinction if it is not self-evident. Describe any special accomplishments that were not included in a previous section. Activities and Interests (within the last five years) List participation in clubs and professional organizations. Include volunteer experience unless it is previously mentioned in the Experience section. References A reference notation such as Available On Request is becoming optional. Omitting your reference names on your resume will ensure that your references will not be bothered with unnecessary phone calls.
Possible Resume Headings

There are many possible resume headings. Choose those that make the most sense for your background and experience. Career Goal, Career Objective, Employment Objective, Goals, Objective, Position Desired Action Personal Profile, Professional Qualifications, Qualifications, Highlights of Qualifications, Profile, Summary Academic Background, Academic Training, Education, Educational Background, Professional Education, Additional Education, Additional Training, Other Education, Professional Development, Special Training, Certifications, Licenses, Courses of Interest, Related Courses, Career Related Courses, Major Academic Projects Employment, Experience, Other Employment, Other Experience, Professional Background, Professional Experience, Related Experience, Relevant Experience, Work Experience, Internship Experience, Practicum Experience, Experience Highlights, Field Experience, Summer Work Experience Acquired Skills, Additional Skills, Career-Related Skills, Computer Skills, Computer-Related Skills, Areas of Expertise, Areas of Knowledge, Special Skill(s), Language Competencies, Language Abilities Affiliations, Associations, Conferences Attended, Conferences/ Conventions, Memberships, Papers Presented, Presentations, Professional Associations, Professional Memberships, Publications and Conference Papers Special Recognition, Academic Honors, Scholarships and Awards, Awards, Achievements Travel Abroad, Studies Abroad, Overseas Travel, Foreign Experience, International Experience, Overseas Studies, Foreign Studies Activities, Activities and Interests, Community Involvement, Community Service, Extracurricular Activities, Interests, Leisure Activities, Professional and Community Activities, Related Activities, Special Interests, Volunteer Activities, Volunteer Experience
31
32
Focus On Transferable Skills

Transferable skills are those that can be taken from job to job and from industry to industry. When you describe what youve done in your past jobs, instead of speaking about your non-related duties, speak about the skills you used when carrying out those duties. For example, would an employer rather read that you made cappuccinos at the coffee shop or that you provided friendly and efficient customer service? Likely, you will not be able to use your expertise with the latte machine as a Junior Account Manager, nor will the potential employer be interested in this experience. But your customer service skills will be of utmost importance. Here are a few more transferable skills for you to think about: Communication Explained and clarified concepts to clients Wrote effective correspondence Think and Solve Problems Researched and resolved customer issues and problems Read, analyzed and assessed information Evaluated situations and took action, thinking critically and acting logically Working With Others Effectively worked as part of a team Contributed ideas and information to the group Interacted with people of diverse backgrounds, cultures, abilities and ages Organization and Management Prioritized and handled multiple tasks simultaneously Coordinated department work flow Planned and organized all aspects of department events Ensured timely delivery of projects Information Management Set up and maintained information filing systems Maintained internal record keeping systems Maintained sales records and prepared reports Customer Service Successfully met customer needs as per organizations policies Established and maintained customer base Answered client inquiries and provided information
Star Move
Resume Verbs
When describing your on-the-job accomplishments and skills start each phrase with a descriptive action verb like the ones below. Do not start your points with Duties included or Responsible for.
Administered Analyzed Assigned Attained Consolidated Clarified Collected Critiqued Assembled Built Calculated Computed Coordinated Delegated Developed Directed Evaluated Examined Identified Inspected
33
Star Move
Management Skills
Improved Increased Oversaw Planned Prioritized Interpreted Interviewed Investigated
Produced Recommended Reviewed Scheduled Supervised Reviewed Summarized Surveyed Remodeled Repaired Solved Upgraded
Research Skills
Designed Devised Engineered Fabricated
Technical Skills
Maintained Operated Overhauled Programmed
Advised Clarified Coached Communicated Conceptualized Created Customized Designed Approved Arranged Catalogued Classified Collected Addressed Arbitrated Authored Collaborated
Developed Enabled Encouraged Evaluated Developed Directed Established Founded
Teaching Skills
Explained Facilitated Guided Informed Illustrated Initiated Integrated Introduced
Instructed Persuaded Set goals Trained Invented Originated Planned Revitalized Recorded Retrieved Screened Tabulated Validated Negotiated Persuaded Promoted Wrote
Creative Skills
Compiled Executed Generated Implemented Inspected
Clerical or Detail Skills
Monitored Organized Prepared Processed Purchased Influenced Interpreted Mediated Moderated
Corresponded Drafted Edited Formulated
Communication Skills
34
Which Format To Use

There are three commonly used resume formats which are described below. Choose a format that presents you in the best way possible. The Basics Combination Resume This format includes elements from both the chronological and the functional resumes (below). Although it maintains a chronological format, relevant skills, knowledge and experience can also be highlighted throughout the resume. Main headings may include: Summary of Qualifications, Education, Major Academic Projects, Related Experience, Other Experience, Technical Skills, Community Involvement and others. This the preferred resume format as it can be tailored to emphasize specific skills while still maintaining the reverse chronological structure that employers like. Functional or Skill Based Resume This format emphasizes the most relevant skills and qualifications that can be drawn from education, work experience and extracurricular involvement. Skills are usually grouped according to the position sought. An employment history, in reverse chronological order, is also provided but without a description of accomplishments for each job. Job seekers who have gaps in their employment history or individuals who have limited experience in the targeted field often use this format. However, some employers dislike this format as it is not as straightforward as a chronological or combination resume. Chronological Resume This format emphasizes dates. Employment and education histories are listed in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent information and working backwards in time. Main headings include: Objective, Education, Employment, Activities and Interests. This format does not focus on skills and may make unrelated jobs and gaps in experience obvious. See pages 36, 38 and 40 for a sample resume of each format.
Whatever format you choose, make sure your resume is organized, easy to read, consistent and free of errors. Remember
Other Resume Tips

As in any advertisement, its not just what you say, but how you say it. Why do some ads jump out at you? Think of what factors persuade you to read more - layout, style and size of the print, use of white space, etc. The same principles apply to your resume. The way the information is presented is as important as the words themselves. Choose a format and layout that is easy to read and organized Make sure the format you choose is consistent throughout the resume Dont use more than two font styles Use a font size of 10 to 12 Print your resume on quality paper of a neutral colour (white, off-white, light grey etc.) Limit your resume to two pages. Any longer and it becomes a chore to read Emphasize your skills by using resume verbs Use precise point form statements starting each point with a resume verb - use past tense for past jobs and present tense for current jobs Focus on your accomplishments/skills, not your duties Make sure your resume contains absolutely no typing, spelling or grammatical errors Use underlining, bold or capitals to enhance certain important information (diplomas, job titles, etc.) Avoid the use of italics or script fonts Include your name and phone number on all pages Do not use corporate logos on your resume (it is illegal) Do not use corrective liquid or make handwritten changes Use a high quality printer Avoid using resume templates Be truthful but without underselling yourself Have several versions of your resume targeting different positions
35
Star Move
Action
A Few Interesting Links About Resumes...

www.workopoliscampus.com (click on Resources Centre) resume.monster.ca/ www.jobsetc.ca www.jobstar.org/tools/resume/index.cfm www.careerjournal.com/tools/resume/index.html www.rileyguide.com/resprep.html www.canadiancareers.com/resume.html
Cyber-Search
36
Sample Combination Resume

PAT M. SMITH 1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1 Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999 psmith@my.centennialcollege.ca CAREER OBJECTIVE
Career/Job Objective
A brief statement (one or two lines) indicating the type of employment or career sought and your potential contribution to the employer. It must be customized to the position that you are seeking. It may also be included in your cover letter instead of on your resume.
A position in sales and marketing where my customer service experience, technical knowledge and communication abilities will be useful in managing accounts and acquiring new clientele. HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATIONS Three years of experience in customer service related positions Knowledge of marketing principles and theories Skilled at identifying and soliciting new clients Proven experience in addressing a wide range of client needs in a multicultural environment Proficient in Word, WordPerfect, Excel and Lotus Notes Sound leadership skills and strong communication abilities High energy, dynamic and achievement-oriented individual RELATED WORK EXPERIENCE Sales Representative ABC Computer Outlet Toronto, Ontario (2007-Present)
Highlights, Summary or Profile of Qualifications
A summary of the main qualifications that you have to offer the employer. This summary may include experience, knowledge or skills related to the position in question.
Assess clients needs and recommend the appropriate goods or services Professionally and courteously serve over 50 clients daily Assist in the display of merchandise Demonstrate excellent product knowledge Continuously promote after-sale services (product warranty, maintenance) Received Employee of the Month award for three consecutive months Customer Service Representative
Related Work Experience
Related jobs are listed in reverse chronological order. The focus is not on the positions and/or employers. Responsibilities and skills are clearly noted, using Action verbs and achievements are qualified and quantified wherever possible.
The Kitchen Store Scarborough, Ontario (2006-2007) Greeted customers and discussed the type, quality and quantity of merchandise sought for purchase or rental Prepared sales contracts and accepted cash, credit card or automatic debit payment Assisted with inventory verification and product ordering Demonstrated excellent communication and presentation skills Telephone Sales Inc. Toronto, Ontario (Summers 2004, 2005 and 2006) Generated over $10,000 in subscriptions and product sales each summer Prepared and administered sales contracts Answered inquiries and provided information
Telemarketing Clerk
Contact Information
37
/2
Other Experience
PAT M. SMITH
This information should be reproduced on both pages
Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999
OTHER WORK EXPERIENCE Security Guard Toronto Security Services Toronto, Ontario (2006-2007)
Non-related positions are listed in this section to account for periods of time or to demonstrate work experience in general. Skills pertinent to the position sought can be noted if necessary. Specific duties are not usually mentioned as they are unrelated to the desired position.
Answered inquiries and provided general information to visitors Performed administrative duties according to established procedures Maintained composure and professionalism under pressure EDUCATION Marketing (3 Year Diploma) Centennial College Toronto, Ontario (2007-Present) Relevant courses include: Principals of Marketing Financial Accounting Marketing Analysis Marketing Management Business Communications Operations Management
Education
Focus is on the diploma/ degree pursued. Courses and academic projects can also be highlighted
Major Academic Projects Analyzed sales management problems and developed creative solutions Developed scripts for prospecting new clients Thoroughly researched a particular product and facilitated a sales presentation
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Affiliations Computer Skills Interests REFERENCES Available upon request Canadian Professional Sales Association (2007-Present) MS Office, Internet and various Email programs Tennis, badminton, movies and gardening
Additional Information
Includes general information that does not need to be prominently featured. Sub-headings will vary according to position and industry.
References
This caption is not mandatory. References are never included in a resume. If required for an application process, they should be listed on a separate page and provided as a separate document.
38
Sample Functional Resume

Objective (optional)
A brief statement (one or two lines) indicating the type of employment you are pursuing. It must be customized to the position you are seeking.
PAT M. SMITH 123 Corner Street Toronto, Ontario M1T 1T1 Residence: (416) 123-4567 Cellular : (416) 222-5555 Email : patsmith@email.com
OBJECTIVE To obtain a position in a residential facility that assists youths in successfully reconnecting with their community. Relevant Skills Section RELEVANT SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE Intervention Skills Experience working with families, schools and other service providers Demonstrated crisis prevention and intervention skills Understanding principles of harm reduction Skilled at providing information, counselling and referrals to young adults in distress Experience in assessing situations and providing appropriate solutions
This format emphasizes most relevant skills and qualifications that can be drawn from education, employment or extracurricular involvement.
Casework Management and Administrative Skills Worked collaboratively with numerous social workers to establish individualized case management plans Ensured compliance with all operational procedures and legislative policies Maintained follow-up services and support after discharge Referred individuals to appropriate community services as necessary Assisted with the planning and supervision of the daily activities of the residence Proficient with WordPerfect and Word, familiar with spreadsheet packages Interpersonal Skills Accountability, flexibility and professionalism in performing all duties Demonstrated interpersonal and communication (both oral and written) skills Displayed sound decision-making and the ability to resolve conflicts sensitively and respectfully WORK EXPERIENCE Youth Service Worker ABC House, Toronto, Ontario Administrative Assistant The Admin Group, Mississauga, Ontario
Work History
Summer 2008 2003-2005
An employment history, in reverse chronological order, is also provided. Dates can be provided on the right hand side to remove the focus on time periods.
Contact Information
39
Page 2 PAT M. SMITH Residence: (416) 123-4567 Cellular : (416) 222-5555
Education and Training
The information should be reproduced on both pages.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING Community and Justice Services Diploma Centennial College, Toronto, Ontario Expected Date of Graduation: April 2009 Relevant courses include: Client Care Security Skills Group Dynamics
Relevant courses can be mentioned to display specific knowledge, if appropriate.
2007-Present
Interpersonal Skill Development Community Resources and Corrections Criminal Justice System 2007
Certification in First Aid and CPR St. Johns Ambulance, Toronto, Ontario COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Volunteer Street Helpline, Toronto, Ontario Volunteer First Night Festival, Toronto, Ontario Volunteer The Toddler Day Care, Toronto, Ontario ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Computer Skills Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, Internet Languages Fluent in English and French Interests Tennis, golf, cooking and reading
Additional Headings
Additional sections supporting your skills and qualifications for the position in question can be added to the resume.
2006-Present Winters 2004-2005 2003-2004
Excellent references available upon request
References
40
Sample Chronological Resume

PAT M. SMITH
Contact Information
Do not include any personal data such as date of birth, marital status, citizenship, etc..
Education
1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1 Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999 psmith@email.ca EDUCATION
Focus is on the dates and diploma/program. Courses and academic projects can also be highlighted.
2007-Present
Network Specialist Post Graduate Diploma Centennial College, Toronto, Ontario Expected Date of Graduation: December 2008 Bachelor of Computer Science University of Technical Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario WORK EXPERIENCE
2004-2007
Summer 2008
Internet/Intranet/Network Technician ABC Company, Toronto, Ontario Oversaw initial setup of server from conception to launch in a Windows Back Office Server environment Administered web site and LAN (capacity planning, performance tuning, upgrades and documentation) Provided training and technical support to users on the LAN Installed and configured firewall software for enhanced Internet/Intranet security Repaired, configured, set up and modified IBM compatible PCs and peripherals Maintained, installed and supported client PCs in a LAN environment Administered email server (MS Exchange) Administered FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server Customer Service Representative/Team Leader 123 Call Centre Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario Used a workstation running G LINK mainframe operating system in a LAN/WAN environment Professionally handled over 250 inbound and tracing calls per day Trained new and existing employees with new products and services Assisted customers with various queries. Efficiently solved various problematic scenarios Developed strong interpersonal and communication skills
Work Experience
Jobs are listed in reverse chronological order and position title is highlighted. Responsibilities and skills are also clearly noted. Action verbs are used and achievements are qualified and quantified wherever possible.
2006-2008
41
Contact Information
PAT M. SMITH 2/2 1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1 Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999 WORK EXPERIENCE CONT 2004-2006
Specialized Skills
This information should be reproduced on both pages.
Clerk Smith and Sons Ltd, Ottawa, Ontario Used ACCPAC order entry software to warehouse and rotate equipment, parts and supplies Implemented a project/labor costing log using Lotus 123 version 2.0 which reduced staff overtime expenses by 30% Developed strong interpersonal and communication skills TECHNICAL SKILLS
A section on skills specific to your field/ industry can also be added to this resume format.
Networking: Programming: Operating Systems: Applications:
TCP/IP, OSI, Microsoft LAN Manager, Novell Netware, Internet, Ethernet, SNA, and LAN-WAN interconnection C, C++, Visual BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, SQL, UNIX Shell Script, BASIC, Clipper, Algol 68, and 80X86 Assembler UNIX (bsd & SVr3/r4), MS Windows, MS DOS, MS Windows NT, Solaris, VAX/VMS, and Macintosh OS X Microsoft Office, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Publisher, Lotus 123, Lotus Freelance and others
Additional Information
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Special Training 2008 2006 Activities and Interests
Includes general information that does not need to be prominently featured. Subheadings will vary according to position and industry.
MCSE, Microsoft Institute, Toronto, Ontario Customer Service Training, 123 Call Centre Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario Golf, reading, running
EXCELLENT REFERENCES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST
References
42
Electronic And Scannable Resumes

Many companies use technology to help them manage the multitude of resumes they receive. Often a resume is entered electronically into a searchable database where it is stored before it is even looked at by an employer. When an employer wants to look for a candidate they can just search their database using keywords, much the same way you might search for something on the Internet. Its necessary to have an electronic or scannable version of your resume that can be easily read by the companys applicant tracking system.
Cyber-Search
Electronic Or Scannable Resume-Whats The Difference?

E-resume The most common e-resume is a resume saved as a text file (.txt) and is free of formatting such as bullets, bold, underlining, etc. It is also known as a Plain Text resume or ASCII resume. An e-resume is generally first read by computers (applicant or resume tracking system or computer database) instead of by a person. It is usually entered into the employers database directly from its electronic format and only printed or read by a person once it has been retrieved in a search. The e-resume is used for online application purposes (email, Internet job boards and company Web site application forms). It can also be used to create a scannable resume. Scannable Resume A scannable resume is a resume created for scanning into an applicant or resume tracking system or resume database.The term scannable resume usually refers to the paper version of your e-resume. Although used less frequently by employers, the scannable resume is faxed, mailed, or hand delivered to companies that use optical scanners and character recognition software to input resumes into searchable databases. It can also be emailed to employers for printing and scanning.
The Basics
How To Prepare An E-Resume

Formatting All the effort you have put into the formatting and layout of your traditional resume may prevent your resume from being placed successfully into the companys database. Because you want your e-resume to be easily read by the employers computerized system you should strip your resume of all fancy formatting and create a text based version.
Warning
Action
Your first step should be to save a version of your resume as a Plain Text file instead of a word processing (Word, WordPerfect) file. This will remove the formatting and special fonts. To do this using Microsoft Word follow these steps: 1. With your resume file open, click on Save As under the File menu 2. Type the file name in the File Name box (e.g. Restext) 3. Select Plain Text or Text Only in the Save as Type drop-down box 4. Click on Save 5. Open your text resume (e.g. Restext.txt) by going toFile and then Open within Word or by clicking on the file icon to open in Notepad This process will remove all formatting commands and may create some errors. You must therefore scroll through your resume and correct any errors and enhance the appearance of your resume, using these guidelines: Left-justify text for an easy-to-read format Do not use bold, italics, underlining, centering, indenting, boxes, bullets, graphics, columns or shading Use Courier or a sans serif font such as Arial in a font size of 10 to 14 Use asterisks (*), plus signs (+) or dashes (-) instead of bullets Use capital letters instead of bold lettering or underlining Use dashes (-) instead of horizontal lines Use the space bar or commas instead of tabs or columns Replace curly quotes with straight quotes Keep your resume to a maximum of 65 characters per line, which will accommodate most email programs and avoid odd line breaks Employers will expect you to have computer skills. Applying online or by email may be your only option for some companies.
43
Remember Make Sure Its Searchable E-resumes are stored in the companys searchable database and searches are conducted based on keywords to find candidates that best match the job requirements. To ensure that your resume will be retrieved during searches you must therefore include keywords in your resume. You may do this with an additional category called a Keyword Summary at the top of your resume but even better, you should also make sure keywords are scattered throughout all sections of your resume. This way your keywords will be used in context when a person reads your resume and because more keywords will be included, you increase the chances of your resume being found in a search.
Star Move
44
Keywords are nouns that relate to the skills and experience required for the job. These keywords will be crucial in increasing your chances of having your resume retrieved from the database. You must remember: The Basics Software is normally programmed to search for nouns, not verbs Aim to have 25 to 35 keywords throughout your resume Use industry buzzwords, job/industry-specific skills, transferable skills, technological terms, certifications, job titles and noun forms of the action verbs you have used elsewhere in your resume Include synonyms, various forms of keywords and acronyms as well as the spelled out version of common terms Some applicant tracking software rank resumes according to how many keywords are found and the number of times they appear Examine job postings to determine what keywords are commonly used for the position/industry you are interested in If you arent sure which resume format a company is accepting try calling their Human Resources department and ask for their preferred resume format.
Remember
Sending Your E-Resume

There are different ways of sending an e-resume to an employer. You should always follow the instructions provided by each employer, as they may differ from the general guidelines provided in this book. Some employers accept email attachments while others will not for fear of viruses or because of compatability issues. Others still, will expect you to apply via a Web site. Contact the company in question and ask for clarification concerning their application process and procedures. When in doubt, these guidines are safest: When sending by email: Paste your cover letter and e-resume in the body of the email Make sure that youve kept your resume to a maximum of 65 characters per line, which will accommodate most email programs and ensure that what the employer sees on screen looks organized Also attach your print resume (Word or RTF format) in case the employer would like to view this version; in fact your hope is that they do, as this format is easier to read by a person and presents you more professionally. You can indicate in the email message that you have attached a document as well as included a text version for their convenience Indicate the position title or reference number in the Subject heading
Cyber-Search
Action
Action
When completing a Web form: Read the instructions carefully Follow all the guidelines mentioned on the Web site. Web forms vary from company to company as well as from one job and resume database to the other. Be sure to complete all required fields Copy and paste your e-resume into the text box provided. Scroll through it and correct any improper line breaks or conversion errors When uploading your resume to a job and resume database, keep in mind the potential drawbacks to your privacy and confidentiality. Only post your resume on established Web sites Read their employer screening and privacy policies Consider omitting all personal contact information (name, address, phone number) and including only an email address specifically created for job search purposes When sending a paper scannable resume: Use a good quality printer and white or light-coloured paper Always send original copies (do not fold or staple) When faxing, use detailed mode
45
When To Use An Electronic Resume

Although it is becoming more prevalent for companies, both large and small, to use an applicant or resume tracking database to process applications, it is not easy to determine who does and doesnt use these systems. It is best to have several versions of your resume: a print one (formatted Word or RTF version) to send as an attachment to an email or to mail and fax, and a Plain Text version to paste into emails or Web applications and, rarely, to fax or mail as a scannable resume. Remember, if you are uncertain of which resume to use, contact the company and ask for clarification concerning their application process and procedures.
Cyber-Search
A Few Interesting Links About Electronic Resumes...

www.workopoliscampus.com (click on Resource Centre) www.eresumes.com www.careerperfect.com www.rileyguide.com/eresume.html resume.monster.ca/section1972.asp www.quintcareers.com/e-resume_format.html
Cyber-Search
jobsearchtech.about.com/od/resumewriting1/Writing_Electronic_Resumes.htm Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources
46
Sample Plain Text Resume With Keyword Summary

(this version can be used as an e-resume or scannable resume)
PAT M. SMITH 1234 College Street Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1 Residence: 416 123-4567 Messages: 416 111-9999 psmith@my.centennialcollege.ca
Keyword Summary
These are skills, duties or responsibilities that relate to the job, listed in noun form instead of verbs. Since computers search for nouns the Keyword Summary can increase your resumes chances of being retrieved during searches. Try to use keywords in context throughout the resume as well.
KEYWORD SUMMARY ---------------Installation and configuration of computer programs, Computer Repairs, Web Site Administration, Email administration, Training experience, Project Management, Problem Solving Skills, Customer Service Skills TECHNICAL SKILLS ---------------Networking: TCP/IP, OSI, Microsoft LAN Manager, Novell Netware, Internet, Ethernet, Programming: C, C++, Visual BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, SQL, UNIX Shell Script, BASIC Operating Systems: UNIX, MS Windows, MS DOS, MS Windows NT, and Macintosh OS X Applications: Microsoft Office, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Publisher, Lotus 123, Lotus Freelance and others WORK EXPERIENCE -----------------------Internet/Intranet Network Technician ABC Company Toronto, Ontario Summer 2008 * Oversaw initial setup of server from conception to launch in a Windows Back Office Server environment * Administered web site and LAN (capacity planning, performance tuning, upgrades and documentation) * Provided training and technical support to users on the LAN * Installed and configured firewall software for enhanced Internet/Intranet security * Repaired, configured, set up and modified IBM compatible PCs and peripherals * Maintained, installed and supported client PCs in a LAN environment
Continue with rest of resume
The Cover Letter

When sending your resume to prospective employers, always include a cover letter. The cover letter gives you the opportunity to personalize your application. The Basics Always address your cover letter to a particular person (the hiring manager or your networking contact) and tailor it to a specific company and job. This will personalize your letter and show youve done your research. Contact the company for specific contact information. When applying to jobs posted through the Co-op Department you are not required to include a cover letter UNLESS the posting specifies that you should (but it is a good idea!). If you are required or would like to include a cover letter when applying for a co-op job you will find the contact information on each job posting on PlacePro. When applying to jobs on your own or as a graduate, you should always send a cover letter, even if the posting only asks for a resume. It shows your professionalism and increases your chances when applying to advertised jobs. Some Cover Letter Tips Your cover letter should be one page with three to four paragraphs Use the same paper as your resume Check print quality for bleed, jagged or crooked edges and overall readability Use a font size 10 or 12 Do not use corrective liquid or make handwritten changes Use a high-quality printer Give it to three friends or family members to review and edit Format your letter as you would a formal business letter. Use a formal writing style - the employer is not a personal friend or family member Be as concise as possible, without generalizing your skills (speak about skills specific to the particular job) Dont send out the same generic cover letter to several companies. Make the employer feel they are the only company you are applying to by doing research and customizing every letter.
47
Star Move
Remember
48
The Four Paragraphs The cover letter should contain four paragraphs, each with its own purpose. To remember the purpose of each paragraph think of the following AIDA formula: Action A Attention: Tell why you are writing. Name the position for which you are applying and how you heard about it (contact name/where posted/when posted). Interest: Tell the employer how your skills match those needed for the job. Use resume verbs (e.g. planned, organized, completed) to describe your skills as they relate to the job. When answering an advertisement, make sure to include all the requirements listed in the ad. This makes it easy to match you to the job. Desire: You may want to add a paragraph outlining why you would like to do this job or work for this specific company and how they match your goals and interests. Mention something you have learned about the company during your research. This is your chance to show the employer your interest in the company and that you have done your homework. Assertiveness: Ask for an interview. Use an appropriate closing to pave the way for an interview by suggesting a meeting to further discuss your qualifications and that you are awaiting an immediate and favourable reply. Refer to your attached resume. If you take responsibility for the next action (e.g. I will contact you by ________ to enquire about the status of my application.) you will be more proactive and will avoid the frustration of waiting for a reply. However, co-op students should not contact Centennial Colleges co-op employers directly.
A Few Interesting Links About Cover Letters...

http://jobsearch.monster.ca/?WT.srch=1&WT.mc_n=olmsrchskca www.rileyguide.com/cover.html Cyber-Search
Sample Cover Letter

123 Any Street Toronto, Ontario M1K 5E9
49
Action
September 24, 2008 Ms. Tracy Dobbs Manager, Human Resources EMC Solutions, Inc. 123 Elm Avenue Toronto, Ontario M2N 3R8 Dear Ms. Dobbs: I am writing in response to your advertisement for a Recruitment Assistant which was posted by the Centennial College Co-op Department on September 23, 2008. I am currently enrolled in the Human Resources Management (Co-op) program at Centennial College and my education here has provided me with knowledge in recruitment and selection procedures. My previous position in the Human Resources department of the YWCA gave me experience and skills in electronically managing applicant databases, checking references and utilizing Microsoft Word to prepare postings, offer letters and other documents. I also assisted with placing employment ads on web sites and recruiting from local educational institutions. Having had experience in an office setting, I am an organized individual with the ability to handle multiple tasks. My communication and interpersonal skills make me an excellent team player. I understand that EMC Solutions is an equal opportunity employer with specialized programs in recruiting people with disabilities and members of minority groups. With my understanding of the laws and regulations governing hiring in Ontario, including the Ontario Code of Human Rights, I will assist your company in meeting its recruitment goals. I would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications with you in person. I can be reached via the Co-op Department at (416) 289-5209 to arrange an interview time. Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to meeting with you. Sincerely, (signature) Pat Smith Enclosure
Warning
DO NOT copy this sample cover letter! Imagine how many other students and graduates have this textbook - you would all end up with the same letter! Your cover letter should be a unique letter that YOU write and as such, it should be different from other students. It is ok to look at samples to help you with writing style and format but you do not want a prospective employer to be turned off by a letter that shows lack of originality or initiative.
50
The Portfolio
A career portfolio is a useful tool both for job search as well as career management. As a showcase of your talents and potential, a portfolio is a collection of documents and artifacts that demonstrate and substantiate your skills, knowledge, experience, accomplishments and academic background. A portfolio allows you to reflect upon your strengths and achievements, enabling you to see the path your career is taking and helping you set future goals. Reflecting on and analyzing your skills will make you better prepared to discuss these with a potential employer. An employer will be able to see tangible proof that you have the skills and knowledge that they are looking for and can feel more confident in a hiring decision. Common Portfolio Contents Statement of originality and confidentiality Table of contents Career goals and/or work philosophy Resume Work samples - school or work projects, reports, assignments, etc. Awards and accomplishments Letters of recommendation or reference, thank you letters, client or employer evaluations Certificates, diplomas, transcripts - copies only Academic plan of study/model route/course lists Professional memberships Putting Your Portfolio Together Collect as many documents and artifacts as possible Keeping in mind the job or career you are interested in, analyze your collection and select those that demonstrate what you would like the employer know about you (related knowledge, skills, experience, etc) Put your documents and artifacts into clear page protectors and insert them in a logical order into a professional looking portfolio case with a three ring binder-like functionality Add a table of contents and section dividers As you progress through college and while working, be sure to hold on to documents and artifacts that demonstrate your skills and accomplishments. These could be essential pieces in your portfolio later on. The process of maintaining a portfolio is a rewarding one that will boost your confidence and result in concrete proof of your potential.
The Basics
Action
Star Move
Your job search strategy:

Looking for work
Your Job Search Strategy:

Looking For Work
Where Are The Jobs?
Looking for a job is a job in and of itself. Therefore, it is important to remain focused, organized and consider as many strategies as possible in order to enhance your chances of success. So where are the jobs? The first thing you should know is that there are two types of job markets available to you: the advertised (visible) market and the non-advertised (hidden) job market. Its your job right now to come up with a job search strategy to proactively access both of these markets and combine the techniques that follow in this chapter in a way that brings you employment success.
The Basics
The Advertised Job Market

The advertised job market is just that - jobs that are advertised in some way. In this market jobs are posted in/on: Newspapers Online job posting sites Company Web sites Employment newsletters Industry specific and association magazines and publications Career centre job boards Employment agencies Help wanted signs/billboards The good thing about advertised jobs is that you know there is a concrete opening that you can apply to. However, do not rely on this alone! Advertised positions represent a mere 20% of existing openings. And remember these jobs are advertised. That means that there are many people applying for the same jobs, reducing your chances of getting noticed in the crowd. And often, by the time the ad is published the employer already has a good idea of who they are going to hire.
Warning
54
Enhancing Your Chances In The Advertised Job Market

To increase your chances of being noticed by an employer currently soliciting applications: Star Move Carefully read the job advertisement Research the company Include a cover letter even if not asked to Customize your resume and cover letter Address your letter to a specific person at the company Match your skills to those required for the specific job Include some information that shows youve done some research, e.g. why are you interested in this specific company? If applying to human resources, further your efforts by also approaching the manager or supervisor of the department for which you would work Follow up with a telephone call to confirm receipt of your resume, express your interest in the job, ask questions and request an interview
Dont Stop There! Beyond Job Postings

While looking at advertised job postings should never be disregarded, a good job search strategy combines a number of different techniques in combination. Since the advertised job market makes up 20% of the available jobs, perhaps you should spend only 20% of your job search efforts in this area. The other 80% of jobs are part of the hidden job market and it means being more proactive to get to these opportunities, which most often means networking.
Warning
The Hidden Job Market

Why are 80% of employment opportunities part of the hidden job market? There are several possible scenarios to explain why positions are not advertised: The Basics The employer is informally looking for someone to avoid expenses and time demands of receiving hundreds of resumes as the result of an ad. The employer has various projects to accomplish and has yet to make arrangements for new staff The employer has to deal with an unexpected situation (need to replace an employee who has recently quit, been promoted, left on medical or maternity leave, etc.) The employer wants reliable referrals from trusted employees/co-workers
Job search techniques that help you access the hidden job market include researching potential openings, organizing targeted mailings, considering cold calling, conducting telephone campaigns and, most importantly, networking.
55
Networking
Networking means meeting with and talking to people who can help you in your search for work, be it by putting in a good word for you, providing insider information about your industry, letting you in on upcoming opportunities or helping to get in contact with the right person. Heres how to do it: 1. Make New Contacts There are many places to go to find new contacts. Try these: Your own extended family and friends Your friends parents and other family members Your professors, advisors, coaches, tutors, clergy Your former bosses and your friends and family members bosses Members of clubs, religious groups and other organizations to which you belong All the organizations near your home or school People in occupations which require them to have a large client base (e.g. hairdresser, insurance agent, real estate agent, etc.) Your college alumni association What If I Dont Know Anyone? Its not likely that most of your family and friends will be working in your industry. But that doesnt mean you dont have a network. Your networking contacts are not necessarily people you know. They are more likely to be people who are referred to you either by friends and family or by other subsequent contacts. So your friend may not work in your industry but perhaps her neighbour does. Think of that neighbour as a potential contact and try to set up an appointment. Try attending conferences, trade shows, networking events and info sessions where you can meet people in your industry. Becoming a student or associate member of a professional organization will give you access to information about these types of activities. Contact your Chamber of Commerce for upcoming events. Look out for employer information sessions organized by your college career centre. Get out there!
The Basics
Research
56
2. Set up Networking Appointments Its not always easy to get someone to agree to meet with you. The most common excuses people may have for not seeing you are time constraints and they dont have any jobs to offer you. Here are some tips to circumvent these objections: Always use the name of the contact who referred you. Knowing that you have a mutual contact will put the person at ease and may persuade them to agree to meet with you. They may think that if someone they know has referred you then you must be okay. Also, most people would not want to insult a colleague or friend by turning you away. Be sure not to pressure your contacts for a job - remember the purpose is to get yourself known by them for future opportunities, not to get a job on the spot. If the person tells you they have no job openings tell them you understand that. Explain that you are not asking for a job - you just want to meet for information purposes. If your contact tells you they are very busy stress that you only need 20 minutes of their time and that you will be prepared. Always suggest a date for the meeting and have alternative dates picked out in case your contact is busy at that time. 3. Have Networking Meetings The purpose of networking meetings is similar to that of informational interviews - to gather first-hand information about the industry or occupation. See the previous section on Informational Interviews in this book (page 23). However, there is another very important reason for conducting networking meetings - to lay the groundwork for accessing the hidden job market. Here are some things you should remember to do: Be able to speak about your skills and career interests Show you are professional - have an agenda and questions prepared Ask impressive questions that show you are knowledgeable about your industry/the company Never leave without asking for names of other people who would be able to help you (this is how your network will continue to grow) In general, you want to leave your contact with the impression that you are keen, smart and would make a good employee. Therefore, you will come to mind should any opportunities arise in the future.
Action
Star Move
Action
4. Stay in Touch The biggest mistake job seekers make when networking is to have one meeting with someone, hand over their resume and then lose contact. Networking means regular and consistent follow-up (without being a nuisance). Always send a thank you letter after any networking activity. Ask your contact if they would mind if you checked in with them from time to time. If your initial meeting went well, chances are your contact will be interested in your progress. How will he or she be able to inform you of any opportunities if they have forgotten about you, dont know how to reach you or dont know if you are still interested in finding a job? Through the process of maintaining contact you will collect referrals and expand your contact base while keeping an eye out for opportunities and focussing on securing employment. 5. Using the Internet to Enhance Your Network The Internet is a great way to enhance your networking strategy. You can do this by participating in discussion groups, social networking sites and blogs which allow you to exchange information with people from many different areas, companies, cities, even countries. The boundaries of time and geography are eliminated so you can contact people from virtually anywhere (from your local area to around the world) at any time. For more information on online networking, see page 71.
57
Warning
Cyber-Search
Networking is the most successful way to find a job!

Remember
Researching Potential Openings

Once you have researched your industry or occupation (see Get Informed: Research! Research! Research! page 21) you will have come up with a listing of companies. Narrow that list down to a manageable number of companies that you would really like to work for and seriously target them. A list of 15-20 companies is a good start. Visit their Web site, read any company literature you can find, read company profiles and meet with individuals working for that company. Do not forget to ask individuals in your current network if they know someone in that industry or if they have a contact in the companies that you are targeting.
Research
58
The objective of all this research is to find out: How your skills best suit the organization The structure of the organization and which department you would best fit into Where hiring opportunities may exist in the organization Any trends or important changes within the company The person who is responsible for hiring within the department/area that interests you, the proper spelling of their name and their title Specific job titles that exist within the company Some Research Tips: When in doubt, aim high. Targeting a Director or Vice President of a department will get you further than targeting a junior person who may not have any decision-making authority. A good place to source names, titles, department or product categories within your target companies is in the press. Newspaper articles found in print or on the Internet, as well as News or Press sections of corporate Web sites, often quote industry experts and company representatives. Review past and present job postings from your target companies, often found in the Careers Section of their corporate web site. Research these postings and job descriptions even if the job is too senior or is in a city you dont want to relocate to. The postings provide valuable information on the company structure, technologies, processes used and general corporate values. This information will help you to customize your networking cover letter and resume. You now have the information you need to proceed with your proactive job search strategy.
Research
Star Move
Targeted Mailing Campaigns

Now that you have gathered valuable company information, including key contacts, you can approach potential employers by mailing, faxing or emailing your unsolicited resume and a networking cover letter to the companies that interest you. Networking cover letters for mailing campaigns closely resemble a cover letter that you would include with an application to an advertised position.
Action
In order for this strategy to be successful, there are a few things to remember: Always include a networking cover letter addressed to a particular person, making sure the spelling of their name is correct and including their job title (instead of To whom it may concern) Use a referral name in your opening sentence when possible. It can determine whether or not the person continues to read your letter Focus your networking cover letter on a specific job or area of work (instead of any position) In your networking cover letter, mention something specific about the company if you can, making your application more personal and showing you are informed about the organization Follow-up with a phone call a week later, confirming they have received your resume and requesting an interview INTRODUCTION: Tell why you are writing. Name the job or area that you are interested in. Include a reference to the person(s) you spoke to about the organization and/or potential upcoming opportunities. BODY: Based on your research, tell the employer how your skills match those usually needed for the job in question. Use resume verbs (e.g. planned, organized, completed) to describe your skills as they relate to the job. This makes it easy to match you to the job.
59
Star Move
CLOSING: Request a meeting. If you take responsibility for the next action (e.g. I will contact you by ______ to discuss opportunities within your department) you will be more proactive and will avoid the frustration of waiting for a reply. Targeted mailing campaigns differ greatly from mass mailings that use a generic broadcast letter. Targeted mailing campaigns are very focused and require thorough research and follow-up procedures. A well-organized targeted mailing campaign focusing on 20 companies can take up to a week or two of your time.
Warning
60
Sample Networking Cover Letter

178 Crest Street Scarborough, Ontario M2J 3C5
Action
February 10, 2008 Ms. Jane Johnson Office Manager ABC Wireless Inc. 192 Purple Avenue Pickering, Ontario L1K 2R9 Dear Ms. Johnson: I am writing to you with strong interest in contributing to ABC Wireless Inc. in the area of administrative support. Mr. Bob Barker, from your engineering department, is a former neighbour of mine and he suggested I contact you. I feel that I would be a valuable addition to your administrative team, as my previous work experience has exposed me to all aspects of office administration including customer service, scheduling and compiling of reports and correspondence. My exceptional skills in MS Word, PowerPoint and Excel, together with a typing speed of 60 wpm allow me to effectively respond to deadlines and deliver high-quality results. My academic credentials support this experience as I have recently completed a Diploma in Office Administration from Centennial College. I understand that ABC Wireless Inc. is growing rapidly and needs a strong administrative team to support that growth. I feel that I would make a great contribution to your organization. I am an enthusiastic person who enjoys working in a team environment. I have submitted my resume for your perusal. I will call you the week of February 18 to arrange a meeting. If you require any additional information, please contact me at (416) 200-0500. Thank you in advance for your consideration. Sincerely, (signature) Chris Smith Encl: Resume
Warning
DO NOT copy this sample networking cover letter! It should be a unique letter that YOU write and should be different from other job seekers letters. It is ok to look at samples to help you with writing style and format but you do not want a prospective employer to be turned off by a letter that shows lack of originality and initiative.
Cold Calling - Yes, In Person!

Sometimes a direct approach is more successful. When faced with hundreds of resumes from equally qualified applicants, an employer may be more likely to contact someone he or she has personally met and liked rather than plow through mountains of resumes. Try visiting a company in person, requesting to meet with the hiring manager. Stress that you do not want too much of their time; you just want to introduce yourself and leave a copy of your resume. This technique demonstrates initiative and confidence.
61
Action
Warning
However, if you decide to take this route, always be prepared to be interviewed on the spot. Have a 30 second verbal resume rehearsed (I am looking for a position in...I have skills in...). See the Tell Me About Yourself section on page 80 for advice on what to say. This technique may work better in certain fields or for certain positions. For example, dropping into a retail store to meet with the Manager may be a lot easier than trying to meet the Technical Project Manager of a large high tech firm. Do not be discouraged if you are refused the opportunity to meet with the hiring manager. Consider instead a telephone follow up to your company visit. Remember: Always have a copy of your resume with you Consider creating and using a calling card or business card Dress appropriately Ask for a specific person (the person responsible for hiring) - do your research and know in advance who to ask for Give a brief overview of your background, related skills , interests etc. Be enthusiastic, self-confident, polite and friendly Ask to arrange for an interview
Star Move
Why a Calling Card?

A calling card is another great tool that you can use to quickly market your skills and qualifications. It is a brief description of your key skills and experience formatted on a small business card. This tool can easily be distributed to individuals in addition to or in lieu of your resume. You may not always be able to give someone your resume but you can always provide him or her with your calling card.
The Basics
62
When should you use a calling card? Cold calling visits Meetings with friends, previous colleagues or supervisors, teachers, family, etc. Career or job fairs Interviews Attach to cover letter, thank you letter or networking letter Sample Calling Cards
Telephone Campaigns
Telephoning prospective employers is similar to cold calling only you are not visiting the company in person. As with cold calling, ask for a specific person and have an introduction prepared, outlining your experience and skills. The purpose of your call is to arrange a networking meeting. If you are a co-op student, you may wish to inquire about any work term opportunities and request an interview. A few tips: Research the company you wish to contact Obtain the name, title and telephone number of the person responsible for hiring in the department in question Always be polite and courteous to receptionists Be creative without being dishonest (I have some correspondence to forward to the Marketing Manager. Can I please have his/her name, title and exact mailing address?) Prepare your telephone script (see sample telephone scripts below). You never know when you may be speaking to a manager or supervisor. Show enthusiasm Be ready for the unexpected Avoid distractions (television, stereo, answering call waiting, etc.) Have your resume in front of you for reference Have a pen and paper ready to take notes Practise! Practise! Practise!
Action
Telephone Script for Making a Cold Call
63
Action
Hello (name of person you are calling), my name is (your name). Im calling to follow-up on the letter and resume that I sent to you last week. I am a Human Resources Management graduate with my HRPAO designation and I am now pursuing a position as an Employee Training Coordinator. I am aware that your company has recently expanded its training programs and opened an Employee Training Centre, and I would like to gain your perspective on the steps that went into this expansion and hopefully ask you some questions about training as a career. My education has given me in-depth knowledge of the principles of training and development including needs assessment, administration and evaluation practices. I have had the opportunity to successfully develop and deliver a training curriculum to a staff of 12 employees. Your feedback on this experience would be really helpful. I realize you have a tight schedule, but perhaps we could spend 20 minutes for a meeting next week? Telephone Script for Someone to Whom You Have Been Referred Good morning (name of person you are calling). My name is (your name). (Referral name) recommended that I give you a call.
Action
I am an experienced client support representative and I have recently graduated from a Network Professional program. (Referral name) suggested that you would have some good perspective on the challenges and opportunities of working in a Network Operating Centre. I understand that you do not have an open position in your team at this time, but (referral name) felt that you would be a good person for me to make contact with. Id like to set up an appointment for about 20 minutes to ask you some questions and gain your perspective. I can also share a brief overview of my skills and hopefully get your input on what Im thinking of doing in the future. Would it be possible for us to meet?
64
A Few Interesting Links About Job Search Strategies...

http://jobstar.org/hidden/index.php www.workopoliscampus.com/ (click on Resource Centre) http://career-advice.monster.ca/job-hunt-strategy/careers.aspx http://www.careerperfect.com/content/job-search/ www.quintcareers.com/networking.html www.jobsetc.gc.ca/categories.jsp?crumb=1&category_id=34&lang=e http://www.rileyguide.com/execute.html www.career.und.edu/jobsearch/networking.html Note: Many of the job posting and resume database sites listed in pages 69-70 have resources, links and articles on job search strategies.
Cyber-Search
Although all of the techniques in this chapter are valid ways of looking for a job you cannot rely only on one or the other. Develop a strategy that is a combination of all techniques.
Remember
As many jobs are not advertised, you should be spending most of your time on proactive job search strategies and NETWORKING.
Online job search:

Using the Internet
Online Job Search:

Using The Internet
The Online Job Search
Everybodys online these days and employers are no exception. More and more employers are turning to the Internet for recruiting purposes. As a job seeker you need to keep up with new methods of looking for employment even if you are not a computer science grad. Apart from just enabling you to find job postings and send resumes electronically, the Internet is a great resource to enhance all other aspects of the job search.
Cyber-Search
Researching Online
This is where the Internet really shines. With the Internet you can acquire an infinite amount of information almost immediately and with ease. Use the Internet to do the following kinds of research: Find industry information Visit the Web site of your industry or professional association Go to the Web sites of companies you are interested in Read company profiles Find articles about companies and industries Read press releases on specific companies Download annual reports of companies youve targeted See the chapter Research, Research, Research! for some useful links.
Cyber-Search
Research
Remember
Web sites are only as good as the people who maintain them. Sometimes the information you find may not be up-to-date. You can always call the company to verify information like names, addresses and phone numbers.
68
Finding Jobs Online

In addition to looking for printed job ads in newspapers, open positions can also be found online: Cyber-Search 1. Company Web sites 2. Association Web sites 3. Job posting and resume database Web sites 4. Online classifieds
Company Web Sites

Many companies have an online application process. This means that they have a page on their Web site where you apply for a job instead of sending your resume. You will be asked to enter your personal contact information and there may be questions you are required to answer by typing in a space provided, by checking boxes or choosing from drop down menus. You may be given the opportunity to paste your resume in a text box. Remember that in cases like this you should use your text only resume which you have formatted for scanning and electronic mail purposes. See the Electronic and Scannable Resumes section on page 42. Sometimes you will be provided with a text box in which to write any comments you may have. Seize this opportunity to personalize your online application by briefly telling the employer about your skills as they relate to the job and what you can do for them. Think of this section as a type of cover letter. See the section on Cover Letters on page 47 for guidance. To locate a companys Web site, you can conduct a search using www.google.ca, www.yahoo.ca, www.sympatico.ca, etc. You can also attempt to quickly locate the Web site by entering the company name followed by .com or .ca in the URL space of your browser. www.companyname.com or www.companyname.ca
Cyber-Search
Star Move
Research
Remember
Web addresses change frequently. Use a search engine to find a site thats moved. If you cant find a particular page on a Web site try entering the home page address and start there.
Job Posting And Resume Database Web Sites

Another method to quickly locate employment opportunities available in your field is to use job posting and resume database Web sites. These sites will enable you to access advertised positions for various companies. Some sites may be industry-specific (http://healthecareers.com/) while others will cater to all types of backgrounds (www.workopolis.com, http://www.jobbank.gc.ca). You can also access sites that will cater to particular groups or types of employment such as: www. workopoliscampus.com for students and graduates, www.charityvillage. com for positions in the non-profit area, and www.careeredge.ca for internship opportunities. Some sites may enable you to post your resume in a database searchable by employers seeking candidates. This type of service provides you with 24-hour exposure to a large number of employers at a local, national or even international level. When posting your resume on a public access database, remember to: Read the instructions carefully Follow all the guidelines mentioned on the Web site. Web forms vary from one job and resume database to the other Keep in mind the potential drawbacks to your privacy and confidentiality Only post your resume on established Web sites Read their employer screening policies Consider omitting personal information (name, address, phone number) and including only an email address created specifically for job search purposes
69
Cyber-Search
Star Move
A Few Interesting Links About Job Posting And Resume Databases

www.workopolis.com www.monster.ca www.working.com www.charityvillage.com www.jobshark.com http://www.jobbank.gc.ca www.gojobs.gov.on.ca www.jobs.gc.ca www.jobpostings.ca www.canadajobs.com
Cyber-Search
70
Cyber-Search
www.careerexchange.com www.employmentnews.com www.allstarjobs.ca www.jobbus.com www.careeredge.ca www.careerowl.com www.canjobs.com www.jobboom.com
Remember
Dont just send your e-resume into oblivion. Follow up your online application with a phone call as you would with a traditional resume.
Online Classifieds, Newsgroups, Mailing Lists And Web Forums

Employment and want ads found in local newspapers can sometimes be accessed through the Internet. Visit these www.newspapers24.com/ or www.onestep.on.ca/findajob/ultimate.html for a list of newspapers and classified sections available on the World Wide Web. Newsgroups are another useful tool to find out about opportunities in particular fields and/or locations. Also known as discussion groups, Usenet or Forums, newsgroups are a collection of places to post messages about particular topics, including employment opportunities. www.cyberfiber.com/ is an example of usenet and newsgroup directory. You can also try www.careerkey.com/newsgroups.htm. Some discussions may take place in real time (a discussion takes place at a specific time - also known as chats) whereas others are simply message boards that people reply to at their convenience. Either way, you can actively participate or simply choose to observe and acquire new information. Finally, mailing lists or listservs can also be a great job search tool. You simply subscribe to a particular listserv using your email address and messages and information are sent to you directly. Some sites act as listserv directories such as www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html or www. ccohs.ca/resources/listserv.html where you can find listservs on different topics. Or to find a specific listserv, simply do a search on your favourite Internet search engine.
Cyber-Search
Online Networking
71
Star Move
Surfing the various job posting services does not amount to a complete job search campaign. To be a successful job seeker, you must also consider proactive job search techniques such as networking. You can enhance your traditional networking strategy by expanding the process online. You can do this by actively participating in discussion groups, forums, social networks and blogs that allow you to exchange information with people from many different areas, companies, cities, even countries. The boundaries of time and geography are eliminated so you can contact people from virtually anywhere (from your local area to around the world) at any time. Using Discussion Groups As previously mentioned, discussion groups and listservs can be an excellent source of advertised positions. However, they are also a great vehicle to help you meet new individuals with whom you can exchange ideas and information. Joining a discussion group may help you find a person who knows about job opportunities or who can refer you to people who are currently seeking applicants. At the very least they will help you in your research of the industry, as you will hear from people working in your field. Here are a few more places that you can find discussion groups: Internet Providers www.google.ca (click on more and select Groups) http://groups.live.com Search Engines www.careerkey.com/newsgroups.htm (mentioned previously) www.searchengineshowdown.com/lists Topic Specific Discussion Sites www.canadianbusiness.com (Business) www.ccohs.ca/hscanada/hscanada.html (Health and Safety) www.cwhn.ca/cdn_women/index.en.html (Womens Issues) www.socialpolicy.ca/listserv.htm (Social Studies) www.journalismnet.com/lists/canada.htm (Journalism) www.accountantsworld.com/newforums (Accounting)
Cybersearch
Research
72
Follow these basic steps to make your participation in discussion groups successful. Action Find discussion groups using the sites mentioned above. If you are new to discussion groups, review their netiquette, FAQs and general guidelines. Be a lurker for a little while. Monitor discussions to figure out what the group is all about and who its members are. Check the archives of previous discussions to find out if your questions have already been answered. Post your first message. You may want to start with just one member who seems approachable rather than to the entire group. Respond quickly and thank your contacts for any information and help. Using Blogs Blogs are a great vehicle for expressing opinions and ideas. Many professionals and industry experts use blogs to interact and share information. A blog is a Web log, an online journal that the author uses to periodically post a commentary on a topic or a description of events. Blogs also encourage online discussions as people can post comments on the blogs they read. Blogs can assist you in your job search as well as being enjoyable to read or even write as a matter of interest. Read blogs to discover information that can lead you to potential job leads or information that can help you access the hidden job market. Post comments on a blog to connect to the author or others who have also commented on the blog. You could find yourself exchanging comments and ideas with people working in companies and industries of interest to you and learning more about how to find a job in your field. You could also consider writing your own blog. If done well, a blog could make you stand out in the eyes of employers by showcasing your skills, knowledge, experience, professional attitude and your ability to write. Using Social Networks Social networks are online sites that allow you to stay connected to other people and make new connections. You can complete an online profile and invite other people, commonly referred to as friends or contacts, to join your network. Once someone joins your network you can easily see what they are up to, view their recent activities, learn about their
The Basics
Cybersearch
The Basics
interests, post a message or email them. You can view your friends contacts and potentially connect to them as well. Specific groups also exist on social networking sites that revolve around common interests, work, locations or schools among others. Basically, the opportunity to connect with others, meet new people and maintain these connections is limitless. If you are part of the Web 2.0 generation it is highly likely that you already participate in an online social network such as Facebook (www.facebook.com) or MySpace (www.myspace.com). The concept of using social networks as a fun way of sharing information with your friends and family is probably not new. But have you thought about how these sites could help your job search? Apart from the fun and social aspect of these sites, they can serve as excellent sources for employment networking and accessing the hidden job market. Consider how easy it is to make new friends on a site such as Facebook. It can be just as easy to make networking contacts with respect to your job search. In fact it is more than likely that someone in your current list of friends has some relevant information or has a contact themselves that could help you in your job search. Make sure your friends and contacts know you are looking for a job and invite them to share any information with you that might be helpful. Keep abreast of your friends activities and watch out for anything that could lead to hidden job market information - job leads, company or contact information, insight into industries and careers, advice on job search strategies, etc. Monitor your friends lists of contacts and the communication they make with your friends - is there someone who works at a company or industry that you are interested in or knows somebody who does? Invite that person to be part of your contact list or ask your friend to facilitate a connection between the two of you. Seek out and join the specific groups that exist within these social networking sites to connect you with people who share common interests, work and career goals to expand your network of contacts. In the same way that you can find out what the hottest club is or find a new friend who shares your love of reading, so too can you discover job leads or make contact with someone in your industry. And dont forget that there are other social networks besides Facebook. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) and ysn.com are social networking sites that are focused on business and work connections and allow you to build a professional identity that can show potential employers and business contacts your skills and knowledge.
73
Cybersearch
Action
Star Move
74 Think Before you Post: Dont Jeopardize Your Job Search

The downside to using social networks and blogs is that the lines between personal and professional lives are blurring. Employers are using these sites to access personal information about potential employees in order to assist them in making hiring decisions. Many employers are checking Facebook profiles of job applicants and have even rescinded job offers due to information they have found online about the candidate. So when you are about to post that hilarious picture of you and your friends getting carried away at last nights party, think twice. Should an employer come across any behaviour or expressed opinions that are offensive or unethical, even if it is not work related, it can seriously jeopardize your job search and career success. Cases have even been reported of employees losing their jobs due to information they have posted online. Remember, what you deem as innocent fun or personal expression can be perceived by an employer as unprofessional. Make use of the privacy settings available to you on social networking sites to restrict access to your profile, and to your list of contacts if your friends are posting embarrassing or revealing details about you. The best advice is to try to maintain a professional image at all times and consider the consequences should an employer read your online profile, comments or blogs. Think before your post.
Warning
Star Move
Dont Get Caught in CyberSpace!

You may be thinking of the Internet as the answer to all your job search dilemmas. Dont get trapped by cyberspace myths! Although the Internet is a great job search resource you cannot rely on it alone. Finding a job is not as easy as clicking a mouse. Even with all the job posting Web sites out there, the hidden job market still represents 80% of employment opportunities. So dont give up networking and your traditional job search techniques in favour of an online search. You should take a combined approach to your job search, incorporating the techniques described in this this book. Remember that you are dealing with people, not just computers, and you will not likely receive a job offer without first meeting or speaking with an employer. In the end it will be your ability to interact with people, be it in interviews, or while networking, that will make your job search successful.
Warning
Get the job:

The interview
Get The Job:

The Interview
Great News...You Have An Interview!
You receive the telephone call you have been anticipating - you are being asked to go in for an interview. While you will obviously be excited and just happy about the opportunity, there are a few things you should remember to ask about to ensure that you are well prepared: Know the time and date of the interview Know the exact location and ask for directions if necessary Find out the name(s) and title(s) of your interviewer(s) Ask for a telephone number in case of emergency Find out if there is anything in particular you need to take with you Ask if there will be any special testing Ask for any advice on how to prepare Make note of any information you are given and repeat the details to the caller for verification if necessary. Enthusiastically state that you are looking forward to the interview and thank them for their time.
Star Move
Be Prepared
All of us, whether it is our first or tenth interview, are a little nervous. Here are a few points that may help to make your interview less stressful and more successful. 1. Get plenty of sleep the night before so you will be mentally fresh. 2. Time how long it will take you to get to the interview if necessary so you will be on time. 3. Learn as much as you can about the company and the job. Knowing something about each will help you answer and ask relevant questions. Conduct some research. 4. Examine the job description and identify the skills required for the job and how they match the skills you have to offer.
Star Move
78
5. Prepare answers to the most common questions, including examples demonstrating that you have the skills required for the job. 6. Practise your responses out loud to a friend or yourself. Youll be surprised at how difficult it can be to verbalize clearly what you are thinking in your head. 7. Prepare a list of questions you want to ask the interviewer. 8. Prepare your wardrobe in advance. The morning of the interview is not the time to discover that you have a stain on your only tie or you forgot to have your suit dry cleaned.
Your Interview Kit...What To Take With You

Take the following items with you to the interview. You will look professional and the employer will be impressed to see you came prepared. Action Additional copies of your resume - the interviewer may have forgotten to bring your resume to the meeting room, Human Resources may not have provided them with a copy or there may be more than one person involved in the interview. Copies of your references - they may ask for this or you may offer to provide them with a copy. Notebook and pen - you may need to make note of something. Letters of recommendation - you may want to leave these with them. Copies of transcripts, diplomas, certificates - you may be required to provide these to the interviewer. Portfolio/work samples if applicable - you make be asked to show samples of your work. If not you could offer to show them at an appropriate time during the interview. Questions for the employer - write down your questions in case you cant remember them all. A completed employment application form - if you are asked to complete an application form you can use this as a master copy to make sure you have all the details about your employment history and are able to fully complete the form. CACEE has produced a generic application form which you can access at www.cacee.com/form.html. Briefcase or professional looking folder - to carry the above items. Forgo your favourite knapsack for this occasion.
First Impressions Count
Preparation is the secret to interview success! Remember

79
Here are some tips for making a professional first impression: Be on time. Its a good idea to arrive 10 minutes early. Dress should be appropriate to the companys image and the job. For women, a suit is best but a skirt and blouse are also appropriate. Avoid excessive make-up or jewelry. For men, again, a suit is best but trousers and jacket are also acceptable with a shirt and tie. For both men and women, if you mix your clothes, be sure they match. Clothing should be clean and pressed, shoes polished, nails clean and hair neat. Enter confidently and with a smile. Shake hands firmly when the interviewer offers to do so. Do not sit until you are asked to. Body language speaks loudly. Keep hands relaxed. Avoid excessive hand motions and dont let fidgeting betray nervousness. Maintain eye contact and lean slightly forward toward the interviewer. Smile, be warm and personable. Try not to repeatedly say um, uh, or like. Listen attentively and speak clearly. Dont use one word answers, use examples to back up your statements (see The Behavioural Based Interview on page 81 to learn how to formulate effective examples). Be positive - avoid negative examples and words like hate, dislike, etc. Do not chew gum, eat or drink, even when waiting to be called.
Star Move
Remember
Most interviewers make their mind up about a candidate within the first 5 minutes of the interview. This decision is mostly based on non-verbal cues. Body language, appearance and attitude go a long way!
Telephone Interviews
Telephone interviews are becoming a common first step for many companies. They are often used as a screening interview to test communication skills. They are also sometimes used when a company is in another city and they do not want to invest in travel costs until they have determined that the candidate has the basic skills they are seeking. Treat a telephone interview with the same importance as an in-person interview. Tips for Effective Phone Interviews
The Basics
80
Schedule a time for the call to avoid an impromptu phone interview Confirm who will be calling and the length of the interview Ensure you are in a quiet place for the call, as distractions and noise will detract from the quality of the phone conversation Try to avoid using your cell phone for the interview; quality of reception can be unpredictable with some cell phones Keep a note pad and copy of your resume in front of you during the call Disregard call waiting on your phone Use an enthusiastic tone of voice; you are unable to make a visual first impression so your voice inflection, tone and clarity are very important Think about your answers before responding, but let the interviewer know why there is dead air: Let me just think about that for a moment. Preparation Tip: If you are wondering how you sound on the phone, call your own number and leave a long voice message. Play it back and critique the tone and inflection of your voice.
Star Move
Tell Me About Yourself

You know its coming - the dreaded So, tell me about yourself question. So be prepared to answer it. Prepare a job search statement, or verbal resume, about yourself. You want to tell the employer who you are in a way that will make sense to them - in other words why they should hire you. Include the skills you possess which are needed for the job and sell your strong points. The points in your job search statement will be the basis for the answers to all your interview questions. You may want to include any of the following: Your diploma or other training and relevant courses Specific skills applicable to the job Work experience and accomplishments Extracurricular activities, especially those relevant to the job or skills Goals (short term and achievable) Do not pass up this chance to sell yourself! Remember, when you tell the employer about yourself its like answering the question Why should I hire you? Your job search statement also works for similar questions: What can you contribute to this job? What are your strengths? What qualities should I know about you?
Action
81
Virtually every question in an interview is essentially asking the same thing - why should they hire you? Make sure you know the answer!
Remember
The Behavioural Based Interview

A recent trend employers are using for hiring is the behavioural interview. This type of interviewing is based on the belief that the best way to predict how a candidate will perform in the future is by knowing how he or she has performed in the past. Therefore questions run along the lines of What did you do? rather than What would you do..? This requires you to answer these types of questions with stories, citing specific situations and examples from the past, what you did and what the outcomes were. Examples of behavioural questions might be: Tell me about a time when you showed - initiative - leadership - adaptability - teamwork Tell me about a project youve had to complete on your own. Tell me about a time when you had to analyze information and make a recommendation. Describe a time when youve had to deal with - a difficult customer - a difficult co-worker When answering behavioural questions remember to follow these STAR steps: S - Explain the Situation T - Outline the Task that needed to be done A - Describe the Action, what you did (focus here on the skills you used) R - Say what the Results were - make sure theyre positive Star Move If you follow the STAR steps when answering interview questions, even if you are not asked to give an example, you will be demonstrating your skills, how you have used them and therefore how you will use them in your new job! Preparation Tip: Analyze the job description and identify the key skill
The Basics
82
Star Move
areas the position requires. If you dont have a description, find one for a similar position by searching job posting sites. See page 69 for a list of these sites. Rank the skill areas in order of importance. Anticipate what the employer may ask, based on the skill areas you have identified, and prepare concise answers that include examples using the STAR methodology. Use examples from work experience, volunteer work, education, sports and extra curricular activities.
Remember
Note which qualifications you have and how you can prove them! Think of specific stories and examples from your background which demonstrate these skills.
What Are Your Weaknesses?

When answering this question, choose something that wouldnt affect your ability to do the job. Then quickly move on to explain how you are improving in that area and remain positive about the progress. Star Move For example: As you may have noticed, English is my second language. Although I am confident in my language skills, I do need to make additional efforts to ensure that my English writing abilities are above standard. Therefore, when drafting correspondence, I may refer to a dictionary or thesaurus, use standard templates or request a colleagues proofreading skills. I realize that English writing skills are very important, so I try to focus more attention in this area to continuously improve myself.
Other Questions You May Be Asked

What is your most memorable accomplishment? Why did your choose this company? Where do you see yourself in 5 years? How has your education prepared you for this job? Why did you leave your last job? Have you ever had to deal with multiple tasks and deadlines? Tell me about a challenge you have faced. Tell me about a time you have worked as part of a team. Tell me about a mistake you have made. Why did you choose your school and program of study? Describe a situation in which you had to lead a group.
83
While it is important to practise, it is impossible to predict every question you will be asked. Instead of just memorizing stock answers make sure you have a good understanding of your skills and how they match the requirements for the job.
Remember
They Cant Ask That, Can They?

An employer may want to know as much about you as possible but there are some things that they do not need to know and which may in fact be illegal for them to ask whether in person, on the phone or on an application form. In Ontario, inappropriate questions include those asking about your: Heritage - nationality, ethnic origin, birthplace, proof of citizenship Race or colour - including eyes, skin, hair, etc. Religion or creed Age - including birth certificates, baptismal records etc. Sex - male or female, including pregnancy, childbirth Marital or family status - children, married, divorced, single, etc. Handicap or disability Language - mother tongue, language training (unless it is a requirement of the job) Pardoned convictions - criminal record, arrests Sexual orientation Affiliations - clubs or organizations (unless related to the nature of the position) If you are asked any of these questions the best thing to do is to avoid answering the question directly. Try not to get defensive which would only make the situation worse. Simply state in a professional manner that the details they have asked for would in no way affect your ability to do the job and restate your relevant skills. For example, if asked if you are going to have children you could say, I plan to pursue a career and commit to my job whether or not I have a family. Please note that some specific exceptions do apply. To learn more about Employment and Human Rights go to this site: www.ohrc.on.ca/en/resources/Guides/hiring/view Cyber-Search
Warning
Accommodation
84
If you have a disability that requires accommodation during the interview process, you may want to disclose your disability to the employer. This is to ensure that you are able to not only attend the interview but also be able to answer questions or perform tests in a fair and equitable manner. It is the employers legal responsibility to accommodate your disability both during the interview and on the job should you be hired. Be sure to find out if there are any special tests that you will have to perform at the interview. If you have any accommodation requirements you need let your interviewer know. Explain that with your usual accommodations your ability to do the job will be unaffected. To get tips on whether to disclose a disability go to the Workink site at www.workink.com/ and look for Articles For Work Seekers With A Disability. Cyber-Search
Testing
Many organizations and employers are turning to pre-employment tests as a way of determining which candidates are best suited for the job. They use these tests to measure a number of traits and qualities. The most common types of tests are:
The Basics
1. Personality tests - measure you personality traits 2. Integrity tests - also a type of personality test that rates your honesty and reliability 3. Skills tests - job specific tests that assess your ability to perform a relevant task (e.g. typing test) 4. Aptitude tests - measure your general intellectual ability and often include comprehension, logic and math items 5. Work samples and simulations - an enactment of what you would do in the job 6. Work styles or traits tests - involves asking questions that get at how you like to work 7. Specific knowledge tests - helps to find out how much you know about your subject area You may believe tests cannot be truly measure your skills or whether you are a good fit for the job. You may be right. However, keep in mind that if you do not take a test you are basically turning down the job.
Warning
Try not to think of the test as a trap or a way to detect your shortcomings. With an increased focus on Human Rights and equality, employers are
more often using tests to ensure fair and equitable hiring practices. Think of the test as something that gives you as fair a chance of getting the job as the next person. Tips For Taking Tests We all hate tests and an interview is stressful enough without one. But here are a few tips to help you get through it with success.
85
Star Move
Make sure you have made arrangements for any accommodations you require (see page 84). Listen to and read ALL instructions carefully before starting. Know what the rules of the testing platform are. Will you be penalized for wrong answers more than if you left the question unanswered? Are you allowed to go back to a previous question and change your answer or do you have just one shot at it (for computerized tests)? Do the easy questions first - when you have a time limit its best to get easy questions out of the way and then come back to the harder ones. Try to choose answers that show you have positive attributes and avoid those that may make you seem like a negative person. Dont appear inflexible - watch out for words like always and never. Answer as the ideal candidate would - based on your research of the company and the job, how would the person they want for the job answer? Watch for repeated questions - some tests will ask the same question or a variation of it several times. If you answer differently each time you will look inconsistent. Some Sample Test Questions To help you know what you might face, here are some sample test questions and in brackets what trait they are testing. When purchasing something the cashier accidentally charges you less than the actual cost of the item. Do you tell him/her? (honesty) Do you always believe that family is more important than work? (commitment to the job) A healthy co-worker calls in sick to make up for unpaid overtime. Do you consider this person honest? (honesty, integrity) What would be the next 3 numbers in this sequence - 1,3,5,7,9,11? (logic)
Do You Have Any Questions For Us?
86
Close to the end of the interview you will be asked if you have any questions for your interviewers. Your answer should always be yes! Never go into an interview without questions - you will appear uninterested in the position and company. But make sure your questions are informed ones they should not be ones that could have easily been answered with a little research. Nothing turns an employer off more than a question like What does the company do? Your questions should fill in the gaps that are left after you have done your research into the company and the job. Some Sample Questions To Ask The Employer What are some of the immediate challenges of this position (and department)? I understand you have just closed a deal with Johnson Co. Would this be one of the projects I will be working on? What qualities do successful employees possess at this company? How does the company feel about professional development? How will my performance be evaluated? If I meet or exceed your expectations, would there be an opportunity to return for a second work term? Have you ever hired a former co-op student as a regular employee? Questions NOT To Ask Probably the first question that comes to your mind is How much money will I get paid? You should, however, avoid asking questions about salary, benefits and vacation entitlement. Asking these questions may make you appear more interested in money and time off than the job itself. Save these questions until after you have been given the job offer. Once the employer has decided that you are the person for the job you are in a much better position to negotiate these things and decide if they meet your requirements.
Star Move
Warning
Closing The Deal

As the interview comes to a close you may be tempted to run for the door. Dont! Close the interview as if you were closing a sale. Take the opportunity to wrap it up with a final recap of the jobs description and requirements and how your skills match them directly. Establish what the next step is in the decision making process and when you can expect to hear from them. Thank them for their time and make a confident exit.
Star Move
A Word About References
87
Always ask the person you would like to use as a reference for permission to do so, and discuss what that individual will say about you if contacted by a prospective employer. Do they see your strengths and weaknesses as you see them? Choose someone who has witnessed your work, your skills and your knowledge for the job for which you are applying. Once you have selected and informed your references prepare a Reference List (separate from your resume) with the name, title, business address and telephone number of two or three of them. You can provide this list to employers when requested. Its a good idea to give your references a copy of your resume and make sure they are aware of the position you are looking for and which of your skills the job requires. This way they will be prepared for most questions and will know what they should be selling about you. Although it is common to do so you do not necessarily need to use your immediate supervisor. In fact this may be a bad idea should you and your boss not see eye to eye. Select someone who you KNOW is going to speak favourably of you. Even one negative comment can cost you the job. Consider another person in the company who you performed duties for or helped with a project, college instructors, clients, co-workers etc. Avoid using family members as references.
The Basics
Star Move
Warning
Remember
Always get permission from your references before providing their names and contact information to an employer.
A Few Interesting Links About Interviews...

www.job-interview.net www.quintcareers.com/intvres.html www.collegegrad.com/intv www.cdm.uwaterloo.ca/step4_4.asp www.workopoliscampus.com www.campusaccess.com/campus_web/career/c3job_inter.htm interview.monster.ca/ www.interviewcoach.com www.northeastern.edu/lifescicoop/students/documents/interviews.pdf
Cyber-Search
88
Interview Follow-Up: The Thank You Letter

Always follow-up within 24 hours of the interview (employment or informational) with a thank you letter. The thank you letter is another marketing piece you can use to sell your skills. It shows the employer you are courteous, organized and serious about obtaining a job with them. Sample Thank You Letter
Address City, Province Postal Code Date
Star Move
Action
Ms. Joanne Smith Title Company Name Address City, Province Postal Code Dear Ms. Smith: Paragraph 1. Thank the individual for the interview. State the date of your meeting and the position (if it was a job interview). Mention one or two things that the interviewer and you discussed during the interview. It was a pleasure to meet with you on Tuesday to discuss the Customer Service Representative position. I enjoyed learning more about ABC Companys mission, products and services and clientele. I was particularly interested in your training philosophy for new hires. Paragraph 2. Briefly state something about your unique qualifications that will provide a good match and benefit the company. You may also provide any relevant information, which was not mentioned in the interview. My prior sales and customer service experience along with my leadership and organization skills will enable me to be a successful manager at ABC Company. I am also a resourceful problem solver and would enjoy the many challenges that the position offers. Paragraph 3. Reaffirm your interest in the position and the company and restate your appreciation for the interview. Thank you again for taking the time to talk to me. I look forward to hearing from you with respect to an employment offer. I can be reached at (416) 555-5555 or by email at ________. Or if it is a co-op job - I can be reached via the Centennial College Co-op Department at (416) 289-5209. Sincerely, (remember to sign your letter) Your first and last name
The Job Offer

Graduates Congratulations! All your hard work has paid off - youve received a job offer! Its time to consider a few things. Is this job going to help you achieve your career and personal goals? Does it meet your basic financial requirements? As a recent grad you may be tempted to take any job you are offered. But even though you are anxious to start earning a living you should not blindly accept a job without having all the information you need in order to make a sound decision. Some important things to consider are: Start date Job title and responsibilities Work hours and days/overtime Opportunities for promotion Salary, compensation, bonus structure and earning potential Benefits package (life, medical and dental insurance coverage) Training/professional development Vacation/sick days Location/travel required Working conditions and culture of the company Dont just assume that these areas will be to your satisfaction. Confirm all of this information with the employer and negotiate if necessary. Co-op Students Offers of employment for the work term will generally be made through the Co-op office (for jobs advertised here). Action If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline the offer. However, students may only decline one position per semester. If a student declines more than one offer, he/she will no longer be able to use the services of the Co-op Department. When you have accepted an offer of employment, the Co-op Department will prepare a letter of acceptance for you to sign. We will forward this to the company. You should contact your co-op employer to confirm your start date and ask any other questions you may have about employment conditions.
89
Warning
Research
90
Making Rejection A Positive Experience

Rejection happens to everybody. The trick is to not get discouraged but try to turn rejection into a positive experience. Thank the employer for considering you and ask for feedback so you can improve your resume or interview performance. Ask for any suggestions he or she has and the names of people or organizations who might require your skills. Realize that you have gained valuable practice in selling your skills to potential employers. You are one step closer to polishing your interview technique!
Star Move
Remember
Think of every interview as a learning experience. Stay positive, motivated and enthusiastic. Success is right around the corner!
On-the-job success
On-the-Job Success
Tips For Success
Your co-op and career success depends on your ability to manage the changes required to work productively and in harmony with employers and co-workers. Theres no question that a positive attitude and good work habits will play a significant role. With any new job, youll be considered the new kid on the block! To fit in quickly and easily, recognize the importance of: Dressing to suit your work environment Arriving at and leaving work at the appropriate time each day Showing your enthusiasm for the job Using time productively Getting along with others within the organization Understanding the difference between college and the workplace Keep these simple strategies in mind: Get to know your colleagues - their names, what their responsibilities are and how your job relates to them. Concentrate on doing your job well and learning as much as you can, as quickly as possible. You may not receive an extended training period and employers may expect you to learn on the fly. If doing the job right means putting in extra hours, consider it a good investment - promotions take time and effort and recognition of skills requires results. Pay close attention to the details of your job as well as the procedures within the organization. When confronted with problems, be prepared to offer suggestions for solutions. Working with people to solve problems is a wonderful opportunity to learn. Try to be resourceful - use the information you have available to you and try to think through a problem without running for help as soon as you come across a challenge.
Star Move
Star Move
94
Be honest. Its okay to admit you dont know the answer to something or that you have made a mistake. You will earn the respect of your colleagues for your honesty and willingness to learn. Just be sure to think things through and try all the angles before giving up and attempt to think of a solution to rectify any error you have made. Be open minded. Never assume that others are operating according to your standards, your goals or your rules. Remember that people have diverse backgrounds, experiences, values and beliefs that motivate thier actions. Look at these differences as an opportunity to learn. Listen to and consider your co-workers points of view before making decisions. Having said this, you should not follow anyone blindly - get all the facts you need in order to make an informed decision. Keep up-to-date and informed about new developments, new technology and changes in your field as they relate to your job. Your solid knowledge base will be reflected in sound decisions and a job well done.
You Need An Attitude Adjustment!

Work is going to be considerably different from what you are used to at college. It is necessary to recognize the areas that require an adjustment in attitude in order to succeed. Some adjustments might include: Regular, fixed hours - You may be used to a varied class schedule at college but most jobs have regular hours (i.e. 9-5, Monday to Friday). You may not be able to sleep in on Friday mornings anymore! Attendance - You will be expected to show up at work every day unless you have a valid reason. You will not be able to take days off without having to answer to someone or without affecting the team. Working with others - This is one area where your college education will assist you at work. Your many group assignments will help you be a team player on the job. But, you may not be able to choose your teammates as you often are able to do in class. You need to be extra tactful when dealing with co-workers who may affect your future career success. Strict deadlines - It is true that you always have due dates for your assignments at school. But how many of you have not, now and again, handed an assignment in late or asked for an extension? After all, its up to you if you can handle losing a few marks, right? At work, however, you will not have this luxury. Your inability to meet deadlines will affect not only yourself, but your co-workers, department and organization.
Warning
Email Etiquette
Effective communication is the key to success in both finding and maintaining a job. Successful people can communicate effectively both when speaking and in written form. You should present emailed information in a professional manner, just as you would in person and when using other forms of business communication. It is important to distinguish how you communicate via email in professional settings with employers or coworkers and how you do so with friends and family. For example, text messaging abbreviations such as U= you, R= are, etc. are not accepted as business communication. The use of correct spelling and proper grammar, including punctuation and capitals is imperative to effective communication in a work setting. Keep the recipient in mind when composing an email. Use the same words and tone you would when speaking directly with the person (e.g. your friend vs. your boss). Your professionalism and potential will be seriously questioned if you are perceived as someone who is unable to write well or who does not know how to communicate on an appropriate level. When stating actions that you would like the recipient to take, try to make requests rather than orders. Be as polite in email communications as you would be in person. Too often people allow themselves to forget manners and use sarcasm, rudeness and express explicit anger when emailing. When dealing with conflict or complex situations, an email may not be appropriate; consider a face-to-face discussion where misinterpretations are less likely to occur. If you are angry about an issue, wait a while until you cool down before sending an email - you will likely avoid compromising your work relationships and reputation. Like any other form of correspondence, emails can leave a lasting impression in the workplace.
95
Star Move
Warning
It can get difficult to stay abreast of replying to all the emails that you receive within the same day but try to get back to people promptly. Usually, it would be polite to respond as quickly as you would to a phone message. If you are going to be away, set up an automatic reply notifying senders of your absence, when you will be back and perhaps an alternate person they can contact. Read your emails carefully and when responding, address the issues raised by your recipient concisely. It is annoying to get a reply that does not answer the question that was asked. To avoid confusion, be clear about the actions you want the recipient to take. Keep emails as brief as possible - nobody likes a long email. It may be appropriate to include extensive details on a subject in an attached document.
Action
96
Warning
Although it may be tempting, refrain from using company resources for personal matters. Have your friends email your personal account and wait until you leave work to check your personal messages. Leave the jokes, photos and chain mail for home. Your work email account and computer are property of the company and your employer has the right to read your email and track keystrokes to detect personal use of resources. If your job requires communicating with people outside of the company, be sure that you are not disclosing confidential company information. Once you click send, you can not retrieve an email. Unlike conversations that come to an end and only exist in memory unless recorded, an email can last forever. Be certain that you have addressed your message to the correct recipient and that you are comfortable with the fact that what you have written can become a permanent paper trail leading back to you. Remember that emails can also be easily forwarded to people other than those who you intended them to be for - be careful when sending confidential information and think again before including unprofessional comments. Disciplinary action or even termination can occur as a result of improper email use. Inappropriate use of company resources, disrespect or mistreatment of co-workers or clients, inappropriate language or subject matter, and views that are contrary to the philosophy/policies of the company, are just some examples of email related issues that can jeopardize your career. Email is a prolific tool and when used wisely and properly can portray you as a professional person and excellent communicator. Remember, communicating effectively is an important step to career success!
Warning
Staying Connected - Social Networking

Your ability to network and stay connected to people will play a large part in your career success. Having a broad network of contacts means you will be more likely to hear about potential jobs, opportunities for promotion and growth areas in the company/industry. Although not the only way to network, social networking sites such as Facebook, Hi5 or MySpace can be very useful in this respect. Be sure to read the section on using social networks in the Online Job Search chapter. Apply the same strategies for online networking to your career management and you may discover many opportunities and contacts that can lead to career success. As helpful as cyber networking can be in career management and networking, there are a few cautions one should heed when using social networking Web sites for personal and social purposes. Keep in mind the old
Star Move
Warning
saying of refraining from mixing business with pleasure. Because these sites are primarily thought of as venues for sharing personal information, it is easy for your judgment to be blurred when it comes to what type of information is appropriate to share. For example, if you work for Coke and a Pepsi employee visits your office, you would not share company secrets with them. However, it is easily forgotten when using social networking sites that others can view the information you put out there. Employees have received formal warnings, and may have even been terminated, for discussing company information with colleagues, friends and relatives on public networking sites. Other things to avoid include venting about work issues, ridiculing or disrespecting colleagues, clients and competitors, and complaining about your boss and policies and practices at your workplace. It has been argued that these topics are part of common, harmless, water-cooler chit-chat and that everyone is entitled to their own opinion in a country like Canada, where freedom of speech is a valued right. Freedom of speech may well be your right, but for the majority of employees who sign an employment contract, there is usually a clause that states they agree to withhold any comments or actions that may be perceived as negative or harmful to the companys reputation and success. Employees usually forget this fine print and become engaged in what is commonly known as misconduct and can be terminated or disciplined because they took water-cooler chit-chat to a social networking site. Employers can discover employees engaging in misconduct on social networking sites by creating their own profiles and either becoming contacts of their employees or by joining the same discussion groups and forums as their employees. Even a fellow colleague may discover misconduct and report it to management. It could also be possible for clients and competitors to sue companies due to remarks that were made by an employee on a social networking site. Most structured social networking Web sites offer privacy settings to users. These settings can be adjusted to allow or disallow other members of the Web site to view a users personal information, messages to other members, group memberships and other information. It is a good idea to adjust your privacy settings on these sites, just in case!
97
Warning
Action
Keeping in touch with present or former colleagues, friends and relatives via social networking Web sites is a good thing, as long as conversations stay away from confidential business related topics.
98
Diversity And Global Citizenship At Work

Ready to change the world? At Centennial, you are exposed to an inclusive learning environment that is designed to enable you with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to value diversity, promote social justice and become socially responsible in both local and global communities. Now is the time to start thinking about how you can take this Signature Learning Experience to the workplace. As a co-op student you will understandably be primarily focused on learning and doing a good job. After all, the point of your work term is to get related work experience and make a good impression on your boss and coworkers in hopes of opening up options for future job prospects. You may be afraid as a new employee to do anything that will rock the boat or draw negative attention to yourself. However, nobody is suggesting that you hold a protest at work, seek out ways to defame your employer or take other drastic gestures of social justice. As a global citizen, you can approach your work term with an open mind to the current issues that affect our globe, look for ways you can get involved, and consider how you can influence and impart change. Are there any related committees you could volunteer to sit on? Are there any company events that you could participate in, such as a local clean-up project or even a fundraising event for countries in conflict? These are just some of the ways you can be involved without risk to your job or reputation. Do you have your own suggestion for ways the company could be more involved? Let your employer know. Just be sure to strike a balance between these efforts and fulfilling your job responsibilities. Put to good use your experience interacting with people from diverse backgrounds. Companies are looking for employees who can assist them in a global marketplace where business is moving into international markets and the workplace is becoming multicultural and diverse. Companies need to remain competitive and to do so means being culturally competent that is, understanding how our beliefs and culture influence our actions and decisions. Being adaptable, knowledgeable about cultural dimensions and valuing diversity will allow you to effectively work within cross-cultural situations with a high level of respect for others. Utilize your critical thinking skills to work with others in todays multicultural and multinational business environment. This is expertise that employers both large and small are looking for. The next generation of workers has to be prepared to work anywhere and with anyone to get the task at hand accomplished. Global citizenship is not a catch phrase; it is a business imperative.
Action
Star Move
Learning Objectives
Every co-op student hopes that the co-op work term will provide a good learning experience. But what will you learn? What will you achieve which will enhance your career opportunities? How can you be sure you will develop technical and business skills? Will you be more marketable as a result of the work term experience? Will you be able to communicate better with professional staff? The answer, in part, depends on how effectively you set, and follow-up on, personal learning objectives. Learning objectives can relate to business, technical or personal skills which you wish to develop during the work term. Your learning objectives should reflect areas where you wish to improve personally. They must, also, reflect the reality of the workplace, your job duties and assignments, departmental and company goals, etc. What exactly is a learning objective? It is a specific, measurable statement of what you would like to learn, accomplish or improve on during your work term.
99
The Basics
How To Set Objectives

Here are some guidelines for developing effective learning objectives: 1. Set only a few, important objectives. Trying to accomplish too much by setting a long list of objectives may frustrate you and result in failure to meet your objectives. 2. Make each objective specific, measurable and achievable. Write it down so you can review it regularly. 3. Establish a specific time frame for activities of each objective. 4. Review the duties described in the job description and the information you gathered in the interview to relate your initial objectives to the nature of the job. Then, at the start of the work term, you will be prepared to discuss your initial objectives with your supervisor. Your objectives can then be refined with the help of your supervisor, who should approve them. 5. Review your objectives regularly and assure you are meeting your timelines and expectations. 6. Be prepared to alter an objective if changing job duties or assignments make it difficult to accomplish your original objective. 7. At the end of your work term reflect on the objectives you have met or exceeded. Be sure your resume reflects your accomplishments.
Action
100
Here are a few examples: I will save money for my next school term. - a poorly stated objective because it is not specific or measurable. Restate as follows: I will save $200 each week during the work term resulting in an overall savings of $3200 at the end of my 16 week work term. I will learn to use Microsoft Access. - a poorly stated objective because activities are not specified and there are no measures stated. Restate as follows: I will complete a CBT course in MS Access and learn to design a table, develop queries and create forms, reports and charts. I will practise making group presentations. - a poorly stated objective because there are no activities and timelines to measure. Restate as follows: I will present a summary of my activity and progress each Friday at the department status meeting. At the end of the work term I will make a 15 minute PowerPoint presentation of my work term project at the Managers meeting.
Objectives Are SMART

To remember how to set good objectives think of the SMART formula: S - Specific M - Measurable A - Attainable R - Realistic T - Timebound
Star Move
Make Learning Objectives Work On The Job

One of the key activities at the start of your work term will be to establish targets or objectives that you will be responsible for accomplishing in your job. Your supervisor will expect you to work with him/her to define what must be done, how performance will be measured, what standard of performance is expected, what deadlines will exist for activities and the relative importance of the goals for your job. This is an appropriate time to discuss incorporating your learning objectives into goal setting for the work term. Such mutual goal setting is common in many companies and is part of a process called Management by Objectives.
Star Move
Employer Expectations
Your employer will not expect you to be an expert in your field but they will be looking for certain elements in your performance: The Basics Be keen, eager to learn and enthusiastic about the job Be able to learn quickly and use available resources Be a team player/willing to help Be a good communicator Be friendly and enthusiastic Have good attendance and punctuality Follow instructions/listen effectively/ask intelligent questions Be accurate and able to meet deadlines Have respect for others and treat people equitably
101
Meeting Expectations
There are certain things you can do that will help you meet your employers expectations. Here are some tips: Star Move Take an appointment book/planner and notebook with you. Recording important dates will help you meet deadlines and making note of your tasks will save you from asking your employer to repeat instructions. Ask only intelligent questions - those that are clearly stated and show you have tried to resolve a problem but now need specific help Listen and learn from your co-workers. Reach out to others and make friends. Read handbooks and other information carefully. Do the right thing - act with honesty, integrity, fairness and respect. Dont be a clock watcher! You will not look enthusiastic about the job if you bolt for the door right at the end of the day and not a minute later. Take initiative to ask for more responsibilities. Limit personal calls and turn your cellular phone off when at work. Use email and Internet access for business purposes only.
Performance Evaluations
As with any job, your performance will be evaluated in order to measure how well you are meeting expectations and objectives. For your co-op work term, your employer will complete an evaluation form which will count towards 60% of your work term grade. The other 40% of your mark comes from your Work Term Report (see page 107).
The Basics
102
Sample Performance Evaluation Form
103
104
Star Move
To make sure you receive a good mark on your performance evaluation, clarify your employers expectations. What one employer considers a B performance may only be a C to another employer. Its a good idea to tie your learning objectives (page 99) in with the areas youll be rated on in the performance evaluation. You should also arrange a meeting half-way through your work term at which time you can review the evaluation form and your performance to date with your employer. This way you will know where you stand long before you receive your final mark and will have the chance to improve on areas of weakness.
You Have Expectations Too!

With hard work and dedication comes some wonderful benefits. You, too, will have your expectations met if you approach the job with the right attitude and professionalism. Some of these expectations may be: Action To gain experience related to your major To learn new skills To make money To develop future opportunities for your next work term or as a graduate To have fun and make friends To build a network of contacts to aid you in your future job search To be challenged and contribute by doing meaningful work To work in an inclusive, equitable environment free of discrimination
Remember
Your work term is a learning experience and the amount that you learn depends on how much effort you put into it. Do not overlook this great opportunity to gather knowledge and skills that will help guide your future career.
A Few Interesting Links About On-The-Job Success...

http://www.cafce.ca/en/tips-2000Spring http://career-advice.monster.ca/career-development/careers.aspx Cyber-Search
The work term report
The Work Term Report

The Purpose Of The Work Term Report
The work term report gives students an opportunity to demonstrate their writing skills to their work term employer. You should seize this opportunity to make a favourable impression on the employer. The Basics A good work term report demonstrates planning, organization and presentation skills as well as written clarity, analytical criticism and professionalism. Satisfactory evaluations are required for each work term report and a work report must be submitted at the end of every work term. This is a formal business report so please refer to your Business Communications English course for assistance with your writing style. As well there are tutoring services available at the college through Student Services, to help you with writing a formal report. Please make sure you look at the required components of a work report outlined on page 108. Research There is also a very good guide on line from the Federal Governmentthe Federal Plain Language Guidelines at http://www.plainlanguage.gov and guidelines on the University of Victoria Web site at http://www.web. uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/GrammarToc.html.
Selecting The Topic

Probably the most difficult task in writing a work report is deciding on the topic. Start searching early in your term for a suitable topic and gather information and background material. Often your supervisor or manager will suggest a topic that the company would like investigated. Your report must NOT merely be a user guide, a technical description or an informational report. It must contain your own ideas and be a critical analysis of your topic. An ideal topic would allow you to identify problems, provide analysis of those problems, offer alternative solutions to each problem, analyze each solution and summarize the solution that you are recommending.
Warning
108
Confidential Reports
You should try to find a topic that will allow your report to be submitted to the College for evaluation. In some circumstances, however, your employer will find that your report is CONFIDENTIAL and cannot leave company premises. In these cases you should notify your Co-op Administrator who will contact your employer and arrange to evaluate your report at the company.
The Basics
Components Of The Work Term Report
Your report will contain these sections (see an explanation of each below): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Front Cover Title Page Letter of Submittal Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures Summary Conclusion Recommendations Introduction Main Body References Glossary Appendices
1. Front Cover Your report must be bound within firm (plastic is acceptable) covers and be held together at the spine. Paper clips, staples, individual rings or spring clips are not acceptable. 2. Title Page The title page will expand on the information on the front cover. Center the information on the title page similar to the Sample Title Page found on page 112. 3. Letter of Submittal The letter of submittal is a formal business letter informing the evaluator about your company, your supervisor/manager, your work responsibilities and your work report. See the Sample Letter of Submittal on page 113.
4. Table of Contents The Table of Contents lists all the major sections and subsections of your report. Use the same numbering system in the Table of Contents and the Main Body of your report. See the Sample Table of Contents on page 114. 5. List of Tables and Figures These two lists on separate pages follow the same format as the Table of Contents and list all the tables and figures found in the Main Body of your report. 6. Summary The Summary (see page 115) should be written after you have completed the rest of your report. It summarizes what is found in your entire report and includes: the purpose of your report the major points found in the main body of your report highlights of the conclusions highlights of the recommendations 7. Conclusions The conclusions state the results of your investigation or analysis. They should be reported as a sequence of one or two sentence paragraphs. See the Sample Conclusions on page 116. 8. Recommendations
109
Recommendations indicate what actions should be taken as a result of your conclusions and analysis. While recommendations may be speculative, they should logically follow from the analysis contained in the Main Body of your report. See the Sample Recommendations on page 117. 9. Introduction The introduction sets the stage for what is to follow in the Main Body of your report. It should supply the background required for your analysis, define the topic, explain why the analysis is important and state the objectives of your report. The introduction should encourage the reader to continue. See the Sample Introduction on page 118.
110
10. Main Body The analytical component should explain the current situation and discuss advantages/disadvantages, strengths/weaknesses or comparisons/contrasts. Next it should develop alternate solutions and an analysis of the recommendation. When citing literature, you must acknowledge this help in the Reference section of your report. The main body of your report should not exceed 3,000 words and in most cases should be 10-15 double spaced typed pages. 11. References This section may also be called the Bibliography and lists all the publications referred to in the Main Body. Use the standard format for Bibliographies found in the textbooks. You are encouraged to acquire and refer to the Centennial College Style Sheet: A Guide to Format and Documentation published by the English Department and available in the Bookstore. This publication will be very helpful in formatting and documenting your work report. There are generally two parts to the Reference section, the Bibliography and the Footnotes. The Bibliography lists all the publications referred to in the main body. It can also be accessed on line at http://library.centennialcollege.ca/library/researchhelp/mlastyle Footnotes can either be listed at the bottom of each applicable page, or all listed on a separate page before or after the Bibliography page. Footnotes always include the author, title and page number. Footnotes are mandatory when quoting or paraphrasing anything from an outside source. Failure to include applicable footnotes is considered plagiarism which is a breach of academic honesty and is severely punished. Please Remember refer to the College Academic Policy on Plagiarism for further details. 12. Glossary Use a glossary of terms only if you have used a lot of specialized or industry related terms that your intended audience will not understand. 13. Appendices The Basics Appendices should contain supporting information to the points made in the Main Body of the report. This information could include long
tables, computer output, special reports, maps, etc. If including more than one appendix, label each appendix consecutively using letters or numbers, for example: Appendix A, Appendix B, or Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc. Not all work reports require appendices.
111
Star Move
Your work term report is not a description of what your duties on the job were. It is a report in which you find a solution to a problem, and make recommendations while using your analytical skills.
Evaluation And Grading

You will find a sample work report evaluation form on page 119. Each component of the report represents a percentage of the evaluation. Graphics and structure of the report are marked on a 3-point scale. Two marks are awarded for report items completed as required, one mark for including the item but with errors or omissions and no marks if the item is missing. The overall appearance of the report, writing style and contents of the report involve subjective judgement and subsequent grading on the part of the evaluator. Students should ensure that they understand what is expected in each of these areas. A large component (40%) of the work report grade comes from correct grammar, spelling and writing style. To ensure a good grade in these areas, students should get co-workers, supervisors and other friends with excellent English skills to proofread their report. One mark from a maximum of ten is subtracted for each grammatical error. Two marks from a maximum of twenty are subtracted for each spelling mistake. If the same word is spelled wrong throughout the entire report, only two marks will be subtracted.
Remember
If you treat the writing of work term reports as an opportunity to practise and improve your business writing skills, you will enjoy the rewards throughout your business career.
112
Sample Work Term Report
CENTENNIAL COLLEGE CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION
TAPE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND LIBRARY ROOM LAYOUT
American Express Canada Limited Markham, Ontario
Prepared by: Joe Student 3rd Semester Computer Systems & Networks Technology September 8, 2008 816-183-024
113
1212-1841 Victoria Park Avenue Scarborough, Ontario M1T 1S9 September 8, 2008 Ms. Kathleen Winningham Manager, Co-op Education and Employment Resources Centennial College P.O. Box 631, Station A Scarborough, Ontario M1K 5E9 Dear Ms. Winningham: This report entitled Tape Management Systems and Library Room Layout, was prepared as my 3rd semester work report for the IT Department of American Express. This is my first work term report. One of the responsibilities of the IT Department is backing up systems to off-load substantial amounts of temporary data. The IT Department is headed by Mr. Bob Waterman and is primarily involved in the maintenance and upgrading of all the information technology used at American Express. This report is an analysis of the backup system as well as the layout of the room that stores the backup systems. This report has been prepared and written by me and has not received any previous academic credit at this or any other institution. I would like to thank Mr. Bob Waterman, Mr. Ron Smith and Ms. Anne Black for their assistance in preparing this document. Sincerely, Joe Student Joe Student ID 816-183-024
114
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Purpose of Report 2.0 CURRENT OPERATING PROCEDURES 2.1 Room Layout 2.2 Operating Systems 2.3 User Interfacing 3.0 ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PROBLEMS 3.1 Room Layout Problems 3.2 Operating System Inefficiencies 3.3 User Interfacing Survey 4.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS 4.1 Alternative Room Layouts 4.2 Operating System Enhancements 4.3 User Survey Results 5.0 ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS 6.0 REFERENCES 7.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS APPENDIX 1 New Floor Layout APPENDIX 2 User Survey Questionnaire (i) (ii) (iii) 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 7 9 10 10 12 13 14 16 17 18 19
115
SUMMARY This report analyzes the current methods of tape storage used in large computer centres where more than 20,000 tapes may be housed. Data storage and handling requirements have more than doubled in the past six years. The library area is now cramped with a higher volume of extra tapes and users increasingly can not find needed tapes quickly. Incorrect tape mounts have increased in number. Some labelling errors have been noted. It was concluded that the current tape management system is not adequate for tape libraries containing more than 20,000 volumes, for libraries with high frequency tape movement or for off-site movement of large numbers of tapes. It is recommended that a cost benefit analysis of the new PTMS system is undertaken. The brief analysis performed in this report suggests its superiority to the current system.
(i)
116
CONCLUSIONS User problems, wrong tape mounts and physical tape errors have increased in the past six months. Analysis shows that the current tape management system is inadequate for the large volume of tape movement and for the large number of tapes held in the library. Tape usage has outgrown the current tape management system.
(ii)
117
RECOMMENDATIONS More physical space is required for the tape library to house the increased number of tapes and a new storage layout is required. An in depth cost benefit analysis of the new PTMS system should be undertaken.
(iii)
118
1.0
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background
In recent years, computer usage in the business world has increased dramatically. Inventory control, manufacturing, accounting, financial, banking, sales and marketing applications have been loaded onto computer systems. For each of these systems there is a need to store data. One storage medium is magnetic tape. Magnetic tape allows computer users to off-load amounts of temporary data from online storage devices such as disks. System and disk backups are also stored on tape using tape cycling methods. 1.2 Purpose of Report
In this report the current tape management system used on the L/VM1 system will be analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the system will be identified and an upgraded tape management system will be introduced. Additionally the tape library room layout will be critically analyzed.
<Main body continues on from this point> -1-
Work Report Evaluation Forms
119
120
Summary:
Things to remember
Things to Remember
1. Know yourself! You are selling a product - you and your skills.
Make sure you know the product well. Remember
Summary:
2. Know your industry and job! Research! The more you know
the better prepared you will be for all aspects of the job search, especially where the opportunities are and how you can position your strengths.
Research
3. Know how your skills match those required for the job! 4. Be your own publicist! Remember, you are marketing yourself. 5. Be proactive! Do not rely only on the advertised job market.
Warning
6. Network! Networking is your way into the hidden job market which
represents 80% of job opportunities.
7. Personalize your job search! Do in-depth research on

The Basics
companies, allowing you to target a specific company, departments or hiring manager and tailor your job search to meet their needs.
8. Follow-up! Maintain consistent contact with the people in your

Action
network. Place a phone call confirming receipt of your resume and requesting a meeting when applying for a job. Always follow-up offers of assistance and interviews with a thank you letter.
9. Have a good attitude! Remain positive, show interest, enthusiasm

and initiative.
10. Always be prepared! Preparation gives you the confidence you

Star Move need to succeed.
124
Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Co-Op at Centennial: Your Guide To Co-Op Education and Future Employment

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Co-Op at Centennial: Your Guide To Co-Op Education and Future Employment

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Co-op at Centennial

Your guide to co-op education and future employment

Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

How This Book Is Organized

Your First Step: Who Am I ? ......................................................................... 13

Get Informed: Research! Research! Research! ............................................ 19

Market Yourself: The Tools You Need .......................................................... 27

Your Job Search Strategy: Looking For Work .............................................. 51

Online Job Search: Using The Internet ......................................................... 65

vii Get the Job: The Interview ............................................................................ 75

On-The-Job Success ..................................................................................... 91

The Work Term Report ............................................................................... 105

SampleWorkTerm Report ...................................................................................................112 Work Report Evaluation Forms ........................................................................................... 119

Summary: ThingsTo Remember ................................................................ 121

Who Will Find Me A Job?

Co-op is a team effort - make sure you hold up your end

The Steps In The Process - What You Need To Do

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

How To Apply To Co-op Jobs

Policies - The Rules Of The Game

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

10 Your Questions Answered

A Few Interesting Links About Co-op...

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Your first step:

Your First Step:

Some Questions To Consider:

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Develop Your Skills Inventory

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

A Few Interesting Links About Self Assessment

What Are Employers Looking For?

Cultural Competence - Skills for a Globalized Workplace

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Research! Research! Research!

Some Things You Need To Know

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Using The Internet As Your Source For Research

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

A Few Interesting Links About Informational Interviewing

A Few Interesting Links For Salary Information...

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Possible Resume Headings

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Focus On Transferable Skills

Improved Increased Oversaw Planned Prioritized Interpreted Interviewed Investigated

Designed Devised Engineered Fabricated

Maintained Operated Overhauled Programmed

Developed Enabled Encouraged Evaluated Developed Directed Established Founded

Explained Facilitated Guided Informed Illustrated Initiated Integrated Introduced

Compiled Executed Generated Implemented Inspected

Clerical or Detail Skills

Monitored Organized Prepared Processed Purchased Influenced Interpreted Mediated Moderated

Corresponded Drafted Edited Formulated

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Which Format To Use

Other Resume Tips