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Seventh Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Wireless Communication

a. Which interference is more problematic, adjacent channel interference or co-channel interference? Explain your answer. (06 Marks) b. Why are cells designed as hexagon despite the fact that antenna coverage is generally uniform in all directions? (06 Marks) c. A city has an area of 4550 square miles. Find the total number of hexagonal cells that can be accommodated, if the diameter of the circle perfectly encompassing the hexagon is 10m?
(08 Marks)

a. Explain power control in cellular communication. How does this help in reducing interference? (06 Marks) b. Name some techniques used to improve coverage and capacity in cellular systems. Explain anyone of them. (08 Marks) c. A city has 180 cells with each cell having 19 channels each. It has been found that users in this city average three calls per hour at an average call duration of two minutes. For a GOS of 0.02, it is found that the total carried traffic A is 12 Erlangs. Calculate the total number of subscribersthat can be supported by the cellular system. (06 Marks) a. What are the different types of handoff strategies? Explain their differences. (06 Marks) b. Calculate the worst case signal-to-interference ratio where the radius of the cell is R and the distance between centers of the nearest co-channel cells is D. Assume a path loss exponent n = 4 and a seven cell reuse pattern. For calculation purpose, omni directional antennas and only the first tier of interfering cell can be considered. (08 Marks) c. Calculate the worst case signal-to-interference ratio under the same conditions in 2(b), except instead of omni-directional antennas, consider 1200 directional antennas. What is the change in S/1? (06 Marks) a. What are the basic propagation mechanisms which impact propagation in a mobile communication system? Explain any two of them. (10 Marks) b. Calculate the received signal in dB in a free space propagation model if the transmitted signal is 40 dB at 900 MHz and the distance between the transmitter and receiver is 10m. Assume the gain of the transmitting antenna to be 5 and the gain of the receiving antenna to
be 10.
(10 Marks)

a. Write short notes on the following: i) Nonuniform quantization ii) Adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) iii) Vocoders iv) USDC codec.

For a 3 bit uniform quantizer that spans the range (OV, 3.5V), determine the step size of the b. quantizer. Assuming no error in transmission, plot the output voltage magnitude as a function of time if the output received is 001100101010. (08 Marks) 6 a. Explain some of the factors influencing small scale fading. (06 Marks) b. A vehicle is moving at a speed of 60 meters/see towards a base station transmitting at a frequency of 3000 MHz. Calculate the received frequency and the Doppler shift. What is the received frequency ifthe vehicle was moving away from the base station? (08 Mar~) c. Explain the types of small scale fading based on Doppler spread. (06 Marks) a. What are the various types of pulse shaping techniques? Explain anyone of them. (08 Marks) b. With a neat illustration, explain how the differential encoding process takes place in DPSK.
(06 Marks)

c.

Assume the code 111001 needs to be sent by n/4 QPSK. Determine the values of h and Qk during transmission if eO = 0. (06 Marks)

a. Explain the salient features of FDMA, TDMA, CDMA. (08 Marks) b. Explain the differences between slotted and unslotted (Pure) ALOHA packet transmission.
(06 Marks)

c. A total of 28.525 MHz is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system. 25 kHz is the bandwidth given to each channel (simplex band). If the numbers of control channels are 21, find the total number of users that can be simultaneously supported in this network. What is the number of users that can be simultaneously supported in each cell if a seven-cell reuse pattern is used? (06 Marks)