High Frequencies and Microwaves

Rosana Ruiz Fernndez

Laboratory #1
Description: In this first session we have a first contact with the laboratory waveguide measurements bench. The task of this lab is to measure the amplitude of the electric field in a waveguide in these three different cases: Shortcircuit. Opencircuit. Matched impedance. We can observe the measurement scheme in the following figure:

Elements description: 1. Generator: Generates the microwave signal. 2. Isolator: Makes an attenuation to the backward traveling wave in order to protect the generator from the reflected wave. 3. Variable attenuator: It's a device used to attenuate the signal, mainly because the detector doesn't work the same with all signal amplitudes and we want to attenuate this amplitude in order to work in a range where the measured amplitude values are more reliable. In this case, this happens below 2mV. 4. Frequency-meter: It measures the frequency of the signal. 5. Detector: It's made by a diode that converts electromagnetic field into electrical signals, but with a non-linear relation. 6. Termination: The line termination that we observer were the three following: a) Short circuit. b) Open circuit. c) Matched load.

We can see the measured values in the following table:

Detector Position [mm] |Ushort| [mV] |Uopen| [mV] |Umatched| [mV]

35
18 8.4 6.5

37

39

41

43
5.9 4.9

45
1.8

47

49

51
5.7

53
10.1

55

57

59

61

63

65

67

69
2.4 5.9

71

73

75
5.5

77
10.2

18.5 15.5 11 7.3 5.9 5

0.04 1.8

14.5 18.1 20

18.4 16.9 12.6 7.5 7.9 6.2 5.09 5

0.07 1.3 7.1 8.7

4.89 5.25 9 7.7

10.01 10.09 10.2 10.5 9.9 7.3 7 6.9

10.2 11.5 7.39 7.22

7.15 7.2

7.24 7.32 7.64 7.9

6.95 7.18 7.21 7.39 7.42 7.59 7.68 7.62 7.6

In order to make a graphic representation of the field I used the following commands in Matlab: Short=[18 18.5 15.5 11 5.9 1.8 0.04 1.8 5.7 10.1 14.5 18.1 20 18.4 16.9 12.6 7.5 2.4 0.065 1.3 5.5 10.2]; open=[8.4 7.3 5.9 5 4.9 4.89 5.25 9 10.01 10.09 10.2 10.5 9.9 7.9 6.2 5.09 5 5.9 7.1 8.7 10.2 11.5]; matched=[6.5 7.15 7.2 7.24 7.32 7.64 7.9 7.7 7.3 7 6.9 6.95 7.18 7.21 7.39 7.42 7.59 7.68 7.62 7.6 7.39 7.22]; short=sqrt(short); %Because what we read at the sensor is the voltage value elevated to the power of 2 open=sqrt(open); matched=sqrt(matched); position=35:2:77; plot(position,short,'red*-'); hold on; grid on; plot(position,open,'blue*-'); plot(position,matched,'green*-');

Obtaining the following graphic representation:

Measure of the guide wavelength g By reading the distance between two consecutive minimum values: g = (71mm-48mm)*2 = 46mm By using the expression: g = c0 f 2 f ( 1( c ) ) f a=2cm f =10GHz Error: ( g )c ( g )m e= 100=53 % ( g )c =30mm