DATA ANALYSIS AND DECISION MODELLING

(CO5124.SP52) ASSIGMENT 1

NAME

: NGO CHI NGUYEN - 12528511

: NGUYEN MONG HIEN 12608524
: NGUYEN MINH HANH 12530661
: NGUYEN MINH DAO 12528600
: HOANG NHAT TAN 12618888

DATE

: 12th Sep, 2011.

Contents

Page No.

1. Question 1 .....................................................................................................

i. Question 1a ........................................................................................,......

ii. Question 1b ...............................................................................................

iii. Question 1c ........................................................................................,......

2. Question 2 .....................................................................................................

3. Question 3 ......................................................................................................

4. Question 4 ........................................................................................................ 10

ASSIGNMENT 1

DISCUSION
Question 1
Step 1: Prepare data for question 1a, question 1b, question 1c
In order to answer these questions, a table include price of supermarket chains need to
be created. From the raw data in file Excel, using PHStat > Data Preparation > Unstack
data (Figure 1.0) with Grouping Variable Cell Range is Name column and Stack Data
Cell Range is Price column, we have table (Table 1.0):

Figure 1.0
1
100.20
98.21
99.21
98.98
99.13
99.43
95.00
95.71
99.61
99.18
99.25
101.66
102.58
103.02
98.29
98.88
99.71
99.92
100.64
100.84
98.58

3
96.11
96.22
96.86
98.49
100.11
105.52
100.63
101.89
109.65
97.16
101.02
101.96
102.73
98.66
98.85
98.90
99.31
102.17
99.45
100.72
106.15

2
101.75
101.08
99.18
101.83
102.82
104.05
100.91
102.55
103.17
97.63
100.93
102.22
103.03
103.69
104.51
101.77
102.31
102.53
98.43
101.17
103.19

ASSIGNMENT 1

99.20
99.87
99.99
99.45
104.08
104.69
105.99
106.12
99.05
99.49
99.18
99.16
99.38
99.55
99.55
102.50
95.66
95.77
102.49
100.26
97.84
98.36
100.58
100.65
102.07
107.01
107.01

98.92
99.18
103.25
103.56
108.30
104.69
101.39
101.83
105.62
105.93
107.45
108.41
98.58
100.67
100.86
100.90
101.46
96.84
97.78
102.32
98.20
98.28
100.97
101.86
102.02
101.37
107.01
Table 1.0

101.47
100.71
109.06
109.95
108.79
110.57
108.79
98.62
104.49
98.58
103.93
107.20
102.65
98.14
98.43
98.60
102.88
98.67
101.27
102.74
102.83
102.94
103.48
102.76
103.79
103.31
104.10

Describer Table 1.0:

1: Coles supermarkets
2: Woolworths/Safeway supermarkets
3: Others supermarkets
Step 2: Apply PHStat > Multiple-Sample Tests >One-way ANOVA to table above

ASSIGNMENT 1

Figure 1.1
Choose data for Group Data Cell Range, select First cell contain label and
Tukey-Kramer Procedure, we have result in figures:
Question 1a

Figure 1.2
Base on the result above we reject H0 for prices at supermarkets because F value
(7.190346097) > F crit (3.060291772)
In conclusion: there is difference in the average price of the basket of 34 items at
different supermarkets. In other word, the claim is not correct.
Question 1b

ASSIGNMENT 1

From the table above, we have F > F_crit (7.190346097 comparison with 3.060291772),
so reject H0 for prices at supermarket chains, means that at least one mean is different from
the others.
In conclusion: there is difference in the average price of the basket of 34 items at different
supermarkets.
Question 1c

Figure 1.3
Base on table above, the means of Coles (1) and Woolworths (3) are different with
absolute difference about 2.385833 and the mean of Coles (1) is less than the mean of the
Others (3) (100.2704, 102.6563 correspond). This means that if there is a significant
difference in the average price of the basket at different stores, so the first group of analysts is
correct.
Question 2
Step 1: Prepare data for question 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2

S1
100.20
98.21
99.21
98.98
99.13
99.43
95.00
95.71
99.61
99.18
99.25
101.66
102.58
103.02
98.29
98.88
101.75
101.08

S2
99.71
99.92
100.64
100.84
98.58
99.20
99.87
99.99
99.45
104.08
104.69
105.99
106.12
99.05
99.49
102.07
101.77
102.31

S3
99.18
99.16
99.38
99.55
99.55
102.50
95.66
95.77
102.49
100.26
97.84
98.36
100.58
100.65
107.01
107.01
103.93
107.20

ASSIGNMENT 1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

99.18
101.83
102.82
104.05
100.91
102.55
103.17
97.63
100.93
102.22
103.03
103.69
104.51
104.10
96.11
96.22
96.86
98.49
100.11
105.52
100.63
101.89
109.65
97.16
101.02
101.96
102.73
105.62
105.93
107.45

102.53
98.43
101.17
103.19
101.47
100.71
109.06
109.95
108.79
110.57
108.79
98.62
104.49
98.58
98.66
98.85
98.90
99.31
102.17
99.45
100.72
106.15
98.92
99.18
103.25
103.56
108.30
104.69
101.39
101.83

102.65
98.14
98.43
98.60
102.88
98.67
101.27
102.74
102.83
102.94
103.48
102.76
103.79
103.31
108.41
98.58
100.67
100.86
100.90
101.46
96.84
97.78
102.32
98.20
98.28
100.97
101.86
102.02
101.37
107.01

Table 2.0
Describe the Table 2.0:

First column stores supermarkets (1, 2 and 3)

Second column stores State 1 (S1)
Third column stores State 2 (S2)
Fourth column stores State 3 (S3)

Step 2: Apply Data > Data Analysis >ANOVA: Two-factor with replication for Table
2.0

ASSIGNMENT 1

Figure 2.0

Figure 2.1
Input:

Input ranger: select data in Table 2.0

Rows per samples: 16

Step 3: Analysis result

Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARY
1
Count
Sum
Average
Variance
2
Count

S1

S2

S3

Total

16
1588.34
99.27125
4.333012

16
1619.69
101.2306
6.491673

16
1604.95
100.3094
10.41843

48
4812.98
100.2704
7.433966

16

16

16

48

ASSIGNMENT 1

Sum
Average
Variance

1633.45
102.0906
3.427366

1660.43
103.7769
18.31522

1633.62
102.1013
6.162158

4927.5
102.6563
9.547049

3
Count
Sum
Average
Variance

16
1627.35
101.7094
17.66901

16
1625.33
101.5831
8.619863

16
1617.53
101.0956
9.5774

48
4870.21
101.4627
11.5182

Total
Count
Sum
Average
Variance

48
4849.14
101.0238
9.708803

48
4905.45
102.1969
11.96402

48
4856.1
101.1688
8.897547

SS
136.6128
39.26861
24.98265
1275.212

Df
2
2
4
135

MS
68.30641
19.63431
6.245661
9.446015

1476.076

143

ANOVA
Source
Variation
Sample
Columns
Interaction
Within
Total

of
F
7.231241
2.078581
0.661195

P-value
0.001039
0.129093
0.620017

F crit
3.063204
3.063204
2.438739

Figure 2.2
From Figure 2.2, we can test the difference in average price across three states among
the supermarkets.
Base on the figure 2.2, on row Sample (for Supermarket), F value (7.231241) > F_crit
value (3.063204), so reject H0 for prices at different supermarket.
On Columns (for States) columns, F value (2.078581) < F_crit value (3.063204),
therefore, accept H0 for prices at different states.
In conclusion: there is no significant difference in the average prices across three
states among the supermarkets. In other word, the belief of retail analysts is not true.
Question 3:
Step 1: Prepare data for question 3
1
1
1
1
1
1

C1
100.20
99.21
98.98
98.29
98.88
99.71

C2
99.18
104.05
97.63
100.93
102.22
103.03

C3
105.52
101.02
101.96
102.73
98.66
98.85

ASSIGNMENT 1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

99.92
103.69
100.64 104.51
100.84 102.31
98.58
102.53
99.20
98.43
99.87
109.06
104.69 109.95
99.05
98.62
99.49
104.49
99.16
98.58
99.38
103.93
99.55
107.20
99.55
98.14
95.66
98.43
95.77
98.60
102.07 102.74
107.01 102.83
107.01 102.94
98.21
101.75
99.13
101.08
99.43
101.83
95.00
102.82
95.71
100.91
99.61
102.55
99.18
103.17
99.25
101.77
101.66 101.17
102.58 103.19
103.02 101.47
99.99
100.71
99.45
108.79
104.08 110.57
105.99 108.79
106.12 102.65
99.18
102.88
102.50 98.67
102.49 101.27
100.26 103.48
97.84
102.76
98.36
103.79
100.58 103.31
100.65 104.10
Table 3.0

98.90
99.31
108.30
104.69
101.39
101.83
105.62
105.93
107.45
108.41
98.58
100.67
100.86
100.90
96.84
97.78
102.32
107.01
96.11
96.22
96.86
98.49
100.11
100.63
101.89
109.65
97.16
102.17
99.45
100.72
106.15
98.92
99.18
103.25
103.56
101.46
98.20
98.28
100.97
101.86
102.02
101.37

Describe the Table 3.0:

First column stores location (1 and 2)

Second column stores prices of supermarket Coles (C1)

ASSIGNMENT 1

Third column stores prices of supermarket Woolworths (C2)

Fourth column stores prices of supermarket Others (C3)

Step 2: Apply Data > Data Analysis >ANOVA: Two-factor with replication for Table
3.0

Figure 3.0

Figure 3.1
Input:

Input ranger: select data in Table 2.0

Rows per samples: 24

Step 3: Analysis result

Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARY

C1
1

C2

C3

Total

ASSIGNMENT 1

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

24
2402.71
100.1129
7.539274

24
2454.02
102.2508
11.68394

24
2455.53
102.3138
12.24893

72
7312.26
101.5592
11.25642

24
2410.27
100.4279
7.600104

24
2473.48
103.0617
7.482232

24
2414.68
100.6117
9.776745

72
7298.43
101.3671
9.514677

Count
Sum
Average
Variance

48
4812.98
100.2704
7.433966

48
4927.5
102.6563
9.547049

48
4870.21
101.4627
11.5182

ANOVA
Source of
Variation
Sample
Columns
Interaction
Within

SS
1.328256
136.6128
42.5169
1295.618

df

MS
1.328256
68.30641
21.25845
9.388537

Total

1476.076

2
Count
Sum
Average
Variance
Total

1
2
2
138

F
0.141476
7.275512
2.264299

P-value
0.707395
0.000991
0.10775

F crit
3.909729
3.061716
3.061716

143

Figure 3.2
From Figure 3.2, we can test the difference in average price in different location
among the supermarkets.
On row Sample (for Location), we accept H0 for prices at different location because F
value (0.141476) < F_crit value (3.909729).
On row Columns (for Supermarkets), we have F value (7.660969) >F_crit (3.063204),
so reject H0 for prices at deferent supermarkets.
In conclusion: there is significant difference in the average prices at different
locations among the supermarkets.
Question 4
Step 1: Prepare data for question 4
1
1
1
1

10

ALDI1
100.20
98.21
99.21
98.98

ALDI2
99.25
101.66
102.58
103.02

ASSIGNMENT 1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Describe the Table 4.0:

11

99.13
99.43
95.00
95.71
99.61
99.18
99.18
99.16
99.38
99.55
99.55
95.66
101.75
101.08
99.18
103.93
107.20
102.65
98.14
98.43
98.60
102.88
98.67
101.27
103.48
102.76
103.79
103.31
96.11
96.22
96.86
98.49
108.41
98.58
100.67
100.86
100.90
101.46
96.84
97.78
102.32
98.20
98.28
100.97
Table 4.0

98.29
98.88
102.50
95.77
102.49
100.26
97.84
98.36
100.58
100.65
107.01
107.01
101.83
102.82
104.05
100.91
102.55
103.17
97.63
100.93
102.22
103.03
103.69
104.51
102.74
102.83
102.94
104.10
100.11
105.52
100.63
101.89
109.65
97.16
101.02
101.96
102.73
105.62
105.93
107.45
101.86
102.02
101.37
107.01

ASSIGNMENT 1

First column stores name of supermarket chains (1, 2 and 3)

Second column stores prices of supermarkets that is located nearby ALDI

Step 2: Apply Data > Data Analysis >ANOVA: Two-factor with replication for Table
4.0

Figure 4.0

Figure 4.1
Step 3: Analysis result
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARY
1
Count
Sum
Average
Variance
2
Count

12

ALDI1

ALDI2

Total

16
1577.14
98.57125
2.570718333

16
1616.15
101.009375
9.58512625

32
3193.29
99.79031
7.415913

16

16

32

ASSIGNMENT 1

Sum
Average
Variance

1627.12
101.695
6.52328

1639.95
102.496875
2.723369583

3267.07
102.0959
4.640122

3
Count
Sum
Average
Variance

16
1592.95
99.559375
9.51760625

16
1651.93
103.245625
10.68253292

32
3244.88
101.4025
13.28095

Total
Count
Sum
Average
Variance

48
4797.21
99.941875
7.675487899

48
4908.03
102.250625
8.219729388

ANOVA
Source of Variation
Sample
Columns
Interaction
Within

SS
89.55638125
127.9278375
33.47933125
624.0395

df
2
1
2
90

Total

875.00305

95

MS
44.77819
127.9278
16.73967
6.933772

F
6.457984
18.44996
2.414222

P-value
0.002394
4.4E-05
0.095208

F crit
3.097698
3.946876
3.097698

Figure 4.2
Base on Figure 4.2, on row Sample (for Name of supermarket), F value (6.457984)
>F_crit (3.097698), so reject H0 for price at different supermarket.
On row Columns (for different ALDI), we have F value (18.44996) > F_crit (3.946876),
so reject H0 for prices at different ALDI.
In conclusion: there is difference in the average prices among the supermarkets. In other
word, there is increase in competition among supermarkets nearby ALDI.

REFERENCE

Evans, James R. (2010). Statistics, Data Analysis, and Decision Modeling (4th Ed.).
Pearson Education.

13