Task 1: Carrefour (Private)

Basis Scale Types Local National Global International Features Business that setup in a local area. Business set up throughout the country. Business setup across the globe. Business sells its products and service in more than one country (The group currently operates in three major markets Europe, Latin America and Asia as well as china, brazil Indonesia, Poland and turkey. The group was originally founded at brazil, Argentina, Colombia Italy and Greece.) Business that is owned by the government for the people. Not all businesses are set up to make a profit .for example a voluntary organization works on quite different line it is set up organized , staffed and run by people who are working purely on a voluntary basis, usually for a good cause. Set up for helping the people not for profit but for charitable purpose. The owners are called trustees. Business that is owned by private individuals or shareholders (owned by Majid Al Futtaim (MAF) group of companies) The tertiary sector of industry involves the provision of services to other businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of good from producer to a consumer, as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest control or entertainment. The goods may be transformed in the process of providing the service, serving the customer rather than transforming physical goods.
The sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction of oil and gas. This is contrasted with the secondary sector, producing manufactures and other processed goods, and the tertiary sector, producing services. The primary sector is usually most important in less developed countries, and typically less important in industrial countries.

Types

Public Not-for profit

voluntary Private Business sector Tertiary sector

Primary sector

Secondary sector

This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods. These products are then either exported or sold to domestic consumers and to places where they are suitable for use by other businesses. This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry. Many of these industries consume large quantities of energy and require factories and machinery to convert the raw materials into goods and products. They also produce waste materials and waste heat that may pose environmental problems or cause pollution.

Purpose

Profit At cost Below cost

Businesses do not always seek to sell their products for a profit. sometimes they are willing to do Supplying at cost occurs when the money received from selling a product is equal to the cost of supplying that product. In some cases businesses are willing to supply products at below the cost of production this might be because the business is trying to generate interest in a new product. Initially they sell it at below cost price.
A process that company undergoes to determine the best output and price levels in order to maximize its return. The company will usually adjust influential factors such as production costs, sale prices, and output levels as a way of reaching its profit goal. Continental price , market Shan.

Maximum profit

Services

Home Brands, Beverages, Groceries, Fresh Food, Baby Care, Beauty & Personal Care, Health Care & BIO, Clothing & Accessories ,Home Accessories ,Kitchen, Furniture ,DIY, Travel, Garden & PET ,Home Appliances, Camera & Mobile ,TV & HIFI ,Toys & Entertainment.

Ownership and legal status

Sole trader Partnership Franchise

Business owned and operated by single individual. Business owned and operated by more than one person called partners. Business which is set up by using the name of established business.

Private company

The owners own a share of the business and known as shareholders. The share profits as dividends, most of these are family oriented businesses. (The Carrefour company is created by the Fournier and defforey Families.) (LLC Promodis, the forerunner of promodes is created.)

Alba: (Public)
Basis Scale Types National Features Alba intends to grow in the mena region. Alba out performs international environmental standards and always meets local regulations. Alba will continue to expand its position s the leading smelter in the gulf region ranking among the top 10% on a global scale. "By the government" alba establishes an industry that would provide valuable export earnings, develop the country's resources and create training and employment opportunities for a large numbers of Bahrainis.
Alba consists of five aluminum reduction lines with a combined total production capacity of 850,000 tons per annum (tpa) and three Cast houses to cast the molten aluminum into final Products .Alba also boasts its own dedicated carbon plant, a 2,200MW power plant, a 600,000 tons per annum coke calcining plant, A water desalination plant and a marine terminal. From the reduction lines, liquid metal is transported to the cathouse where it is poured into mixing furnaces where elements such as silicon, magnesium, copper, iron, titanium or boron are added to meet the customer required alloy Specifications. The prepared aluminum is then cast either in solid mould ingots or direct chill (DC) casting machines. The metal received from the reduction rooms is cast into four different products: Standard ingots or T-ingots used for re-melting by other Industries. Extrusion billet for the manufacture of extruded products, Such as window frames and structural supports. Rolling slab that are used in the production of plate sheet and foil. Propertzi ingots that are used as wheel alloys.

Types

Public sector

Business sector

Secondary sector

purpose

Profit

To help people by giving employment. Supporting employee's families including granting scholarship. Distribution of comprehensive school kits.

Services

Ownership and legal status

Public company

Alba produces more than 870,000 metric tons per annum of the highest grade aluminum. Around 45 per cent of output is supplied to Bahrain's downstream industry, with the rest exported to regional and international customers in the Middle East, Europe, Far East, South East Asia, Africa and North America. The shares are traded on stock exchanges and can be owned by members of the public and institutional investors.
Aluminum Bahrain (Alba) Shareholders of alba are Bahrain Mumtalakat holding company (69.38%), SABIC investment company (20.62%) and public (10%).

Task2: 2.1) people who have an interest in the decisions that businesses make most
decisions affect a number of stakeholders.

2.2) Carrefour stakeholder:

Customers' Employees Suppliers Local and national communities

Alba stakeholder:
Employees
Owners Government Local and national communities

2.3)

Carrefour stakeholder:
Customers: The best price and the best merchandise, for a pleasant shopping experience in every store and every country. Employees: The possibility of growth and fulfillment in a trusting environment, providing challenging jobs and motivational compensation. Suppliers: Markets, customer intelligence, and cooperation to improve products through long-term mutually beneficial relationships. Local and national communities: A deep commitment to the community, as a socially responsible economic actor and a good corporate citizen.

Alba stakeholder:
Employees:
"Alba's

strategy is to sweat the assets and improve the systems and the vision of our company and of every employee is to ensure our ongoing contribution to the sustainable growth and development of Bahrain and of our stakeholders, This policy is compliant at all levels with the training plan of the engineering department.

Owners:
"Value Engineering is also known to help organize group efforts to analyze the project's functions, and their compliance with the objectives and requirements of the owner and the stakeholder, and, hence, creating alternatives that would achieve the objectives with the least possible cost, without damaging the quality and the main functions, which can all be achieved through an integrated teamwork plan under the leadership of a CVS certified engineer.

Government:
Government of Bahrain and the company's successive boards of directors and senior managers, whose foresight and courage have ensured Alba's expansion into a major force in aluminum smelting worldwide.

Local and national communities:

Alba's donation, which was made in line with the company's long standing commitment both to supporting the local community and to helping improve health care services in Bahrain, will help the National medical community finance the costs of hosting the Gulf Heart Association meeting in the Kingdom later this year.

Task3: 3.1) Aim and objectives of ministry of education in Bahrain: Education gain Quality educational excellence service development New investment in education infrastructure in Bahrain Partnership working Community involvement Organization and management Human resources Education research and development Information and communication technology Aims and objective of Menatelecom: Familiarize and educate the educate the students on the required skill-set and expertise needed to be a part of a world-class organization. To give the young academic a glimpse of corporate life and job opportunities available to them in the growing telecom sector. Acknowledged the need to demonstrate the business model to the student.

3.2) The strategic aims and objective are different between the ministry of education and menatelecom: Ministry of education is enabling to develop a qualitative education system to reach a high degree of excellence and creativity. They have their mission to provides educational opportunities for every citizen to develop his/her mental physical and emotional potentials and skills through drawing up development plans, their implementation and evaluation to achieve the requirements of quality to enhance the quality and effectiveness of education. While menatelcom are enable to educate the students on the required skill-set. To be able to assist the students in complying with the new driving regulations in coordination with the traffic directorate.

Focus on gaining autonomy from retail building future-proof network, sustaining core market share, getting ready for next-generation customers, and building international reach. Telecom whole sealers should develop a road map to capitalize on their existing strengths and assets while establishing foundation to benefit. They will have expanded new strategies are required for opera-beyond domestic borders to achieve tors to remain competitive, and even scale and service new markets they thrive, in the evolving industry. They will have developed new capabilities successful wholesalers of tomorrow technology plat forma, and a compare-will be essential enablers for the wider pensive portfolio of new services to communication, media and technol- become enablers for the rest of the ogy industries industry with the ability to handle a new wave of growth in the MENA.

Tassk4:

Carrefour

Task5: 5.1) poetical factors: are laws and regulation of the governments affecting the way a business work. The important laws are employment laws, consumer protection law, and sale of goods act. Etc Economic factors: are happenings in the key cost in the economy such as labour cost, energy prices affects the business. Social factors: like changes in the population structure, age, income level, consumption pattern, gender ratio also affects business directly. 5.2)

Carrefour:
Poetical factors: The poetical environment of a country is influenced by the political organization such as philosophy of political parties, ideology of government or party in power, nature and extent of bureaucracy influence of primary groups' etc. political stability in the country, foreign policy, defense and military policy , image of the country and its leaders in and outside the country. The political environment of the country influences the business to great extent. For instance. The government of India, bottling and sale of coca-cola was discontinued in India in the late seventies following policy of restricting the growth of multinationals in Indian markets. But its entry was allowed under the new industrial policy of 1991. Under this new policy. Government allowed liberalized licensing, imports and exports, inflow of foreign capital and technology on more liberal terms. The trend towards globalization and signing of GATT in 1993 has posed new challenges before Indian business. Economic factors: Economic environment refers to the aggregate of the nature of economic system of the country, the structural anatomy of the economy to economic policies of the government the organization of the capital market, the nature of factor endowment. Business cycles, the socio-economic infrastructure etc. the successful business man visualizes the external factors affecting the business, anticipating the prospective market situation and makes suitable to get the maximum with minimize cost.

Social factors: The social dimension or environment of a nation determines the value system of the society which. In turn affects, the functioning of the business. Sociological factors such as costs structure. Customs and conventions, cultural heritage. View toward wealth and income and scientific methods. Respect for seniority, mobility of labour etc. have far-reaching impact on the business. These factors determine the work culture and mobility of labour. Work groups etc. for instance the nature of goods and services to be produced depends upon the demand of the people which in turn is affected by their attitudes customs so as cultural values fashion etc, socio-cultural environment determines the code of conduct the business should follow. The social groups such as trade unions or consumer forum will intervene if the business follows the unethical practices. For instance, if the firm is not paying fair wages to its business in indulging in black marketing or adulteration, consumers' forums and various government agencies will take action against the business.

Alba:
Poetical factors: They will be affecting by the government term on the limited salary for each employee, so Alba will lose a lot of the profit to provide good salary with the overtime and promotion. Political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules under which the firm must operate. Some examples include tax policy, employment laws , environmental regulation, trade restrictions and tariffs, political stability.

Economic factors: One of the reasons for optimism for the future within the primary aluminum industry is the very clear linear relationship between the usage of aluminum products per head of the population in any country and the GDP per capita in that country. The more wealthy the population, then the more aluminum that is used, in building and construction, transport, packaging and general engineering. In the recent past, the expanding economies of countries, such as China and India, have fuelled the increasing demand for commodities such as aluminum. It is for this reason that predictions of primary aluminum production reaching 50 million tons by 2020 can be made with confidence. This scenario relies on the aluminum industry having access to affordable and reliable, long-term energy sources and here the Gulf States have a major advantage, with both gas and oil readily available and affordable.

Social factors:

Turning to the Social Indicators, the countries of the Gulf States, in all industry Sectors, have long realized that their future lies in an educated and skilled national Workforce. All of the primary aluminum companies in the region have invested heavily in pre-employment education and training of national school leavers and newly graduated students. Additionally, there is extensive in-work training schemes for both workers and management and the time spent per employee increases year by year. Given the rapidly growing demand for skilled and trained employees, it is estimated that 15,000 to 20,000 will be required by the Gulfs aluminum industry in the next ten years. Member companies of the GAC see the need to train and educate the workforce of the future as their number one priority. The GAC Human Resources and Recruitment Sub-Committee have been charged with developing a strategy to address this need. The ideal goal is to reduce the dependency on an expatriate workforce in the aluminum industry, and currently Gulf States nationals account for more than 20% of the total workforce and 70% of senior management, a significant advance on the position at year 2002 ,Expatriate workers have modern housing facilities available, with full recreation facilities, local transport and cafeterias. The well-being of the surrounding community is as important as that of the workforce and the member companies liaise with the local authorities to maximize the benefits and minimize the impact of their activities. Very significant sums of money and man-hours of time are given to local communities and to overseas organizations to improve health and education facilities. Typical of such activities are the Dual Educational Award and their sponsorship of Ideas Arabia to encourage best practice in technical production, customer service, the environment, finances, health and security. Additionally, companies freely give employee time to local community projects.

5.3) These three external factors will have an influence the stakeholders in Alba business like, customers may demand healthier food. Employees may prefer to work with business that follows global warming prevention norms. Government may ask business strictly to follow environmental regulation. These three external factors will have an influence the stakeholders in Carrefour business like, wages rises but the expense will be lower profits. Managers will have an interest in organizational grow but might be this expense of short term of profit. It will affect supply products.

5.4)

http://www.carrefour.com/cdc/group/our-group/ http://www.aluminiumbahrain.com