ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Draft copy for adoption:

LABORATORY MANUAL OF ECE 303 and 353 UEL 3 LAB

Prepared at Lovely Professional University With Participation & Valuable contributions from Er. Surrender kumar Er. Jyotika Er. Saurab

Reviewed and corrected by.

Rajeev Kr Patial Sr lect., off. HOL, ECE (B. Id. 12301)

OFF HOD ECE

(Dean Labs )

(Vice Chancellor)

(Chancellor)

DEPARTMENT OF ECE, LPU, PHAGWARA (PUNJAB), INDIA.

ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

ECE303 and ECE353: UEL 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor. Generation of delay in binary counting using 8085 microprocessor. To implement a moving 7-segment display with suitable delay using 8085 microprocessor. To realize a real time clock using 8085 microprocessor. To develop program for discrete convolution and correlation. To develop a program for computing DFT and IDFT in MATLAB. To develop a program for computing circular convolution. To develop a program for computing inverse Z-transform. To develop a program for designing FIR filter in MATLAB. To develop a program for designing IIR filter in MATLAB. *To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Amplitude Modulation. *To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Frequency Modulation, Phase Modulation.

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

PROGRAM -1
AIM Interfacing and control of stepper motor using 8085 microprocessor. Apparatus required stepper motor(12 volts) SAMPLE PROGRAM Interface a Stepper Motor to the 8085 microprocessor system and write an 8085 assembly language program to control the Stepper Motor. Block Diagram

SOFTWARE FOR STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL As port A is used as an output port, control word for 8255 is 80H. Stepper Motor Control Program: 6000H Excite code DB 03H, 06H, 09H, OCH : This is the code sequence for clockwise rotation Subroutine to rotate a stepper motor clockwise by 360 - Set the counts: : Set repetition count to 50 : Counts excitation sequence : Initialize pointer : Get the Excite code : Send Excite code : Wait : Increment pointer : Repeat 4 times

MVI C, 32H START: MVI B, 04H LXI H, 6000H BACK1: MOV A, M OUT PORTA CALL DELAY INX H DCR B JNZ BACK l

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Delay subroutine: Delay: LXI D, Count Back: DCX D MOV A, D ORA E JNZ Back RET

FLOWCHARTS Stepper motor subroutine

Delay routine

Conclusion A stepper motor is a digital motor. It can be driven by digital signal. Fig. shows the typical 2 phase motor rated 12V /0.67 A/ph interfaced with the 8085 microprocessor system using 8255. Motor shown in the circuit has two phases, with center-tap winding. The center taps of these windings are connected to the 12V supply. Due to this, motor can be excited by grounding four terminals of the two windings. Motor can be rotated in steps by giving proper excitation sequence to these windings. The lower nibble of port A of the 8255 is used to generate excitation signals in the proper sequence. These excitation signals are buffered using driver transistors. The transistors are selected such that they can source rated current for the windings. Motor is rotated by 1.80 per excitation. ____________________________________________________________________________

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

PROGRAM - 2
AIM Generation of delay in binary counting using 8085 microprocessor . SAMPLE PROGRAM Write a program for displaying binary up counter. Counter should count numbers from 00 to FFH and it should increment after every 0.5 sec. Source Program: LXI SP, 27FFH MVI C, OOH BACK: CALL Display CALL Delay INR C MOV A, C CPI OOH JNZ BACK HLT Delay Subroutine: Delay: LXI B, count BACK: DCX D MOV A, E ORA D JNZ BACK RET : Initialize stack pointer : Initialize counter : Call display subroutine : Call delay subroutine : Increment counter : Check counter is > FFH : If not, repeat : Stop : Initialize count : Decrement count : Logically OR D and E : If result is not 0 repeat : Return to main program

FLOWCHART Flowchart for Source Program: Flowchart for Delay routine:

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Conclusion
Assume operating frequency of 8085 equal to 2MHz. Display routine is available.

____________________________________________________________________________

PROGRAM - 3 AIM: TO implement a moving 7-segment display with suitable delay using 8085
microprocessor.

Apparatus required 7-segment display Sample program Interface an 8-digit 7 segment LED display using 8255 to the 8085
microprocessor system and write an 8085 assembly language routine to display message on the display.

INTERFACING SCHEME

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Source program:
SOFTWARE TO INITIALIZE 8255: MVI A, 80H : Load control word in AL OUT CR : Load control word in CR SUBROUTINE TO DISPLAY MESSAGE ON MULTIPLEXED LED DISPLAY: SET UP REGISTERS FOR DISPLAY: MVI B, 08H MVI C, 7FH LXI H, 6000B DISPLAY MESSAGE: DISP 1: MOV A, C OUT PB MOV A, M OUT PA CALL DELAY : select digit : get data : display data : wait for some time : load count : load select pattern : starting address of message

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

DISP 1: MOV A, C RRC MOV C, A INX H DCR B JNZ DISP 1 RET Delay subroutine: Delay: LXI D, Count Back: DCX D MOV A, D ORA E JNZ Back RET

: adjust selection pattern : Decrement count : repeat 8 times

Note: This "display message subroutine" must be called continuously to display the 7-segment coded message stored in the memory from address 6000H.

CONCLUSION Fig. shows the multiplexed eight 7-segment display connected in the 8085 system using 8255. In this circuit port A and port B are used as simple latched output ports. Port A provides the segment data inputs to the display and port B provides a means of selecting a display position at a time for multiplexing the displays. A0-A7 lines are used to decode the addresses for 8255. For this circuit different addresses are: PA = 00H PB = 01H PC = 02H CR = 03H. The register values are chosen in Fig. such that the segment current is 80 mA. This current is required to produce an average of 10 mA per segment as the displays are multiplexed. In this type of display system, only one of the eight display position is 'ON' at any given instant. Only one digit is selected at a time by giving low signal on the corresponding control line. Maximum anode current is 560 mA (7-segments x 80 mA = 560 mA), but the average anode current is 70 mA.

____________________________________________________________________________

PROGRAM - 4
AIM : TO Realize real time clock using 8085 microprocessor . Sample program WAP to realize real time clock. Display seconds in data field, minutes and hours in address field. ALGORITHM STEP 1: Initialize the data for seconds in acc... STEP 2: Initialize the data for minutes in L reg. STEP 3: Initialize the data for hours in H reg STEP 4: Display the data in the display

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

field STEP 5: Call proper delay of one second. STEP 6: Increment the second by 01 and compare it with the value 60 suitably if it is equal increment the minute by one and compare it with the value 24 suitably, if not for all the above increment the second Value and repeat the steps 4-5. STEP7: Termination
PROGRAM

START: LXI H,0000H MIN : MVI A,00H SEC: PUSH PSW PUSH H PUSH H CALL UPDDT POP H CALL UPDAD LXI D,FFFFH CALL DELAY CALL DELAY POP H POP PSW ADI 01H DAA CPI 60 JNZ SEC MOV A,L ADI 01H DAA MOV L,A CPI 60 JNZ MIN MVI L,00 MOV A,H ADI 01H DAA MOV H,A CPI 24H JNZ MIN JMP START HL T

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

RESULT:

AFTER EXECUTION

Address field
Hours 0000 Min

Data field
sec 01

____________________________________________________________________________ Experiment No:-5 AIM: To develop program for discrete Convolution and Correlation Software Required : MATLAB 7.5

ALGORITHM: 1. Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4 2. Enter the Impulse Sequence, h having length=4 3. Performing the Convolution, store the value in y 4. Plotting the Input Sequence. 5. Plotting the Impulse Sequence. 6. Plotting the Output Sequence.

PROGRAM CODE: % program for discrete Convolution x=[1,1,1,2]; h=[1,1,2,1]; Nx=length(x); Nh=length(h); y=conv(x,h); n=0:1:Nx-1; subplot(2,2,1),stem(n,x); xlabel('n'),ylabel('x(n)'); title('input sequence'); n=0:1:Nh-1; subplot(2,2,2),stem(n,h); xlabel('n'),ylabel('h(n)'); title('impulse sequence'); n=0:1:Nx+Nh-2 subplot(2,2,3),stem(n,y); xlabel('n'),ylabel('y(n)'); title('output sequence(linear convolution)');

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RESULT:

input sequence 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2 1.5

impulse sequence

h(n)
0 1 2 3

x(n)

1 0.5 0

1 n

n output sequence(linear convolution) 6

y(n)
2 0 0

2 n

__________________________________________________________ ALGORITHM: 1 Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4 2 Enter the Impulse Sequence, y having length=4 3 Performing the Correlation, store the value in y 4 Plotting the Output Sequence ,store in z.

%program for discrete Correlation X = [1 2 3 4]; Y = [2 3 4 5]; Z = xcorr(x,y); stem(z); RESULT:

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Fig shows discrete Correlation of two signals

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Experiment No:-6 AIM: To develop a program for Computing DFT and IDFT in MATLAB Apparatus: MATLAB 7.5 ALGORITHM: 1 Enter the input Sequence ,x having length=4 2 Set the range of k according to the length of x. 3 Computing DFT, store the value in X(k). 4 Plotting the DFT of given Sequence,store in X(k).

PROGRAM CODE: % Program to perform Discrete Fourier Transform clc;clear all; close all hidden; x=input('The given sequence is x(n): ');

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

N=length(x); for k=1:N X(k)=0; for n=1:N X(k)=X(k)+x(n).*exp(-j.*2.*pi.*(n-1).*(k-1)./N); end end display('The DFT of the given sequence is:') X p=0:(N-1); stem(p,abs(X)),grid Input Sequence:-

RESULT:
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Fig shows DFT of input sequence

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Expt 7: Program to perform Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform ALGORITHM: 1 Enter the input Sequence, x having length=4 2 Set the range of k according to the length of x. 3 Computing IDFT, store the value in X(k). 4 Plotting the IDFT of given Sequence, store in X(k). Program code: clc;clear all; close all hidden; x=input('The given sequence is x(n): '); N=length(x); for k=1:N X(k)=0; for n=1:N X(k)=X(k)+x(n).*exp(j.*2.*pi.*(n-1).*(k-1)./N); end end display('The DFT of the given sequence is:') X p=0:(N-1); stem(p,abs(X)),grid

Input Sequence:

RESULT:

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Fig shows IDFT of input sequence

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Experiment No:-8 AIM: To develop a program for Computing Circular Convolution Apparatus: MATLAB 7.5 ALGORITHM: 1 Enter the input Sequence, x having length=4 2 Enter the Impulse Sequence, h having length=4 3 Performing the Convolution, store the value in y(n) 4 Plot the y(n). PROGRAM CODE: %program to perform circular convolation% clc;close all hidden;clear all; x=input('enter the input sequence x(n):'); h=input('enter the impulse response h(n):'); N1=length(x); N2=length(h);

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

N=max(N1,N2); N3=N1-N2; %loop for getting equal length seq if(N3==0) x=[x,zeros(1,N3)]; h=[h,zeros(1,N3)]; end if(N1>N2) h=[h,zeros(1,N3)]; end if(N1<N2) x=[x,zeros(1,-N3)]; end %computation of circular convolved seq for n=1:N, y(n)=0; for i=1:N, j=n-i+1; if(j==0) j=N+j; end if(j<0) j=N+j; end y(n)=y(n)+x(i).*h(j); end end display('convoluted sum:'); y p=0:(N-1); stem(p,y),grid;

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

RESULT:
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

Input: 1. Enter the input sequence x(n): [1 2 3 4] Enter the impulse response h(n):[2 3 4 5] OUTPUT: 1.Convolution sum: y = [36 38 36 30]

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Experiment No:-9 AIM: To develop a program for Computing Inverse Z-Transform Apparatus: MATLAB 7.5 ALGORITHM: 1. Write the poles and zeros of the input sequence. 2. Returned vector R contains the residues,Column vector contains P contains the pole locations. And row vector contains the direct terms. 3. Plot the pole magnitudes.

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

4. Plot the pole angles in pi units. 5. Plot the frequency response of given z-transform of the given function. PROGRAM CODE: %program to perform Inverse Z-Transform b=[1,0.4*sqrt(2)]; a=[1,-0.8*sqrt(2),0.64]; [R,P,C]=residuez(b,a); m=abs(P'); subplot(1,2,1); plot(m); title('magnitude'); A=angle(P')/pi; subplot(1,2,1); plot(A); title('Angle'); freqz(a,b,10)

Input Sequence:

RESULT:
20

Magnitude (dB)

10 0 -10 -20

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

0.9

150

Phase (degrees)

100

50

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)

0.9

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

ANGLE:Angle 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 -0.15 -0.2 -0.25

1.5

MAGNITUDE :magnitude 2

1.5

0.5

-0.5

1.5

Experiment no 10 AIM : To develop a program for designing IIR filter in MATLAB.

DIRECT REALIZATIONS OF IIR FILTERS

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

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Algorithm:

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Experiment no 11

AIM : To develop a program for designing FIR filter in MATLAB.

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Algorithm:

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

Experiment no 12 AIM : To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Frequency modulation. APPARATUS: IC LM 2206,10k, two 100k,three 4.7k,220ohm resistor,22F,1F,10F,0.01F, CRO(20 Mhz),Function generator(1Mhz),connecting wires and probes.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

1. Connect the circuit as per the given circuit diagram. 2. Apply the modulating signal of 500HZ with 1Vp-p. 3. Trace the modulated wave on the C.R.O & plot the same on graph. 4. Find the modulation index by measuring minimum and maximum frequency deviations from the carrier frequency using the CRO. M = S/f = maximum Frequency deviation / modulating signal frequency 5. Repeat the steps 3& 4 by changing the amplitude and /or frequency of the modulating Signal.

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

OBSERVATION TABLE m f= / f m where = k Vm fc K is the proportionality constant Formula used:

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S.No 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Vm

Vc

fm

fc

from CRO

m f = / fm

ERROR ANALYSIS TABLE: m f2= / fmmin

Vm

fc+2%

fc 2%

fm +2%

f m -2%

m f1 = /fmmax

m f3= kVmfcmax/ fm

m f4= kVmfcmin/ fm

Find the average m f. Calculated mf = kVm fc /fm mf min = mf max = mf avg cal =

%age error = ((Calculated mf - observed mf ) / Calculated mf )x100%

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ECE 303 n 353 UEL 3Laboratory Manual

RESULT:
____________________________________________________________________________ Experiment no 13

AIM : To design and implement on a breadboard a circuit to perform Amplitude modulation. APPARATUS: Two IC BC 107BP,33k, 100k,two 4.7k,270ohm resistor,two 4.7F capacitor, CRO(20 Mhz),Function generator(1Mhz),connecting wires and probes.

PROCEDURE:1. Connect the circuit as per the given circuit diagram. 2. Apply fixed frequency carrier signal to carrier input terminals. 3. Apply modulating signal from function generator of 1VP-P of 500Hz. 4. Note down and trace the modulated signal envelop on the CRO screen. 5. Find the modulation index by measuring Vmax and Vmin from the modulated (detected/ traced) envelope.

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M=(Vmax Vmin)/(Vmax+Vmin) 6. Repeat the steps 3,4 & 5 by changing the frequency or/& amplitude of the modulating signal so as to observe over modulation, under modulating and perfect modulation. 7. For demodulation, apply the modulated signal (A.M) as an input to the demodulator and verify the demodulated output with respect to the applied modulating signals and their respective outputs.

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Observed m= (Vmax + V min) / (V max V min ) Sr. No Vm Vc Vmax Vmin m=

(Vmax + V min) / (V max V min )

1 2 3 4 5 6 ERROR ANALYSIS:

Calculate Modulation index using mathematical formula mc = Vm/Vc. %AGE ERROR = ((m mc)/ mc)x100%

RESULT:

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