Report Final

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Integrated!Design!Project!Part!1b!Group!8
INTEGRATED)DESIGN)PROJECT)PART)1B)GROUP)8)..........................................................................................)I!
1! INTRODUCTION)....................................................................................................................................................)1!
2! SITE)AIMS)AND)CONSTRAINTS).........................................................................................................................)1!
3! INITIAL)IDEAS).......................................................................................................................................................)2!
3.1! SUPERMARKET).......................................................................................................................................................)2!
3.1.1! !L!SHAPED!SUPERMARKET!.....................................................................................................................................................!2!
3.1.2! TRAPEZIUM!SHAPED!SUPERMARKET!...................................................................................................................................!2!
3.1.3! RECTANGLE!SHAPED!SUPERMARKET!..................................................................................................................................!3!
3.2! MULTI9STOREY)BUILDING).....................................................................................................................................)3!
3.2.1! GAS!HOLDER!.............................................................................................................................................................................!3!
3.2.2! NW!POSITION!OF!SITE!...........................................................................................................................................................!4!
3.3! BRIDGE)...................................................................................................................................................................)5!
3.3.1! ARCH!BRIDGE!...........................................................................................................................................................................!5!
3.3.2! CABLE!STAYED!BRIDGE!...........................................................................................................................................................!6!
4! SCHEME)DESIGN)AND)JUSTIFICATION)...........................................................................................................)6!
4.1! WAITBURYS)SUPERMARKET).............................................................................................................................)6!
4.2! MULTI9STOREY)BUILDING).....................................................................................................................................)8!
4.2.1! INITIAL!DESIGN!........................................................................................................................................................................!9!
4.2.2! FURTHER!DEVELOPMENT!......................................................................................................................................................!9!
4.2.3! FINAL!DESIGN!.......................................................................................................................................................................!10!
4.3! BRIDGE).................................................................................................................................................................)12!
4.3.1! PART!A!...................................................................................................................................................................................!12!
4.3.2! PART!B!...................................................................................................................................................................................!12!
4.3.3! PART!C!....................................................................................................................................................................................!13!
4.3.4! COST!........................................................................................................................................................................................!13!
5! DEVELOPMENT)OF)A)PRELIMINARY)GROUND)MODEL)..........................................................................)13!
5.1.1! CONDITIONS!BELOW!EACH!STRUCTURE!............................................................................................................................!14!
6! PRELIMINARY)ASSESSMENT)OF)CONTAMINATION)RISK)......................................................................)14!
6.1!
6.2!
6.3!
6.4!
HISTORY)...............................................................................................................................................................)14!
LIKELY)CONTAMINANTS)......................................................................................................................................)15!
RISK)......................................................................................................................................................................)15!
ASSOCIATED)SITE)INVESTIGATION)......................................................................................................................)16!
7! FOUNDATION)DESIGN).......................................................................................................................................)17!
7.1! MULTI9STOREY)....................................................................................................................................................)17!
7.1.1! MAIN!STRUCTURE!.................................................................................................................................................................!17!
7.1.2! POOL!.......................................................................................................................................................................................!17!
7.1.3! BASEMENT!RETAINING!WALL!.............................................................................................................................................!17!
7.2! SUPERMARKET).....................................................................................................................................................)17!
7.2.1! RETAIL!AREA!.........................................................................................................................................................................!17!
7.2.2! BACK!OF!HOUSE!.....................................................................................................................................................................!17!
7.3! BRIDGE).................................................................................................................................................................)17!
8! SITE)ACCESS).........................................................................................................................................................)18!
9! DRAINAGE).............................................................................................................................................................)18!
! COSTING)...................................................................................................................................................................)20!
!
i!
10)....................................................................................................................................................................................)20!
10.1!
10.2!
10.3!
10.4!
SUPERMARKET)..................................................................................................................................................)20!
MULTI9STOREY)..................................................................................................................................................)20!
BRIDGE)..............................................................................................................................................................)20!
FOUNDATIONS)...................................................................................................................................................)20!
11! CONSTRUCTION)PLAN)....................................................................................................................................)21!
12! SUSTAINABILITY)..............................................................................................................................................)21!
12.1! MATERIALS)........................................................................................................................................................)22!
12.1.1! CONCRETE!...........................................................................................................................................................................!22!
12.1.2! TIMBER!................................................................................................................................................................................!22!
12.1.3! STEEL!...................................................................................................................................................................................!22!
12.1.4! ALUMINIUM!.........................................................................................................................................................................!22!
12.2! MIXED)USE)MULTI9STOREY)BUILDING).............................................................................................................)23!
12.3! SUPERMARKET)..................................................................................................................................................)23!
12.4! FLOOD)RESILIENCE)MEASURES)..........................................................................................................................)23!
12.5! WATER)MANAGEMENT).....................................................................................................................................)23!
13! HEALTH)AND)SAFETY).....................................................................................................................................)24!
13.1! HEALTH)AND)SAFETY)RISK)ASSESSMENT)........................................................................................................)24!
13.2! PROJECT)RISK)ASSESSMENT).............................................................................................................................)24!
14! APPENDICES)......................................................................................................................................................)25!
14.1! OTHER)SITE)USES)...............................................................................................................................................)25!
14.2! GROUND)MODEL)................................................................................................................................................)25!
14.2.1! METHOD!BEHIND!DEVELOPMENT!OF!GROUND!MODEL!...............................................................................................!25!
14.2.2! GEOLOGICAL!CONDITIONS!FROM!BOREHOLE!CORRELATION!......................................................................................!26!
14.2.3! SECTION!ADA!......................................................................................................................................................................!28!
).........................................................................................................................................................................................)28!
14.2.4! SECTION!BDB!......................................................................................................................................................................!28!
14.2.5! SECTION!YDY!.......................................................................................................................................................................!29!
14.2.6! SECTION!ZDZ!.......................................................................................................................................................................!29!
14.3! SITE)INVESTIGATION).........................................................................................................................................)30!
14.3.1! MULTIDSTOREY!OFFICE/RESIDENTIAL!APARTMENT!BLOCK!......................................................................................!30!
14.3.2! WAITBURYS!.....................................................................................................................................................................!31!
14.3.3! FOOTBRIDGE!.......................................................................................................................................................................!32!
14.3.4! TRIAL!PITS!..........................................................................................................................................................................!32!
14.3.5! TESTS!FOR!CHEMICALS!AND!CONTAMINANTS!...............................................................................................................!32!
14.3.6! LAYOUT!OF!SITE!INVESTIGATION!PROPOSAL!.................................................................................................................!34!
14.3.7! SITE!INVESTIGATION!COSTING!.........................................................................................................................................!34!
14.4! DRAWINGS)AND)LAYOUT)OF)SUPERMARKET)...................................................................................................)35!
14.5! HAND)CALCULATIONS)SUPERMARKET).............................................................................................................)35!
14.6! DRAWINGS)AND)LAYOUT)OF)MULTI9STOREY)..................................................................................................)35!
14.7! HAND)CALCULATIONS)MULTI9STOREY)............................................................................................................)35!
14.8! HAND)CALCULATIONS)BRIDGE)..........................................................................................................................)35!
14.9! HAND)CALCULATIONS)FOUNDATIONS)..............................................................................................................)36!
14.10! HAND)CALCULATIONS)AND)METHOD)RATIONALE:)DRAINAGE)......................................................................)37!
14.10.1! ASSUMED!VALUES:!..........................................................................................................................................................!37!
14.10.2! EQUATIONS!USED:!...........................................................................................................................................................!38!
14.10.3! CALCULATION!EXAMPLE:!...............................................................................................................................................!38!
14.10.4! CALCULATION!SPREADSHEET!........................................................................................................................................!40!
14.11! CONSTRUCTION)PLAN).....................................................................................................................................)41!
ii!
14.12!
14.13!
14.14!
14.15!
HEALTH)AND)SAFETY)RISK)ASSESSMENT)......................................................................................................)42!
PROJECT)RISK)ASSESSMENT)...........................................................................................................................)42!
PROGRESS)MEETINGS)AGENDAS)AND)MINUTES)............................................................................................)43!
PROGRESS)GANTT)CHART)............................................................................................................................)48!
15! REFERENCES)......................................................................................................................................................)49!
15.1!
15.2!
15.3!
15.4!
15.5!
15.6!
15.7!
15.8!
SUSTAINABILITY)................................................................................................................................................)49!
CONTAMINATION)ASSESSMENT)AND)SITE)INVESTIGATION)............................................................................)49!
SCHEME)DRAINAGE)DESIGN)..............................................................................................................................)49!
CAR)PARKING).....................................................................................................................................................)49!
GROUND)MODEL)...............................................................................................................................................)49!
BRIDGE)..............................................................................................................................................................)49!
MULTI)STOREY)..................................................................................................................................................)49!
FOUNDATIONS)...................................................................................................................................................)49!
iii!
1 Introduction!
!
This! report! will! address! how! Empire! Engineering! has! developed! a! scheme! design! for! the!
redevelopment!of!a!site!in!Sheffield!previously!occupied!by!Neepsend!gas!works.!!The!brief!for!this!
development!was!to!include:!
!
A!mixed!use,!low!or!zero!carbon,!multiCstorey!building!with!a!twoCstorey!basement!
A!low!or!zero!carbon!flagship!supermarket!
An!iconic!pedestrian!bridge!
!
Included!in!this!report!are!arrangements!for!the!layout!and!structural!form!of!the!development!and!
associated!civil!engineering!issues.!!
2 Site!Aims!and!Constraints!
!
Empire!Engineering!has!addressed!this!brief!by!aiming!to!create!an!environmentally,!economically!
and!socially!sustainable!scheme.!
!
Despite! being! in! close! proximity! to! the! centre! of! Sheffield,! the! location! and! shape! of! the! site!
provide!several!constraints.!!The!proximity!of!the!site!to!the!river!Don!presents!a!flood!risk!to!the!
site.!!In!flooding!events!in!July!of!2007,!this!specific!site!flooded!up!to!a!depth!of!0.9m.!
!
A!railway!line!bounds!the!site!to!the!north.!!Currently!this!railway!leads!to!Stocksbridge!steel!works!
and! presents! a! rather! poor! appearance.! ! This! may! lead! to! development! further! from! the! railway!
being!a!preferred!option.!!Development!of!the!land!close!to!the!railway!would!also!pose!a!risk!to!
the! existing! retaining! wall! structure.! ! However,! potentially! the! railway! could! be! developed! as! an!
additional!access!means!of!to!the!site.!
!
There!is!a!gas!main!running!across!the!south!of!the!site!supplying!a!large!part!of!Sheffield.!Empire!
Engineering!envisage!that!during!the!redevelopment!of!the!site,!the!gas!main!will!be!relocated!and!
buried!beneath!Neepsend!Lane.!!The!historic!use!of!the!site!as!a!gas!works!means!that!there!is!a!
high!likelihood!legacy!contamination!from!the!production!of!town!gas.!!The!site!has!also!been!used!
as!a!landfill!site!on!several!occasions!since!the!late!1970s!and!additional!ground!contamination!is!
likely! to! have! occurred! from! this! use.! ! An! initial! assessment! of! the! ground! contamination! can! be!
found!in!section!6!of!this!report.!
!
The!shape!of!the!site!is!a!constraint:!it!narrows!towards!the!northwest!corner.!!As!the!supermarket!
is! specified! to! have! a! large! (5000m2)! ground! floor! retail! area,! the! location! of! this! particular!
structure!is!influenced!by!the!shape!and!versatility!of!the!area!of!the!site.!
!
Existing!structures!remain!present!in!the!ground!from!the!sites!previous!use!as!a!gas!works.!These!
have!been!considered!in!the!design!process.!!Notably!4!large!(51m!diameter)!gas!holders!exist!to!a!
depth! of! 11m! on! the! East! and! West! wings! of! the! site.! Construction! near! these! could! require!
expensive!and!complicated!foundation!designs.!
!
1!
One! of! the! aims! of! Empire! Engineering! has! been! to! utilize! the! area! of! the! site! effectively! and! to!
promote!visibility!of!the!supermarket!from!the!A61!Penistone!Road.!
3 Initial!Ideas!
3.1 Supermarket!
!
Empire! Engineering! considered! three! initial! ideas! for! the! design! of! the! supermarket! Waitburys.!!
All!the!supermarket!designs!are!placed!in!the!South!area!of!the!site,!keeping!the!top!part!of!the!site!
free!for!the!design!of!the!multiCstorey!building!and!keeping!noise!levels!low!for!it.!!
3.1.1 !L!Shaped!Supermarket!
!
Advantages:!
Good!visibility!from!the!A61!road!
Due!to!its!small!spans,!it!is!possible!to!have!green!
roofs!on!the!wings!
Disadvantages:!
Impractical!layout!of!the!supermarket.!
The! span! of! the! intersection! of! the! wings! would!
be!difficult!to!fabricate!as!it!is!about!60!m!
Costs!are!higher!due!to!the!construction!method!
Figure!3E1:!plan!view!of!position!
Figure!3E2:!3D!view!of!concept!
!
!
3.1.2 Trapezium!Shaped!Supermarket!
!
Advantages:!
Good!visibility!from!A61!Road!
Better!orientation!of!the!shape!in!the!site!
Disadvantages:!
Construction!problems!for!the!roof!are!probable!as!the!
span!of!the!one!side!is!70!m!
Flood!risk!is!higher!as!the!supermarket!is!closer!to!the!
river!
!
!
2!
3.1.3 Rectangle!Shaped!Supermarket!
!
Advantages:!
Simple!structure!!easier!construction!method!as!
spans!are!all!the!same!
Easier!arrangement!of!the!site!layout!for!car!park!
and!landscaping!
Better!access!on!the!site!on!either!side!
Disadvantages:!
Visibility!from!the!A61!road!is!reduced!
!
!
!
!
!
3.2 MultiEstorey!building!
!
From!the!site!layout!a!number!of!locations!for!the!supermarket!were!identified.!In!line!with!this,!
potential!locations!for!the!site!to!accommodate!the!multi!storey!were!identified.!The!footprint!of!
the!building!specified!in!the!brief!was!approximately!1000m2:!this!equated!to!a!32m!x!32m!square!
building!and!this!was!used!as!a!basis!of!where!to!place!the!building.!
3.2.1 Gas!Holder!
!
The! first! option! places! the! building! within! an! existing!
gasholder.! On! the! site! there! are! 4! gasholders! with! a!
diameters!of!51m!and!they!each!extend!to!a!depth!of!
11m! bellow! ground! level.! There! is! sufficient! space! to!
place! the! building! inside.! The! figures! below!
demonstrate!this!arrangement.!!The!building!could!be!
placed!within!any!gas!holder,!not!just!the!one!drawn!
below.!
!
3!
!
!
The!access!to!this!site!would!depend!on!which!supermarket!proposal!would!be!used,!because!not!
all!options!allow!access!from!Neepsend!Lane.!
This!proposal!had!a!number!of!advantages!and!disadvantages.!
!
!
Advantages:!
It!is!closely!located!to!all!of!the!chosen!supermarket!locations.!
Can!utilise!existing!groundworks!in!place!on!the!site.!
Away!from!the!railway!line!reducing!noise!if!the!line!is!reopened!for!passenger!use.!
!
Disadvantages!
Noise!from!the!supermarket!may!cause!disruption!to!residents.!
The!gasholders!may!contain!high!levels!of!contamination!that!need!extensive!remediation.!
In!a!location!which!has!previously!flooded.!
Probable!works!required!to!widen!Parkwood!Road.!
!
3.2.2 NW!Position!of!Site!
The! second! location! on! site! considered! was! in! the!

North! West! corner.! The! below! figures! show! how! this!
is!represented!within!the!site!environment.!
!
!!
!
!
!
This!proposal!too!has!a!number!of!advantages!and!disadvantages.!
!
Advantages!
Away!from!any!noise!disruption!caused!by!the!supermarket.!
Much!reduced!flood!risk!due!to!the!River!Don!being!further!away.!
Separate!entrance!available!on!Parkwood!Road.!
Close!to!planned!allotment!and!green!space!on!the!site.!
!
!
4!
Disadvantages!
Potential!noise!and!vibration!issues!may!be!caused!by!the!development!of!the!railway.!
A!greater!distance!from!the!footbridge.!
Parkwood!Road!may!need!development!for!access.)
3.3 Bridge!
!
The!brief!specified!a!number!of!items!that!the!bridge!must!adhere!to:!
!
1.!Must!span!both!the!River!Don!and!Neepsend!Lane,!onto!the!site.!!
2.!Suitable!for!a!segregated!footway!and!cycleway.!
3.!Fully!DDA!compliant.!
4.!The!headroom!over!Neepsend!lane!must!be!suitable!for!all!road!legal!vehicles.!
5.!The!vibration!of!the!pedestrian!bridge!does!not!need!to!be!considered.!
!
Two!initial!concepts!were!considered!for!the!design!of!the!bridge!to!provide!pedestrian!and!cycle!
access!to!the!site.!
!
3.3.1 Arch!Bridge!
Figure!3E11:!example!of!arched!bridge!
Advantages !
Arch!bridges!are!an!economical!way!to!traverse!small!distances!and!are!able!to!cope!with!
high!bending!forces.!
An!arch!is!the!only!shape!that!can!use!single!individual!modules!of!materials,!like!brick,!steel!
and!stone.!!
Disadvantages !
An! arch! bridge! requires! a! very! stable! foundation.! The! bridge! diverts! the!
tension!exerted!on!it!onto!the!foundations!on!either!side!of!the!bridge.!!
Individual!members!used!to!construct!the!arch!may!have!a!high!fabrication!cost.!
5!
3.3.2 Cable!stayed!bridge!
Figure!3E12:!example!of!cable!stay!bridge!
Advantages:!
Cable!stay!bridges!can!be!used!on!fairly!long!spans!compared!to!suspension!bridges!by!using!
supportive! pylons.! ! They! also! have! better! stability! against! wind! loads.!
A!great!advantage!of!the!cableCstayed!bridge!is!that!it!is!essentially!made!of!cantilevers,!and!
can! be! constructed! by! building! out! from! the! towers.! ! This! may! be! advantageous! to! this!
particular!site!due!to!the!limited!space!to!store!construction!materials.!!
Using! tension! is! the! most! efficient! structural! form! to! resist! loading! and! therefore! less!
material!will!be!needed!for!the!construction,!so!there!will!be!less!embodied!carbon!in!the!
overall!development.!
Disadvantages:!
Load!must!be!evenly!distributed!on!each!side!of!the!bridge!to!avoid!collapse.!
4 Scheme!design!and!Justification!
4.1 Waitburys!Supermarket!
The!initial!concepts!for!the!design!of!the!supermarket!were!assessed!using!the!following!weighted!
criteria:!
!
!!
!!
!!
Criteria!
Weighting!
Ease!of!
Construction!
Visibility!from!
the!road!
Accessibility!on!
site!
Use!of!the!land!
10!
6!
3!
9!
10!
7!
9!
4!
7!
5!
3!
9!
3!
6!
8!
3!
Flood!risk!
5!
4!
2!
6!
Scores!
!!
203!
175!
232!
Figure!4E1:!weighting!chart!evaluating!supermarket!
6!
From! this! weighting! chart,! the! rectangular! shaped! supermarket! was! taken! forward! to! design!
development!due!to!its!ease!of!construction!and!accessibility.!
!
The! aim! of! this! project! is! to! design! a! low! or! zero! carbon! supermarket.! The! materials! that! are!
selected!and!the!various!energy!measures!plus!the!renewable!sources!of!energy!that!will!be!used!in!
the! construction! and! operation! of! the! supermarket! will! reduce! the! embodied! carbon! of! it.! ! The!
supermarket!is!designed!to!have!a!rectangular!shape,!which!will!allow!it!to!be!visible!from!the!A61!
road!as!it!is!located!in!the!South!area!of!the!site.!!
Figure!4E2:!front!view!of!supermarket!design!
!
The! supermarket! frame! will! be!
fabricated! using! steel,! timber!
and!precast!reinforced!concrete.!!
Cellular! steel! beams! have! been!
used,!as!the!span!across!the!roof!
of! the! building! is! 25m! so! a!
timber! frame! is! impossible.!!! Figure!4E3:!side!view!of!supermarket!design!
Steel! will! also! increase! the! ease!!
of! deconstruction! after! the! end! of! the! supermarket!
life.!!Steel!can!be!provided!from!local!sources!and!can!
be!recycled!or!reused!after!its!operational!life.!!
!
The! cladding! of! the! supermarket! will! be! Frake!
Sustainable! Hardwood.! ! The! front! elevation! of! the!
store! is! to! be! completely! glazed,! with! an! entrance!
lobby! and! canopy! where! trolleys! will! be! placed.! ! The!
retail! area! of! the! building! is! 5000m2! with! 7m! height,!
the!back!of!house!is!1500m2!for!storage!rooms,!plant!
etc! with! 3.6m.! A! cafe! and! offices! with! staff! welfare!
facilities!are!designed!only!over!the!back!of!house!level!
that! is! 500! m2! and! 1000m2! respectively! with! height!
3.4m.!!
!
The! dimensions! of! the! supermarket! will! be! 100m! x!
50m!for!the!retail!area!and!30m!x!50m!for!the!back!of!
house.!!!
!
As! more! column! free! space! is! required! in! the! retail!
area,!the!columns!have!been!designed!to!be!placed!in!
the! middle! of! the! structure! and! 20m! apart! from! each!
Figure!4E4:!plan!of!column!and!beam!arrangement!for!
other.!!!
retail!area!of!supermarket!
!
!
7!
For! the! back! of! house! area,! caf! and! offices! the!
columns! span! every! 7.5! m! vertically! and! 10! m!
horizontally.!!!
!
The!roof!will!have!a!small!angle,!as!evident!from!
the! fig! 4C2,! the! one! edge! of! the! roof! is! at! 9! m!
from!the!ground!and!the!others!are!5!m!from!the!
ground.! This! angle! helps! to! collect! the! rainwater!
from! the! surface! of! the! roof! into! tanks! for! later!
use.!In!addition!a!footbridge!will!be!connected!to!
Figure!4E5:!plan!of!column!and!beam!arrangement!for!back! the! supermarket,! at! the! first! floor! of! the! caf!
of!house!
area.! ! The! footprint! of! the! supermarket! has! the!
potential! to! be! raised! using! the! excavated!
material!from!the!multiCstorey!development!in!order!to!reduce!the!flood!risk.!!!
!
Detailed!drawings!showing!the!layout!and!hand!calculations!to!size!the!individual!members!in!the!
structure!can!be!found!in!section!14.4!and!14.5!respectively.!!
!
Figure!4E6:!concept!view!of!supermarket!
4.2 MultiEstorey!building!
!
The! main! factor! deciding! which! proposal! to! develop! was! reliant! on! the! choice! of! supermarket!
location! on! the! site.! Apart! from! this! main! consideration! both! ideas! had! merit! and! there! was! no!
outstanding!reason!to!turn!down!either!of!the!proposals.!!
!
The!rectangular!supermarket!proposal!was!chosen!as!shown!above.!Therefore!the!site!in!the!North!
West! corner! was! decided! upon! for! the! MultiCstorey! development.! Noise! produced! by! the!
supermarket!would!cause!disruption!to!the!offices!and!apartments.!!For!a!small!increase!in!distance!
between!both!developments,!disruption!would!be!reduced!without!a!great!effect!on!footfall!to!the!
retail!units!and!fitness!facilities.!
!
!
8!
4.2.1 Initial!design!
!
The! first! development! from! the! concept! stage! of! this! idea! was! to! decide! whether! to! build! this!
structure!from!concrete!or!steel.!In!line!with!Empire!Engineering!policy,!it!is!important!to!consider!
the!building!at!deconstruction!stage!and!not!just!during!its!operational!life.!With!this!in!mind!and!
the!potentially!large!structure!that!was!required!(around!13!storeys),!the!self!weight!of!the!building!
was! going! to! be! sizeable! in! addition! to! the! imposed! loadings! during! use.! From! the! initial! ground!
model!is!is!estimated!that!the!ground!in!this!location!has!a!relatively!low!bearing!capacity,!and!large!
concrete!piles!would!be!required!for!any!heavy!structure.!
!
Taking!all!this!criteria,!the!main!structural!material!chosen!was!steel,!as!it!could!be!locally!sourced,!
has!a!high!strength!to!weight!ratio!and!is!reuseable!after!the!operational!life!of!the!building.!
!
Initially,! the! square! building! proposal! with! 32m! sides! was! used.! ! Internal! columns! were! placed! 8!
metres! apart! allowing! flexible! use! for! the! space,! without! great! expense! in! high! end! materials! to!
span! these! distances.! ! However,! in! the! brief! it! was! specified! that! both! basement! levels! required!
column!free!areas!of!15m!by!25m!in!size.!!The!beams!on!these!floors!would!therefore!be!required!
to!span!16m!across!whilst!also!supporting!the!point!load!caused!by!the!column!in!the!centre!of!the!
span! (existing! in! all! floors! above! ground).! ! It! became! apparent! that! no! rolled! I! section! would! be!
capable!of!supporting!such!a!large!bending!moment,!and!any!fabricated!sections!would!need!to!be!
at!least!1.2m!deep.!!This!would!be!impractical!and!costly.!
!
4.2.2 Further!Development!
Using!this!restraint!a!number!of!solutions!were!proposed.!
!
4.2.2.1 Offset*Basement*
This! idea! proposed! that! the! two! basement! floors! would! be! set! outside! of! the! footprint! of! the!
building,! removing! the! point! load! caused! by! the! column! on! the! above! ground! floors.! This!
development! was! not! used! partially! due! to! access! being! difficult! from! the! above! ground!
substructure,!but!mainly!because!it!greatly!increased!the!overall!footprint!of!the!land,!and!in!turn!
larger!remediation!works!would!be!necessary.!Below!is!a!proposal!for!the!offset!basement,!it!shows!
the!swimming!pool!and!fitness!studio!below!the!ground!with!no!loads!on!top!caused!by!the!above!
ground!structure.!
Figure!4E7:!plan!view!of!structure!
!
9!
Figure!4E8:!side!view!of!proposal!
It!can!be!seen!in!the!above!figure!that!the!basement!has!no!load!imposed!upon!it.!
!
4.2.2.2 Floor*Redistribution*
This! idea! reduced! the! number! of! floors! on! top! of! these! long! spanning! beams! by! changing! the!
dimensions!of!the!building.!!This!would!then!allow!the!problematic!column!to!be!removed.!This!led!
to!a!L!shaped!proposal!with!a!small!rectangle!sticking!out.!The!building!would!have!7m!spanning!
columns!within!and!a!larger!amount!of!retail!space!than!specified.!
!
4.2.3 Final!Design!
It! was! decided! that! the! final! design! would! use! the! floor! redistribution! approach! as! it! was! more!
relevant!to!the!brief!and!would!require!less!remediation!and!construction!works.!A!sketch!can!be!
seen!in!figure!4C5!and!detailed!drawing!can!be!found!in!section!14.6.!
!
!
The! yellow! denotes! the! apartment! floor,! 5! in!
total!with!a!floor!space!of!3920m2!
The! blue! denotes! the! office! space! on! 5! floors!
with!a!floor!space!of!5100m2!
The! Green! denotes! the! retail! space! totaling!
1176m2.!
The!basement!floors!both!have!392m2!of!fitness!
space!and!686m2!of!ancillary!space.!
!
This! building! will! be! steel! framed! with! timber!
cladding!on!the!outside.!Due!to!steel!being!used!
it!will!also!feature!a!bracing!frame!to!counteract!
all!wind!loadings!imposed!on!the!structure.!It!will!
have!an!aluminium!roof!that!will!be!slanted!at!a!
Figure!4E9:!3D!visualisation!of!multiEstorey!
small!angle!to!encourage!rainwater!to!flow!into!a!
10!
guttering!system.!!
!
Each! floor! uses! the! same! beam! and! column! configuration.! Due! to! the! repeating! nature! of! the!
building!there!are!many!members!that!are!the!same!on!each!floor.!This!is!shown!on!the!floor!plan!
in!figure!4C6!below.!
Figure!4E10:!plan!of!column!and!beam!arrangement!
!!
The!exact!size!of!beams!ACI!and!columns!1C8!and!XCZ!can!be!found!in!section!14.7!for!each!floor.!
The!sway!frame!sizings!can!also!be!found!in!appendix!14.7.!
!
11!
4.3 Bridge!
!
Due!to!the!ease!of!construction!and!efficient!use!of!materials,!the!cable!stay!bridge!was!the!most!
suitable! option! for! this! site.! ! Detailed! hand! calculations! showing! member! sizes! are! included! in!
appendix!14.8,!however!a!summary!is!shown!below.!
!
Figure!4E11:!bridge!scheme!concept!
!
4.3.1 Part!A!
!
Part!A!consists!of!a!footway!entering!the!supermarket!directly,!and!a!ramp!leading!directly!to!the!
supermarket!car!park!where!access!to!the!multiCstorey!can!then!be!obtained.!It!consists!of:!
10m!long!ramp!(headroom!5.7mC3.9m)!
4m!wide!with!1.4m!high!parapet!on!each!side!
The!cycleway/footway!continuing!to!the!parking!area!consists!of:!
L!shape!85m!long!(headroom!5.7mC0m)!
3m!wide!with!1.4m!high!parapet!on!each!side!
4.3.1.1 Materials:*
Hollow! brick! foundation! with!
cement!covering!
!
!
!
Figure!4E12:!part!A!
4.3.2 Part!B!
!
This! is! the! main! part! of! the! bridge,!
which! spans! both! the! River! Don! and!
Neepsend!Lane.!It!is!120!m!long!and!4m!
wide! with! 1.4m! parapets,! two! pylons!
and! two! piers! on! each! side.! ! The! space!
of!footway!and!cycleway!is!half!and!half,!
nearly! 2m! wide! for! each.! ! The! gradient!
is!fully!DDA!compliant!and!the!clearance!
above!Neepsend!Lane!is!5.7m.!
Figure!4E13:!part!B!
12!
4.3.2.1 Materials:*
RC!Slab:!!
4m!span/10m!long/!C35/40!/160mm!thickness/!!!H12C200!
Beam:!!!
2!Main!beams!UB!457x191x82!!!!(120m!long!for!each)!!!!
!!!!!
!
24!Lateral!bracing!beams!UB!203x102x23!(3.8m!long!for!each)!
RC!pylon:!!
2m!diameter!for!the!pylon!bottom/1.5m!diameter!for!the!pylon!top!
!!!!!!!!!!! !
4!pylons!in!this!part,!30m!high!each!
Steel!Cable:!! Macalloy!460!Bra!System!M30/bar!weight!4.8KN/m!!
!!!!!!! !
Nominal!bar!Dia!28mm/!Min!Yield!Load!249KN/Min!break!Load!330KN/!!
!!!!!!! !
6!cables!on!each!pylon!
RC!pier:!!
RC!column!which!diameter!is!2m/5.7m!high!
!!!!!!!!! !
4!piers!in!this!part,!5.7m!high!each!!!!!!!!!!
!
4.3.3 Part!C!
!
The! access! to! the! bridge! (from! the! site! to!
the! South),! is! constructed! using! a! V! shape!
to! fit! the! slope! and! reduce! the! space!
required.!
It! is! 90m! long! and! 4m! wide! with! both!
footway! and! cycleway.! ! There! is! a! 1.4m!
parapet!around!it.!
Figure!4E14:!part!C!
4.3.3.1 Materials:*
Hollow!brick!foundation!with!cement!covering!
4.3.4 Cost!!
Because!of!the!foundation!materials!use!in!part!A!and!C,!The!cost!of!materials!in!part!A!and!C!is!
higher!than!Part!B,!however!it!will!provide!stability!for!the!bridge!in!the!wind!and!avoid!collapse!if!
loading!is!distributed!unevenly.!
5 Development!of!a!Preliminary!Ground!Model!
!
Using! data! available! from! a! desk! top! study! of! the! area! a!
simplified!ground!model!of!the!likely!geological!conditions!
beneath! each! structure! has! been! produced.! ! These!
conditions!play!a!key!role!in!the!design!and!aims!of!the!site!
investigation! and! the! scheme! design! for! foundation!
structures.!
!
4! sections! have! been! drawn! through! the! site:! 2!
approximately!parallel!with!the!direction!of!the!dip!of!the!
strata! on! the! site! and! 2! approximately! perpendicular! to!
this! (see! plan! layout! of! site! sections).! ! These! sections! can!
be! found! in! appendix! 14.2.! ! The! main! soil! and! rock! types!
on!the!site!are!alluvium,!Loxley!Edge!Rock!(sandstone)!and!
Pennine!Lower!Coal!Measures!(largely!consisting!of!layers!
of!weak!mudstone).!!!
Figure!5E1:!arrangement!of!geological!cross!sections!
13!
5.1.1 Conditions!below!each!structure!
!
The!following!ground!conditions!have!
been!estimated!beneath!each!structure:!
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Figure!5E2:!ground!conditions!below!supermarket!
Figure!5E3:!key!for!ground!conditions!!
!
!
!
Figure!5E4:!ground!conditions!below!bridge!
Figure!5E5:!ground!conditions!below!multiEstorey!
6 Preliminary!Assessment!of!Contamination!Risk!
!
6.1 History!
!
The! site! was! previously! used! as! a! gas! works! where! coal! was! heated! in! ovens! to! very! high!
temperatures! with! limited! oxygen! to! produce! town! gas.! ! Other! byCproducts! of! this! process! were!
coke,!coal!tar!and!ammoniacal!liquor.!
!
The!gas!produced!at!gas!works!often!had!high!levels!of!hydrogen!sulphide!that!had!to!be!reduced!
before!use:!this!was!done!initially!using!slaked!lime!(producing!foul!lime)!and!later!iron!oxide!(ferric!
!
14!
sulphide)! in! the! form! of! bog! ore.! ! Other! previous! uses! of! the! site! are! detailed! in! appendices,!
section!14.1.!
!
6.2 Likely!Contaminants!
!
Coal! tar:! this! is! a! byCproduct! of! the! gas! production! process.! ! Coal! tar! often! contains! a!
mixture! of! aromatic! hydrocarbons! (e.g.! benzene,! toluene! and! xylene)! and! polycyclic!
aromatic! hydrocarbons.! ! It! may! also! contain! inorganic! compounds! (DNAPL! or! LNAPL).! ! On!
small! sites! such! as! the! one! concerned! coal! tar! was! stored! in! underground! tanks! ! some!
contamination!may!have!occurred!from!leaking.!
Organic! hydrocarbons:! it! is! likely! that! the! site! will! include! NAPLs! (nonCaqueous! phase!
liquids)!such!as!oil!and!petrol.!!These!are!often!very!harmful!chemicals!and!can!be!hard!to!
extract!as!they!are!difficult!to!pump.!!Their!high!toxicity!means!that!any!dissolved!amount!
can!cause!massive!problems.!
Metals:! metals! are! often! waste! products! from! combustion! and! there! used! to! be! a!
furnace/chimney! in! the! centre! of! the! site! to! enable! gas! production.! ! Heavy! metals! are!
present!in!bog!ore,!spent!oxide!and!foul!lime!(all!used!toreduce!levels!of!hydrogen!sulphide!
in!town!gas).!!Lead!was!also!often!used!to!seal!joints!on!gas!holders!and!pipework.!!Heavy!
metals!that!pose!a!risk!to!health!and!that!should!be!monitored!include:!arsenic,!cadmium,!
chromium,!nickel,!lead,!selenium.!
Ammoniacal!liquor:!another!byCproduct!of!gas!production,!ammoniacal!liquor!contains!free!
ammonia! (salts! such! as! sulphide,! cyanide,! carbonade,! bicarbonate)! and! fixed! ammonia!
(salts! such! as! chloride,! thiocynate,! ferrocyanide,! thiosulphate).! ! Sulphates! can! cause! acid!
attack!in!both!concrete!and!steel!structures.!!Ammoniacal!liquor!is!likely!to!be!found!in!coal!
tar!pits,!tanks!and!in/near!pipework.!
Spent!oxide:!a!result!of!gas!purification!using!gas!oxide!spent!oxide!is!highly!acidic!and!has!a!
high!sulphur!content.!!Small!sites!often!disposed!of!spent!oxide!on!site!as!waste!and!it!was!
sometimes!used!as!fill,!therefore!it!may!occur!at!depth!on!this!site.!
Asbestos! may! be! present! on! site! due! to! cement! bonded! asbestos! being! authorized! for!
landfill!on!site!between!1977!and!1978!(envirocheck!report)!
6.3 Risk!
!
Remediation! is! only! considered! necessary! if! the! present! contamination! poses! a! risk! to! the!
environment!or!public!health.!
!
It!is!likely!that!the!groundwater!in!the!site!is!contaminated!as!many!of!the!likely!contaminants!are!
soluble! (e.g.! phenol,! ammonia)! or! partially! soluble.! ! From! the! envirocheck! report! it! can! be!
ascertained! that! the! geological! classification! of! the! site! is! of! a! minor! aquifier! meaning! that! the!
ground! below! is! variably! permeable.! ! The! bedrock! on! this! site! is! therefore! likely! to! provide! base!
flow! to! rivers! and! considering! the! close! proximity! of! the! site! to! the! River! Don! the! risk! of!
contamination! is! high.! ! The! report! also! states! that! the! area! hashigh! groundwater! vulnerability.!!
The!soil!is!classified!as!having!high!leaching!potential!and!high!vulberability!is!assumed.!
!
Furthermore,! the! report! details! of! 3! incidences! (1991,! 1993,! 1998)! of! pollution! incidents! to!
controlled! water! where! oil! and! diesel! contaminants! have! been! released! to! surrounding!
watercourses!e.g.!the!River!Don.!
!
15!
!
It!is!therefore!likely!that!remediation!of!the!groundwater!on!site!will!be!necessary!and!test!should!
be!considered!to!assess!the!extent!of!any!contamination.!
!
Asides!to!the!risk!of!contamination!to!the!nearby!river,!it!is!also!possible!that!vapour!from!the!gas!
in!the!ground!may!cause!air!pollution,!harming!human!health.!
!
The!likely!ground!contamination!also!means!that!contaminants!are!likely!to!have!been!taken!up!by!
the!soil!and!may!harm!local!ecology.!!This!is!a!concern!if!extra!space!on!the!site!is!to!be!turned!into!
allotments!for!local!residents!(as!mentioned!in!the!design!brief).!
!
6.4 Associated!site!investigation!
!
A! site! investigation! is! necessary! to! sample! the! soil! and! water! so! that! the! extent! of! any!
contamination!can!be!quantified.!!Contaminated!land!creates!a!risk!to!those!who!use!it.!!The!only!
way!to!reduce!this!risk!is!to!change!the!land!use!or!to!remediate!the!land.!!In!this!case,!in!order!to!
make!the!land!suitable!for!use!remediation!is!required.!The!results!from!the!site!investigation!will!
allow! the! design! of! an! appropriate! remediation! process.! ! Details! of! the! site! investigation! can! be!
found!in!appendix!14.3.!
!
The! location! of! the! planned! intrusive! works! is! mainly! based! on! geotechnical! considerations! !
sampling!will!be!done!where!there!is!also!a!need!to!collect!geological!information.!!However!trial!
pits! across! the! site! will! provide! extra! coverage! in! other! locations! in! order! to! put! together! a!
conceptual!model!of!the!contaminant!levels!across!the!whole!site.!
!
The!site!is!likely!to!be!highly!contaminated!inside!the!4!gas!holders!and!near!the!pipe!run.!!However!
contamination!is!also!likely!present!around!any!areas!that!processes!were!carried!out!!any!historic!
tanks! or! pits! and! even! in! the! made! ground.! ! Therefore! a! conceptual! model! of! the! whole! site! is!
necessary.!
Remediation!will!probably!be!necessary!to!different!extents!across!the!site.!!The!Northwest!of!the!
site!is!to!be!used!as!commercial!and!residential!premises.!!The!SGV!values!for!residential!are!critical!
here! therefore! it! is! likely! that! a! high! level! of! remediation! will! be! required.! ! However! the!
supermarket! located! in! the! south! of! the! site! is! a! commercial! use! and! therefore! lower! levels! of!
remediation!will!be!required.!
16!
7 Foundation!Design!
7.1 MultiEstorey!
!
Detailed!hand!calculations!and!diagrams!showing!the!proposed!foundations!for!this!structure!are!
included!in!appendix!14.9.!
7.1.1 Main!structure!
!
Each!column!load!is!resisted!by!(4!no.)!3m!piles!with!a!2.5m!x!2.5m!x!0.4m!cap.!Pile!diameters!are!
0.6m,!0.5m!or!0.3m.!
7.1.2 Pool!
!
The!swimming!pool!sits!on!a!400m!deep!ground!bearing!slab!which!extends!to!the!base!of!the!
retaining!wall!
7.1.3 Basement!retaining!wall!
!
The!basement!is!constructed!by!means!of!a!propped!cantilever!retaining!wall!which!extends!2.0m!
bellow!lower!basement!level.!
Rotational!failure!about!the!ground!floor!is!resisted!by!the!upper!basement!level!beams!and!the!
lover!basement!ground!slab.!The!pool!bearing!ground!slab!provides!a!greater!propping!force!in!the!
swimming!pool!area!where!the!lower!basement!slab!and!buried!resistance!are!no!present!
7.2 Supermarket!
!
7.2.1 Retail!area!!
!
Column!loads!are!resisted!by!(3no.!Types)!shallow!pad!foundations.!Pads!are!3.5m!x3.5m!x!1.0m,!
2.5m!x2.5m!x1.0m!or!1.0!m!x!1.0!m!x!0.5m.!A!200mm!Slab!is!poured!around!these!pads.!
7.2.2 Back!of!house!
!
Column!and!live!loads!are!resisted!by!a!400mm!deep!slab!poured!over!the!whole!back!of!house!
area!extending!500mm!beyond!all!4!perimeters!
!
7.3 Bridge!
!
!
Worst!case!loading!is!from!the!pairs!of!towers.!Each!pair!supported!by!(6!no.)!6.5m!x!0.6m!driven!
piles!with!a!1.5m!x!6.0m!x!0.5m!cap!
!
!
17!
Site!Access!
!
Main!access!to!the!site!will!be!via!Parkwood!road,!with!
a! main! access! road! providing! access! to! the!
supermarket!carpark!and!the!multi!storey!building.!!An!
additional! access! road! runs! to! the! East! of! the!
supermarket! offering! space! for! loading! and! unloading!
into! the! back! of! house! area! (located! at! the! south!
portion!of!the!supermarket).!
!
The!pedestrian!and!cycle!bridge!connecting!the!site!to!
the!site!used!as!access!towards!the!southeast!has!been!
designed! to! give! sufficient! clearance! over! Neepsend!
Lane!such!that!all!road!legal!vehicles!(including!Heavy!
Good!Vehicles)!can!pass!underneath.!
!
The!pedestrian!and!cycle!bridge!splits!off!after!entering!
the!site!as!it!reaches!the!supermarket.!!Pedestrians!can!
continue! immediately! into! the! top! level! of! the! Figure!0E1:!plan!showing!location!of!access!roads!
supermarket!if!they!wish,!entering!the!restaurant!area!
(above! the! back! of! house! area)! or! can! follow! the! bridge! down! to! the! carpark! where! the!
supermarket!can!be!accessed!at!ground!level!or!access!into!the!multi!storey!building!is!possible.!
!
It!is!not!envisaged!that!Parkwood!road!would!need!any!strengthening!works!to!support!regular!use!
by!Heavy!Goods!Vehicles.!!!
8 Drainage!
!
An!initial!scheme!arrangement!for!drainage!has!been!designed!to!account!for!surface!runoff!leaving!
the!site!after!storm!events.!Although!it!is!envisaged!that!SuDS!devices!will!be!incorporated!into!the!
detailed! design! of! both! the! supermarket! and! office/residential! complex! developments,! it! is!
assumed!in!the!scheme!design!that!all!storm!water!will!pass!into!the!sewer.!!!
!
The! impermeable! areas! likely! to! create! large! volumes! of! runoff! are! the! two! buildings,! associated!
carparking!and!access!roads.!
!
Plan!areas!of!these!are!as!follows:!
!
Multi!storey!!1200m2!
Supermarket!!6500m2!
Supermarket!carparking!(250!spaces)!!C!4800m2!
Access!road!1!!500m2!
Access!road!2!!425m2!
!
A!layout!of!pipes!to!follow!ground!contours!as!closely!as!possible!is!shown!on!a!plan!diagram!(fig!9C
1).!
!
18!
!
There! are! 5! pipes,! each! carrying! runoff! from! the!
following!areas:!
!
1.001!!Multi!storey!
1.002!!Multi!storey!and!access!road!1!
2.001!!carpark!
2.002!!carpark!
3.001!!Supermarket!and!access!road!2!
4.001!!Multi!storey,!supermarket,!carpark,!access!
road!1,!access!road!2!
!
Pipe! 4.001! joins! the! main! sewer! network! under!
Neepsend! lane! at! the! junction! between! pipes!
611760! 00012! and! 611760! 00017! at! an! invert!
depth!of!3.97m.!!The!ground!level!is!estimated!to!
be!51.2m!AOD!at!this!point!(from!OS!maps).!
!
Gradients! and! positions! of! these! pipes! having!
been! set! (see! corresponding! drawing),! therefore!
the! size! of! pipes! used! is! dependent! on! the! storm!
water!discharge!they!are!required!to!carry.!
!
Average! rainfall! intensities! for! different! storm! durations! for! 2,! 5,! 10! and! 30! year! return! periods!
using!an!M5C60!rainfall!depth!of!20.5mm!and!an!r!value!of!0.39!(from!FSR!maps)!were!calculated!
specific!to!the!site.!
!
The! modified! rational! method! was! used! to! size! the! pipes! required! for! critical! intensities! for! each!
return! period.! ! The! discharge! into! the! sewer! is! the! discharge! leaving! pipe! 4.001.! ! Detailed!
supportive!hand!calculations!and!a!description!of!the!method!used!are!included!in!appendix!14.10.!
!
For!drainage!design!for!a!1!in!30!year!failure,!a!10!year!return!period!of!design!storm!is!usually!used!
(Butler,!Davis),!therefore!proposed!pipe!sizes!have!been!highlighted!below:!
!
!
Figure!8E1:!drainage!pipe!layout!
Figure!8E2:!chart!showing!different!design!pipe!sizes!
19!
9 Costing!
9.1 Supermarket!!
!
!
Benchmark!
/m2!GFA!
1093!
Supermarket!
Cost! Area!
Cost!!
5000!
5,465,000!
1500!
931,500!
852!
500!
426,000!
Offices!
1412!
1000!
1,412,000!
TOTAL!
8,234,500!
Area!
m2 !
784!
Cost!!
!
1,586,910.1!
Ancillary!area!
Benchmark!Cost!
/m2!GFA!
2024.12!
!
954!
!
1372!
1,308,888!
Retail!area!
587!
1176!
690,312!
Office!area!
1412!
5100!
7,201,200!
Residential!area!
1010.5!
3920!
3,961,160!
TOTAL!
14,648,470.1!
Back! of!
house!
Caf!
the! 621!
!!
The!Supermarket!will!cost!about!!8m.!
!
9.2 MultiEstorey!
!
!
Fitness!centre!
!!
The!multiCstorey!building!will!cost!about!!15m.!
!
9.3 Bridge!
!
The!materials!for!the!bridge!construction!are!estimated!to!cost!0.3m.!
!
For!a!breakdown!of!bridge!costings!please!refer!to!Appendix!14.8!where!costings!are!detailed!at!the!
end!of!the!hand!calculations!for!the!bridge.!
!
9.4 Foundations!
33!pile!groups!at!3000!each!!100000!
3100m3!of!concrete!slab!at!300!per!m3!=!930000!
Total!price!1030000!
!
!
20!
10 Construction!Plan!
!
A!GANTT!chart!showing!the!phasing!of!construction!works!for!the!proposed!development!has!been!
!
Due!to!the!high!volume!of!remediation!works!that!are!likely!to!be!required,!it!is!planned!to!
remediation!the!entire!site!in!one!phase.!!This!has!been!scheduled!first,!with!remediation!works!
taking!longest!for!the!multiCstorey!development!due!to!the!required!basement!excavation.!
!
After!initial!remediation!works,!the!development!of!the!substructure!and!subsequent!
superstructure!for!each!item!can!commence.!
!
As!the!multiCstorey!building!is!critical!in!terms!of!time,!it!will!finish!last,!with!an!estimated!total!
construction!time!of!30!months.!!This!will!also!give!the!opportunity!for!revenue!to!be!raised!from!
the!supermarket!opening!before!the!entire!site!development!is!complete.!
!
The!bridge!is!planned!to!be!completed!first,!as!it!would!be!difficult!to!complete!groundworks!and!
construct!with!the!supermarket!in!the!way.!!As!soon!as!the!superstructure!for!the!bridge!is!
complete,!the!construction!of!the!superstructure!for!the!supermarket!can!commence!as!access!will!
no!longer!be!needed!to!the!extreme!south!of!the!site.!
!
It!is!envisaged!that!following!remediation!works,!the!piling!for!the!foundations!for!the!multiCstorey!
building!will!begin.!!After!the!piling!has!been!completed,!the!basement!will!be!excavated!and!piles!
broken!down!to!design!depth.!!This!will!eliminate!risks!related!to!piling!in!confined!spaces!and!
working!at!height!(on!the!edge!of!an!excavation).!
!
After!the!basement!excavation,!substructure!works!will!be!completed,!before!the!superstructure!
can!be!constructed.!
!
11 Sustainability!
!
The!aim!of!this!project!is!to!create!an!environmentally,!economically!as!well!as!socially!sustainable!
structure.!Empire!Engineering!has!strived!to!achieve!the!lowest!life!cycle!energy,!not!just!to!
minimise!the!operational!energy!of!the!structures.!
!
The!buildings!are!not!designed!with!a!composite!structure!in!order!to!be!simple!to!both!construct!
and!deconstruct.!A!key!point!for!the!construction!is!to!use!durable!materials!and!components!that!
will!have!long!enough!life!spans!to!be!reused!after!the!deconstruction,!and!materials!that!require!
little!maintenance!as!maintenance!contributes!to!the!whole!life!cycle!of!embodied!energy!and!
carbon.!!
!
21!
11.1 Materials!
!
Structures!have!been!designed!to!use!the!minimal!amount!of!material.!!Where!possible,!recycled!
materials!have!been!specified!and!taken!from!sources!as!close!as!possible!to!the!site!in!order!to!
reduce!the!transportation!energy.!!
!
In!addition,!materials!that!have!to!be!replaced!within!the!lifespan!of!the!buildings!are!designed!to!
be!easily!accessible.!Environmental!impacts!at!the!end!of!each!structures!life!will!be!reduced!by!
eliminating!waste!to!landfill,!and!increasing!both!reuse!and!recycling!of!the!materials.!Hence!the!
main!materials!that!will!be!used!for!the!construction!of!the!bridge,!the!multi!storey!and!the!
supermarket!are!concrete,!steel!and!timber.!!!
!
11.1.1 Concrete!
!
Concrete!will!be!mostly!used!in!the!construction!of!the!bridge.!In!order!to!minimise!the!embodied!
carbon!of!concrete,!waste!materials!in!cement!such!as!fly!ash!and!recycled!aggregates!will!be!used.!!
The!structures!are!designed!to!use!Precast!RC!40/50!MPa!with!initial!embodied!carbon!value!of!
0.18!kgCO2e/kg!(ICE).!In!addition,!the!rebar!in!the!reinforcement!concrete!is!specified!for!100%!
recycled!steel.!As!concrete!is!very!durable!it!requires!little!maintenance!over!its!lifespan!of!
approximately!80!years.!!After!the!demolition!of!the!site,!the!concrete!will!be!crushed!and!used!as!
subCbase!or!fill.!!
!
11.1.2 Timber!!
The!design!incorporates!timber!for!cladding!the!multiCstorey!building!as!well!as!the!supermarket,!
specifically!Frake!Sustainable!Hardwood!with!initial!embodied!carbon!0.31!kgCO2e/kg.!!This!timber!
has!minimal!processing!and!is!from!a!sustainable!forest!close!to!the!Neepsend!area.!!Timber!stores!
carbon!over!its!lifetime!and!requires!little!maintenance,!as!it!is!very!durable.!After!the!
deconstruction!of!the!structures,!most!timber!waste!will!be!incinerated!or!degraded.!!Due!to!the!
problems!of!the!contamination!of!the!timber,!the!reuse!and!recycle!process!is!restricted.!!
!
11.1.3 Steel!
!
The!frames!of!both!the!multiCstorey!development!and!supermarket!are!designed!to!be!a!steel!
structure!using!recycled!steel!of!UK!Typical!(EU!59%!Recy.)!with!initial!embodied!carbon!of!1.53!
kgCO2e/kg.!Steel!provides!a!strong!high!quality!and!aesthetically!pleasing!design,!which!is!cost!
effective!in!both!construction!and!maintenance!and!can!last!as!long!as!30!years.!The!benefit!of!
using!steel!structure!is!that!after!the!deconstruction,!steel!will!be!recycled!and!form!products!that!
are!of!the!same!or!higher!standard!and!quality!as!the!original!material.!!
!
11.1.4 Aluminium!
!
Supermarket!and!multiCstorey!building!as!well!are!designed!to!have!a!lightweight!aluminium!roof!
with!embodied!carbon!energy!of!9.16!kgCO2e/kg.!The!materials!lightweight!results!in!low!energy!
usage!during!machining,!transportation!and!handling.!!In!addition!the!materials!excellent!
22!
resistance!to!corrosion!and!weathering!reduces!maintenance!and!extends!the!lifetime!of!the!
product.!Aluminium!can!either!be!used!after!dismantling!or!indefinitely!recycled.!
!
11.2 Mixed!use!MultiEstorey!Building!!
!
Energy!efficient!measures!are!grouped!into!three!packages:!each!one!representing!a!different!level!
of!additional!capital!investment!from!the!government.!!Therefore!in!order!to!save!money!over!a!25C
year!period!and!reduce!operational!carbon!emission!and!keep!the!building!low!or!zero!carbon,!the!
designed!is!specified!to!the!package!that!includes!vertically!reduced!glazing!by!2m!in!order!to!
reduce!the!cooling!load!in!summer!and!heating!requirement!in!winter;!low!energy!lamps!with!
controls!for!efficient!use!and!wall!insulation!with!a!UC!value!of!0.25!W/m2K.!!!
Also!groundCsource!heat!pumps!will!be!used!so!that!heat!can!be!taken!from!the!ground!and!
transferred!through!a!heat!pump!to!the!heating!system!in!the!dwelling.!Mechanical!ventilation!heat!
recovery!systems!will!be!used!in!order!to!provide!fresh!air!and!improve!climate!control,!whilst!also!
saving!energy!by!reducing!heating!(and!cooling)!requirements.!In!order!to!produce!the!rest!of!
energy!required,!the!most!appropriate!solutions!are!to!use!solar!panels!on!the!roof.!
!
11.3 Supermarket!
!
The!supermarket!is!designed!to!be!low!or!zero!carbon.!In!the!longCterm!the!most!cost!efficient!
solution!to!reduce!carbon!dioxide!emissions!is!to!use!high!efficiency!lamps!and!luminaries,!10%!of!
the!roof!area!will!be!lit!naturally!with!daylight!dimming.!Ventilation!heat!recovery!systems!will!take!
care!of!all!the!extract!and!ventilation!requirements,!but!also!reduce!energy!consumption!by!
recovering!otherwise!wasted!heat.!In!addition!solar!panels!will!produce!the!rest!energy!required!
from!the!supermarket,!as!wind!turbines!are!not!suitable!to!be!used!in!this!site!due!to!its!lowClying!
sheltered!location.!
!
11.4 Flood!resilience!measures!
!
The!buildings!are!designed!to!have!materials!with!low!permeability!up!to!0.3m,!to!accept!water!
passage!through!them!at!higher!water!depths,!to!drain!water!away!after!flooding!and!to!have!
access!to!all!spaces!to!permit!drying!and!cleaning.!In!addition!the!excavated!material!that!will!be!
taken!for!the!construction!of!the!basement!of!multiCstorey!building!can!potentially!be!used!to!raise!
the!level!of!the!supermarket,!as!the!flood!risk!is!higher!in!that!area.!!Also!the!excavated!material!
will!be!used!to!create!landscape!around!the!buildings!can!act!to!divert!water!away!from!the!
buildings!in!the!event!of!a!flood.!
!
11.5 Water!Management!
!
At!first!Rainwater!Harvesting!Systems!will!be!used!in!order!to!collect!the!rainwater!from!the!surface!
and!store!it!in!tanks!for!later!use,!like!irrigation!and!flushing.!In!addition!greywater!systems!are!
designed!to!treat!the!water!from!hand!basins,!washing!machines,!showers!and!baths!as!it!easier!
than!the!blackwater,!because!of!lower!levels!of!contaminants!and!reuse!it!for!flushing!and!irrigation!
as!well.!
!
!
!
23!
12 Health!and!Safety!
12.1 Health!and!Safety!Risk!Assessment!
!
During!the!construction!phasing!of!this!project!it!is!foreseen!that!there!will!be!a!significant!risk!to!
the!people!working!on!and!around!the!site!and!also!the!environment!surrounding!the!site!(e.g.!the!
River!Don).!
!
A!risk!assessment!detailing!the!health!and!safety!risks!and!how!they!have!been!mitigated!is!
!
12.2 Project!Risk!Assessment!
!
A!number!of!potential!problems!have!been!identified!that!will!pose!as!risks!to!the!overall!
development!of!the!site!throughout!the!project!site.!
!
These!include!unforeseen!properties!that!may!arise!from!the!site!investigation!or!more!extensive!
contamination!than!estimated!thus!requiring!extra!remediation!works.!!The!timescale!of!the!project!
is!likely!to!be!greatly!influenced!by!the!ground!conditions!that!are!present!and!any!outside!factors!
such!as!delays!in!material!transport!and!the!client!wishing!to!make!changes!to!the!development!as!
it!progresses.!
!
A!risk!assessment!detailing!risks!to!the!project!and!how!they!have!been!mitigated!is!included!in!
appendix!14.12.!
24!
13 Appendices!
13.1 Other!site!uses!
!
In!addition!to!use!as!a!gasworks,!the!envirocheck!report!details!4!different!records!of!the!site!being!
used!for!landfill.!Different!authorized!waste!for!site!has!included!over!the!years:!
!
1st!March!1978!
Excavation!Waste!
Inert!Rubble!
!
1st!November!1977:!
Cement!Bonded!Asbestos!
Commercial!Waste!
Construction!And!Demolition!Wastes!
Foundry!Sand!
Ind.!NonCHaz.!Waste!
Industrial!Effluent!Treatment!Sludge!
Inert!Non!Haz.!Fume!Extraction!Dust!
Inert!Non!Haz.!Fume!Extraction!Sludges!
NonCHazardous!Waste!
Oil!Contaminated!Non!Mobile!Sludges!
!
1st!march!1986!
Hardcore!
Quarry!Waste!
Soil,Subsoil!
!
1st!may!1985!
Clean!Inert!Excavated!Waste!
Construction!And!Demolition!Wastes!
Foundry!Sand!
Hardcore,Rubble,Solid!Concrete!
Road!Excavations,!Tarmac!
!
13.2 Ground!model!
13.2.1 Method!behind!development!of!ground!model!
!
From!a!geological!map!of!the!area,!the!width!of!the!outcrop!of!Loxley!Edge!rock!can!be!seen!to!be!
of!average!width!25m!across!the!site.!!Knowing!the!dip!is!approximately!30!(from!geological!maps!
of!the!area)!it!was!determined!that!the!depth!of!Loxley!Edge!rock!was!on!average!14m.!!!
!
Using!spot!heights!from!Ordnance!Survey!maps,!profiles!showing!the!ground!level!changes!across!
each!section!were!created.!!Using!a!map!of!the!surface!geology!of!the!area!(from!Edina!Digimap)!
junctions! of! each! stratum! on! the! grounds! surface! were! identified! on! each! section! profile.! ! From!
here,!using!the!known!depth!of!Loxley!edge!rock!and!where!it!outcropped!at!two!points!on!section!
!
25!
ACA!it!was!possible!to!estimate!ground!conditions!to!a!depth!of!30m!AOD.!!Using!section!ACA!the!
corresponding!depths!of!each!bed!were!marked!on!the!appropriate!section.!
!
The!depth!of!alluvium!on!sections!BCB,!YCY!and!ZCZ!was!estimated!using!Borehole!logs.!!Assuming!
that! depth! of! alluvium! remained! relatively! constant! along! the! strike! lines! across! the! site,! logs!
SK38NW204,!SK38NW96!and!SK38NW97!were!used!to!estimate!depths!of!alluvium!to!be!12m,!6m!
and!4m!respectively.!
!
The!position!of!each!structure!was!then!marked!on!the!relevant!ground!sections!and!a!preliminary!
model!of!predicted!geological!conditions!beneath!each!structure!drawn.!
!
13.2.2 Geological!conditions!from!borehole!correlation!
!
The!boreholes!shown!below!were!used!to!create!a!ground!model!for!geological!conditions!beneath!
Penistone!Road.!
Figure!13E1:!location!of!boreholes!used!for!ground!model!
26!
Figure!13E2:!ground!model!beneath!Penistone!Road!
27!
13.2.3 Section!AEA!
!
13.2.4 Section!BEB!
28!
13.2.5 Section!YEY!
!
13.2.6 Section!ZEZ!
!
29!
13.3 Site!investigation!
!
It!is!essential!that!the!ground!conditions!at!the!Neepsend!site!can!be!reliably!estimated!to!enable!a!
detailed! design! for! the! foundations! of! the! three! proposed! structures! to! commence.! ! From! the!
history!of!use!of!the!site!it!is!also!known!that!the!ground!is!likely!to!be!highly!contaminated:!as!this!
could! issues! with! development,! a! site! investigation! is! necessary! in! order! to! propose! a! scheme! of!
remediation!works!to!take!place.!
!
A! series! of! 14! boreholes! and! 5! trial! pits! are! to! be! tested! around! the! site:! please! refer! to! the!
attached! drawing! for! their! exact! positions! and! to! the! attached! costing! schedule! for! a! detailed!
breakdown! of! specific! tests! ordered! and! their! respective! locations! and! costs.! ! ! To! ensure! the!
overlap! of! strata! between! the! boreholes! so! as! not! to! be! uncertain! of! the! ground! conditions!
beneath! each! proposed! structure! a! maximum! length! between! boreholes! has! been! defined! as!
follows:!
!
L!=!D/!tan!!!
!
Estimating!the!dip!of!the!site!to!be!=20!degrees!(from!geological!maps!of!the!area)!and!the!depth!
of!each!borehole,!D=60m,!the!maximum!spacing!of!these!boreholes!is:!
!
L!=!164m!
!
The! proposed! boreholes! beneath! each! structure! have! a! spacing! of! 15C30m:! not! only! does! this!
safeguard! against! uncertain! ground! conditions,! it! should! also! help! to! build! up! a! more! detailed!
model!of!what!lies!beneath!each!proposed!structure.!
!
The! total! cost! of! the! proposed! investigations! is! 70155! (within! the! budget! of! 75000).! ! However!
due!to!the!variable!nature!of!the!ground!is!foreseen!that!the!remainder!of!the!budget!may!later!be!
used! for! additional! ground! testing! in! the! event! of! any! unexpected! conditions! being! found! as! a!
result!of!the!site!investigation.!
!
!
13.3.1 MultiEstorey!office/residential!apartment!block!
!
The! multiCstorey! office/residential! apartment! block! can! be! located! to! the! Northwest! of! the! site.!
Due! to! the! nature! of! the! structure! (12! storeys! at! maximum)! the! foundations! will! be! required! to!
resist!a!high!level!of!loading.!!In!order!to!transfer!these!loads!to!bedrock!that!can!be!safely!loaded!
to!a!high!magnitude,!piled!foundations!have!been!proposed.!
!
This! results! in! the! properties! of! the! underlying! bedrock! to! be! of! extremely! high! importance! and!
compressive! testing! is! necessary! to! determine! the! suitability! of! this! bedrock! to! supporting! the!
structure!safely.!!!Insitu!CBRtests!on!this!bedrock!are!also!advised!to!determine!if!these!piles!can!be!
bored!or!whether!they!will!need!to!be!rotary!drilled.!
!
According! to! the! produced! preliminary! ground! model! there! are! few,! if! any! superficial! deposits! in!
this! area! and! the! proposed! development! is! likely! situated! directly! on! top! of! bedrock,! which! is!
assumed! to! continue! at! depth.! ! Therefore! an! assessment! of! the! nature! and! strength! of! the! soils!
underlying!this!area!has!not!been!considered!necessary,!as!only!the!shear!resistance!properties!of!
!
30!
the!bedrock!will!influence!the!adhesion!between!the!ground!and!the!skin!of!the!pile.!!!The!bedrock!
properties! in! this! area! will! also! play! a! key! role! in! evaluating! the! mechanism! used! to! retain! the!
ground!surrounding!the!excavated!basement!of!the!property.!
!
4!boreholes!are!advised!for!the!area!underlying!this!development!so!as!to!ensure!the!development!
of! a! comprehensive! geological! model! so! as! ground! conditions! can! be! accurately! estimated.!!
Because! of! the! assumed! ground! conditions! in! this! area! to! be! loxley! edge! rock! and! lower! coal!
measures,!a!rotary!bore!drilling!method!has!been!specified.!
!
In! one! of! the! boreholes,! a! groundwater! monitoring! device! is! to! be! set! up! and! monitored! on! 3!
occasions!so!that!the!position!of!the!water!table!at!this!point!on!the!site!can!be!determined!as!if!
the!water!table!is!high,!this!may!affect!both!the!excavation!of!the!basement!and!the!performance!
of!the!piled!foundations.!
!
Tests!for!contaminated!land!are!particularly!relevant!beneath!this!development!as!a!requirement!of!
the! design! is! that! the! structure! contains! a! 2! storey! basement! which! will! need! excavation:!
contamination! in! this! area! could! greatly! hinder! construction! works! so! adequate! remediation! is!
perhaps! most! important! in! this! area.! ! Contamination! tests! have! been! ordered! under! BH12.! ! If!
contamination!is!found!here,!remediation!of!the!whole!area!will!ensue.!
!
!
13.3.2 Waitburys!
!
The! chosen! site! layout! places! the! supermarket! Waitburys! in! the! centre! of! the! site.! ! As! a! raft!
foundation!for!this!area!is!currently!proposed,!a!detailed!assessment!of!the!nature!and!strength!of!
the! alluvium! underlying! this! area! is! necessary! in! order! to! assess! the! feasibility! of! this! design.!!
Settlement!characteristics!of!the!soil!such!as!drained!and!undrained!shear!strength!should!provide!
the!data!necessary!to!complete!a!rigorous!check!against!the!proposed!foundation!type.!
!
In!addition!to!the!soils!underlying!this!area,!compressive!tests!on!the!underlying!bedrock!have!also!
been!proposed!to!check!that!it!can!support!the!additional!load!that!this!foundation!arrangement!
would!impose.!!
!
The! assumed! ground! conditions! in! this! area! are! several! metres! of! alluvium! overlaying! coal!
measures,!therefore!the!borehole!is!likely!to!be!drilled!in!two!stages,!with!cable!percussion!drilling!
to!the!depth!of!the!alluvium!and!rotary!bore!drilling!into!the!coal!measures.!
!
The!contamination!conditions!present!will!be!an!issue!when!construction!the!foundations!for!the!
supermarket:! particularly! as! a! cut! and! fill! is! likely! to! be! required! for! a! horizontal! level! to! be!
achieved.! ! Therefore! a! full! set! of! tests! for! likely! contaminants! has! been! ordered! at! 2! locations!
beneath!this!footprint!so!the!correct!level!of!ground!remediation!can!take!place.!
!
The! position! of! the! 9! boreholes! covering! this! area! enables! a! cross! section! of! the! ground! to! be!
produced! lengthways! ! (North! to! South)! along! the! structure! and! two! further! geological! cross!
sections!to!be!produced!perpendicular!to!this!(East!to!West)!
!
In! one! of! the! boreholes,! a! groundwater! monitoring! device! is! to! be! set! up! a! monitored! on! 3!
occasions!so!that!the!position!of!the!water!table!at!this!point!on!the!site!can!be!determined:!it!is!
!
31!
likely!that!the!water!table!is!relatively!near!the!surface!considering!the!proximity!of!the!River!Don!
to!the!Southern!boundary!of!the!site.!
!
!
13.3.3 Footbridge!
!
As!the!foundation!of!the!footbridge!is!located!in!very!close!proximity!to!the!supermarket!property,!
only!one!additional!borehole!is!advised!beneath!this!foundation!as!the!ground!conditions!are!likely!
continuous!through!the!two!developments.!!The!assumed!ground!conditions!in!this!area!are!several!
metres!of!alluvium!overlaying!to!coal!measures,!therefore!the!borehole!is!likely!to!be!drilled!in!two!
stages,!with!cable!percussion!drilling!to!the!depth!of!the!alluvium!and!rotary!bore!drilling!into!the!
coal!measures.!
!
Assessment! of! the! contamination! in! this! area! has! also! been! advised! so! that! appropriate!
remediation!can!take!place!so!that!no!disruption!to!the!construction!phase!is!necessary.!
!
Both!the!soil!and!bedrock!conditions!will!be!tested!at!this!site!enabling!a!detailed!assessment!of!the!
bearing!capacity!of!the!ground!to!take!place.!
13.3.4 Trial!Pits!
!
5!trial!pits!have!been!proposed!at!different!locations!across!the!site.!!TP1!is!positioned!under!the!
main!access!road!into!the!site!to!ensure!that!the!ground!is!in!sufficient!condition!to!resist!imposed!
vehicle!loading!and!to!assess!the!need!for!remediation!of!any!land!contamination.!
!
Similarly! TP3! has! been! specified! under! the! carparking! area! for! the! supermarket! to! ensure! the!
ground!can!resist!impsed!vehicular!loading.!!A!infiltration!test!has!been!specified!on!this!trial!pit!to!
assess!whether!porous!paving!could!be!considered!in!the!detailed!design!of!the!development.!
!
Trial!pits!2,!4!and!5!have!been!positioned!in!areas!that!may!later!be!developed!as!green!space!or!
allotment!space!for!residents!and!therefore!contamination!tests!are!necessary!in!this!area!to!assess!
!
13.3.5 Tests!for!chemicals!and!contaminants!
!
As! discussed! previously! in! the! assessment! of! the! contamination! likely! to! be! found! on! site,! the!
contaminants! that! expected! include! hydrocarbons! (petroleum,! aromatic! and! polycyclic! aromatic)!
therefore!in!all!locations!to!be!tested!for!contamination!these!tests!have!been!ordered.!!Due!to!the!
nature!of!the!gas!works,!heavy!metals!are!also!likely!to!be!found!on!site!and!as!these!have!strict!soil!
guideline!values!that!the!final!development!must!adhere!to,!tests!for!metals!will!also!be!specified.!
!
Asbestos! testing! has! been! specified! as! the! land! has! previously! been! used! for! landfill! and! in! one!
instance,!cement!bonded!asbestos!waste!was!authorized!to!be!disposed!of!on!this!site.!
!
Tests!for!pH!have!been!specified!at!locations!underlying!proposed!development!as!acidity!in!the!soil!
or!bedrock!may!interfere!with!concrete!foundations.!
!
The!leachate!of!the!soil!will!be!tested!as!the!envirocheck!report!relevant!to!the!site!specifies!that!
the!soil!on!site!has!high!leaching!potential!and!potential!contamination!to!groundwater!and!the!
!
32!
nearby!river!is!of!high!risk.!!Similarly!tests!on!water!where!groundwater!monitoring!equipment!has!
been!installed!have!been!specified!due!to!the!risk!of!contamination!to!protected!waters.!
!
Electricial! conducitivity! tests! will! assess! the! salinity! of! the! soil! and! groundwater! which! may! be!
hazardous!to!potential!foundations.!
!
Sulphate,!carbonate!and!chloride!tests!have!been!specified!to!areas!under!proposed!events!where!
foundations!are!present!which!may!be!vulnerable!to!attack.!
!
33!
13.3.6 Layout!of!site!investigation!proposal!
!
!
Proposed Layout of Site Investigation
!BH00$
Borehole
TP00$
Trial Pit
TP5$
!BH12$
!BH14$
!BH11$ !BH13$
TP1$
!BH1$
!BH7$
!BH8$
!BH2$
TP2$
TP3$
!BH3$
!BH4$
!BH9$
TP4$
!BH10$
!BH5$
!BH6$
13.3.7 Site!investigation!costing!
!
Please!see!attached!spreadsheet!
!
!
34!
BH1
Drilling:Cable:Percussion:Borehole:in:MG:/:Superficial:(incl.:geological:logs:and:
insitu:testing:such:as:SPTs):J:1:day/hole
Soil:Sampling:(geotechnical):100
Soil:Sampling:(contamination):250*
Installing:for:groundwater:monitoring:(pipe,:bentonite:etc):200
Cost:to:GW:monitor:borehole:(incl.:provision:of:engineer,:equip,:lab:testing:etc)
Soil:density:(sand:replacement):50/test
Soil:density:(nuclear:test:gauge):25/test
Drilling:Rotary:Borehole:into:Coal:Measures:(incl.:geological:logs):J:2:days/hole
Soil:Sampling:(geotechnical):U100:400
Soil:Sampling:(contamination):250*
Installing:for:groundwater:monitoring:(pipe,:bentonite:etc):400
Cost:to:GW:monitor:(per:well/per:visit):100#
Geophysical:log:(calliper:and:density):up:to:25m:75/hole
Trial:pit:(5:pits/day):300/day
Soil:Sampling:(geotechnical):J:disturbed:30:per:sample
Soil:Sampling:(geotechnical):J:undisturbed:60:per:sample
Soil:Sampling:(contamination:):150:per:pit*
Laboratory(Testing((Rock(Cores
Density:and:porosity:25
Particle:density:25
Moisture:content:5
Uniaxial:Compressive:Strength:test:40/test
Point:Load:test:5/test
Tensile:strength:(Brazilian):test:35/test
Youngs:Modulus:and:Poissons:Ratio:100
Slake:durability:(2:cycles):60
Laboratory(Testing(4(Soils
Proctor:Compaction:test::Standard:version:75/test
Proctor:Compaction:test::Modified/Heavy:version:85/test
Quick:Undrained:Triaxial:test::38mm:20/test
Consolidated:Undrained:Triaxial:test::38mm:(set:of:3):120/set
Consolidated:Drained:Triaxial:test::38mm:(set:of:3):160/set
Consolidated:Drained:Triaxial:test::100mm:(set:of:3):180/set
Consolidation:test::Oedometer:method:(compression:only):75/test
Consolidation:test::Oedometer:method:(compression:and:swelling):95/test
Consolidation:test::Rowe:Cell:method:(150mm:sample):140/test
Direct:Shear:(60mm)::granular:materials:(3:stress:values):40
Direct:Shear:(60mm)::cohesive:materials:(3:stress:values):120
Moisture:Content:5/test
Atterberg:Limits:test:20/test
Moisture:Content:tests:2.50/test
Grading:test:/:Particle:Size:Analysis::Sieve:method:(dry:and/or:wet):50/test
Grading:test:/:Particle:Size:Analysis:(cohesive:materials):=J:Sedimentation:
method:75/test
Grading:test:/:Particle:Size:Analysis:(cohesive:materials):=J:Laser:Particle:Size:
Test:35/test
Chemical(Tests
Sulphate:Test:15/test
Carbonate:Test:12/test
Chloride:Test:10/test
Miscellaneous(Testing
Infiltration:(soakaway):test:500/test
Insitu:CBR:test:50/test
Site:Supervision:1:person:per:day.:1:person:per:activity:500/day
Reporting
H&S:Plan:200:total
Factual:Report:500:total
Soil(Sampling((Contamination)(&(Groundwater(Monitoring(Costs
Indicative(Analytical(Suite
Total::Petroleum:Hydrocarbons
Volatile:Organic:compounds
Polycyclic:Aromatic:Hydrocarbons
Metals
pH
Total:Organic:Carbon
Fraction:of:Organic:Carbon
Major:Ions
Asbestos
Electrical:Conductivity
Indicative(Analytical(Suite
Metals
pH
Fraction:of:Orrganic:Carbon
Major:Ions
Asbestos
Indicative:Analytical:Suite
Metals
pH
Fraction:of:Organic:Carbon
Major:Ions
Asbestos
BH2
BH3
BH5
BH6
BH7
BH8
BH9
BH10 BH11 BH12 BH13 BH14 TP1
1000.00
100.00
250.00
200.00
200.00
50.00
25.00
2000.00
400.00
250.00
400.00
100.00
75.00
60.00
30.00
60.00
150.00
1
1
1
1
25.00
25.00
5.00
40.00
5.00
35.00
100.00
60.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TP2
TP3
TP4
TP5
Total
Cost
10
0
0
1
3
0
0
14
7
0
2
6
0
5
5
0
0
0
7
0
7
7
7
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
6
6
0
0
5
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
10000
0
0
200
600
0
0
28000
2800
0
800
600
0
300
150
0
0
0
175
0
35
280
35
35
0
60
0
0
0
0
720
960
0
0
475
0
240
0
30
0
15
0
75.00
35.00
0
0
3
2
3
0
1
2
39
0
1
1
0
0
0
45
24
30
0
500
100
19500
0
200
500
0
9
9
9
9
6
9
9
9
9
405
225
180
135
9
45
45
180
135
75.00
85.00
20.00
120.00
160.00
180.00
75.00
95.00
140.00
40.00
120.00
5.00
20.00
2.50
50.00
BH4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15.00
12.00
10.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
500.00
50.00
500.00
200.00
500.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Soil
45.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
1.50
5.00
5.00
20.00
15.00
N/A
Leachate
45.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
1.50
N/A
N/A
20.00
N/A
N/A
Water
45.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
1.50
N/A
N/A
20.00
N/A
2.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
6
405
225
180
135
9
180
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
90
50
40
30
3
40
1
70155 TOTAL:COST
13.4 Drawings!and!Layout!of!Supermarket!
!
Please!see!attached!drawings!
13.5 Hand!Calculations!Supermarket!
!
Please!see!attached!document!for!detailed!sizing!of!members.!
13.6 Drawings!and!Layout!of!MultiEstorey!
!
Please!see!attached!drawings!
13.7 Hand!Calculations!MultiEstorey!
!
Please!see!attached!document!for!detailed!sizing!of!members.!
13.8 Hand!calculations!bridge!
!
Please!see!attached!pages!showing!hand!calculations!for!member!sizing!in!the!bridge!design.!
35!
Bison Manufacturing / 01283 817500
Hollowcore Floors
Load/Span Table
Largely because of fast on-site construction, Bison Hollowcore Floors are one of the most economic flooring solutions
for the widest variety of situations including masonry, steel and concrete structures for retail, commercial and
industrial buildings.
Spans indicated below allow for characteristic service load (live load)
plus self weight plus 1.5 kN/m2 for finishes
Overall
structural
depth mm
Characteristic service loads kN/m2
Self wt: kN/m

0.75
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
5.0
7.5
10.0
15.0
Effective span in metres

150*
2.4
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.50
7.14
6.70
5.87
5.28
4.49
200
3.0
10.00
10.00
9.86
9.50
9.15
8.55
8.05
7.10
6.42
5.50
250
3.3
12.53
11.75
11.31
10.91
10.55
9.93
9.38
8.31
7.53
6.46
300
4.0
15.00
14.67
14.16
13.71
13.29
12.56
11.94
10.72
9.80
8.51
350
4.4
17.00
16.18
15.65
15.18
14.74
13.97
13.31
11.99
11.00
9.58
400
4.8
18.00
17.26
16.73
16.24
15.80
15.01
14.32
12.95
11.91
10.41
450
5.3
18.00
18.00
18.00
17.56
17.10
16.28
15.57
14.14
13.04
11.43
The table is given as a guide only. When using maximum spans, consideration must be given to the effect of camber
and deflection on partitions or finishes. Further advice is available on request. * 35mm screed required for 2 hour
fire resistance.
For extensive technical details please visit our website: www.bison.co.uk
Floor:
Roof
Column'Span,'x
Section:
10 m
10000 mm
75 m2
Back1of1House
Column'Span,'y
7.5 m
7500 mm
20
1500 m2
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Permanent1Loads
Aluminium
0.075 KN/m2
Using'Aluminium'Roofing,'7.5Kg/m2
Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Cladding
0 KN/m
Imposed1Loads
Roof
Partitions
0.6 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
0.6 KN/m2
0.9 KN/m2
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
1.58 KN/m2
2.13 KN/m2
Total
3.03 KN/m2
Edge1Beam
W
11.3 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Internal1Beam
141.9 KNm
305x122x33
0.33
171
6500
65000000
56.74
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
X
22.7 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
283.7 KNm
305x165x54
0.54
300
11700
117000000
113.48
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
21.99 mm
50.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
12.21 mm
50.00 mm
Permanent'Deflection
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
57.71 mm
2.20 mm
59.91 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
32.06 mm
1.22 mm
33.28 mm
Vibration
2.33 Hz
Vibration
3.12 Hz
Cladding1Beam
Y
0.0 KN/m
Tie1Beam
Med
0.0
Supports'tension'force'of'75KN
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
37.50 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Z
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
37.50 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
First
Column'Span,'x
Section:
10 m
10000 mm
75 m2
Column'Span,'y
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Permanent0Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Bison'Hollowcore,'150mm'Deep
Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Imposed0Loads
B2
Partitions
Total0Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.9 KN/m2
5.27 KN/m2
W
52.93 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
7.5 m
7500 mm
20
1500 m2
2.5 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
3.5 KN/m2
5.25 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
10.52 KN/m2
Total
Edge0Beam
Back0of0House
Internal0Beam
661.6 KNm
533x312x150
1.5 KN/m
838 KNm
101000 cm4
1010000000 mm4
198.5 KN
8.25 mm
50 mm
15.49 mm
0.83 mm
16.31 mm
4.46 Hz
X
78.86 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
985.8 KNm
533x312x219
2.19 KN/m
1740 KNm
123000 cm4
1230000000 mm4
295.7 KN
6.78 mm
50 mm
15.10 mm
0.68 mm
15.78 mm
4.53 Hz
Cladding0Beam
Y
13.5 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Tie0Beam
94.9 KNm
305x127x37
0.37
191
7170
71700000
50.6
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Z
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.00 mm
37.50 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
28.03 mm
0.00 mm
28.03 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
3.40 Hz
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
37.50 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
Ground
Column'Span,'x
Section:
10 m
10000 mm
75 m2
Back2of2House
Column'Span,'y
7.5 m
7500 mm
20
1500 m2
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Permanent2Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Bison'Hollowcore,'150mm'Deep
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Imposed2Loads
E19
Partitions
15 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
16 KN/m2
24 KN/m2
Total2Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
Total
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
28.59 KN/m2
Corner2=219
Cladding
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
Length'of'claddin
Total'Load
Internal2=217
Column:
X
Z
Beam'per'm2
Area
Roof
5
3.75
0.118
75
Column:
X
Z
Beam'per'm2
Area
m
m
KN/m2
m2
First
5
3.75
0.338
75
m
m
KN/m2
m2
Self'Weight No.'of'Beams
0.54
2
0.46
2
Factored
Total
5.40 KN
3.45 KN
0.159 KN/m2
Self'Weight No.'of'Beams
2.19
2
0.46
2
Factored
Total
21.90 KN
3.45 KN
0.456 KN/m2
Floor
Roof
First
2
Load'(KN/m )
3.2
11.0
2
With'reduction'(KN/m )
3.2
8.4
Total'Force'(KN)
239.2
631.5
Total'at'base
Edge2=218
870.7 KN
Half'of'Internal'Column'load'+'Cladding
Cladding
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
10 KN/m
13.5 KN/m
Length'of'cladding
7.5 m
Cladding'Load
101.25
Total'Load
536.6 KN
Corner2=219
Quarter'of'Internal'column'load'+'Cladding
Cladding
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
10 KN/m
13.5 KN/m
Length'of'cladding
7.5 m
Total'Load
318.9 KN
Cladding'Load
101.25 KN
Floor:
Roof
Column'Span,'y
Section:
25
25000
500
10
5000
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
m
mm
m2
m2
Permanent1Loads
Aluminium
0.075 KN/m2
Using'Aluminium'Roofing,'7.5Kg/m2
Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Cladding
0 KN/m
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
1.575 KN/m2
2.13 KN/m2
Internal1Secondary A
7.6 KN/m
Med
Edge1Secondary
Med
Section
Self'Weight
A0
S
H
Column'Span,'x
20
20000
2.5
2500
5
5000
Secondary'Beam'
Span
Canopy'Span
m
mm
m
mm
m
mm
Imposed1Loads
Roof
Partitions
0.6 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
0.6 KN/m2
0.9 KN/m2
3.03 KN/m2
Total
Section
Self'Weight
A0
S
H
Retail
Internal1Primary
378.3 KNm
HEA400
1
410
510
581
KN/m
mm
mm
mm
C
3.8 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
A0
S
H
Edge1Primary
295.5 KNm
HEA400
1
370
610
560
KN/m
mm
mm
mm
Med
Section
Self'Weight
A0
S
H
B
214.1
1499.0
74.95
4282.8
KN/beam
KN
KN/m
KNm
HEM650
1
700
880
998
KN/m
mm
mm
mm
D
107.1 KN/beam
749.5 KN
37.5 KN/m
2141.4 KNm
HEA550
1
565
845
776
KN/m
mm
mm
mm
Canopy1Internal
E
7.6 KN/m
Med
23.6 KNm
Canopy1Edge1
Primary
F
7.7
53.9
2.69
153.9
Med
KN/beam
KN
KN/m
KNm
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
127x76x13
0.13 KN/m
29.8 KNm
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
305x102x33
0.33 KN/m
171 KNm
Canopy1Edge
Canopy1Internal
3.8 KN/m
Med
11.8 KNm
126.3
884.2
44.2
2526.2
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
127x76x13
0.13 KN/m
29.8 KNm
Section
Self'Weight
A0
S
H
HEA550
Canopy1Internal
Canopy1Internal
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
126.3 KN
157.9 KNm
1
565
845
776
KN/beam
KN
KN/m
KNm
KN/m
mm
mm
mm
214.1 KN/m
267.7 KNm
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
356x171x51
0.51 KN/m
275 KNm
Canopy1Edge
Med
254x146x37
0.37 KN/m
171 KNm
KNm
M
107.1 KN
133.8 KNm
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
254x146x31
0.31 KN/m
140 KNm
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
Canopy1Edge
Med
19.2 KN/beam
24.0 KNm
127x76x13
0.13 KN/m
29.8 KNm
Performance table for roofs and metal decks

Abac 1: Steel section - starting section, IPE. S = 1.25 aO - Grade S355
200
qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu
180
160
Ultimate load qu (kN/m)
140
120
100
80
A = IPE 200 (a0=210, S=260, H=294)

B = IPE 240 (a0=250, S=310, H=353)
C = IPE 300 (a0=315, S=390, H=445)
D = IPE 330 (a0=345, S=430, H=489)
E = IPE 360 (a0=380, S=480, H=535)
F = IPE 400 (a0=420, S=530, H=594)
G = IPE 450 (a0=475, S=590, H=672)
H = IPE 500 (a0=525, S=660, H=745)
I = IPE 550 (a0=580, S=730, H=822)
J = IPE 600 (a0=630, S=790, H=896)
K = IPE 750X147 (a0=790, S=990, H=1127)
60
I
H
40
E
D
20
A
0
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Span (m)
Abac 2: Steel section - starting section, HEA. S = 1.25 aO - Grade S355

200
qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu
180
160
140
A = HEA 200 (a0=180, S=230, H=268)

B = HEA 220 (a0=220, S=280, H=307)
C = HEA 240 (a0=240, S=300, H=338)
D = HEA 280 (a0=285, S=360, H=399)
E = HEA 320 (a0=325, S=410, H=459)
F = HEA 360 (a0=370, S=460, H=521)
G = HEA 400 (a0=410, S=510, H=581)
H = HEA 450 (a0=460, S=580, H=654)
I = HEA 500 (a0=515, S=640, H=732)
J = HEA 550 (a0=565, S=710, H=805)
K = HEA 600 (a0=620, S=780, H=881)
L = HEA 650 (a0=670, S=840, H=956)
M = HEA 700 (a0=725, S=910, H=1032)
N = HEA 800 (a0=830, S=1040, H=1183)
O = HEA900 (a0=935, S=1170, H=1334)
120
100
O
80
N
M
L
60
J
H
40
E
C
A
F
20
0
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Span (m)
Abac 3: Steel section - starting section, HEM. S = 1.25 aO - Grade S355

200
qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu
180
160
140
A = HEM 200 (a0=190, S=240, H=303)

B = HEM 220 (a0=220, S=280, H=337)
C = HEM 240 (a0=250, S=310, H=383)
D = HEM 280 (a0=320, S=400, H=457)
E = HEM 300 (a0=340, S=430, H=496)
F = HEM 320 (a0=375, S=470, H=532)
G = HEM 360 (a0=415, S=520, H=587)
H = HEM 400 (a0=455, S=570, H=644)
I = HEM 450 (a0=500, S=630, H=711)
J = HEM 550 (a0=600, S=750, H=854)
K = HEM 600 (a0=650, S=810, H=927)
L = HEM 650 (a0=700, S=880, H=998)
M = HEA 700 (a0=750, S=940, H=1070)
N = HEA 800 (a0=855, S=1070, H=1219)
O = HEA 900 (a0=955, S=1190, H=1365)
120
100
N
L
80
J
I
60
D
40
C
B
20
0
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Span (m)
Abac 4: Steel section - starting section, IPE. S = 1.5 aO - Grade S355

qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu
200
180
160
140
120
A = IPE 220 (a0=225, S=335, H=309)

B = IPE 240 (a0=250, S=370, H=340)
C = IPE 270 (a0=285, S=425, H=385)
D = IPE 300 (a0=315, S=470, H=428)
E = IPE 330 (a0=345, S=515, H=469)
F = IPE 360 (a0=380, S=570, H=515)
G = IPE 400 (a0=420, S=630, H=573)
H = IPE 450 (a0=475, S=710, H=647)
I = IPE 500 (a0=525, S=785, H=719)
J = IPE 550 (a0=580, S=865, H=793)
K = IPE 600 (a0=630, S=940, H=865)
L = IPE 750X147 (a0=790, S=1170, H=1090)
100
80
K
60
I
G
40
D
C
A
E
20
0
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Span (m)
31
Column:
A
B
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
B
0.440 KN/m2
500 m2
2
25 m
20 m
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
B
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
5
A
C
E
G
H
Beam,per,m2
Area
Load
0.594 KN/m2
1810 KN
Factored
Load
1.188 KN/m2
1054 KN
Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

25 m
1
8 200.00 KN
20 m
1
1 20.00 KN
1.760 KN/m2
125 m2
4
Factored

1
8 200.00 KN
1
1 20.00 KN
0.880 KN/m2
250 m2
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
B

25 m
1
8 200.00 KN
20 m
1
1 20.00 KN
Factored
Load
2.376 KN/m2
675 KN

25 m
1
8 200.00 KN
20 m
1
1 20.00 KN
0.880 KN/m2
250 m2
12.5
12.5
2.5
2.5
10
0.383
150
Factored
Load
1.188 KN/m2
1054 KN

m
1
3.5 43.75
m
1
1 12.50
m
0.13
3.5
1.14
m
0.13
1
0.33
m
1
1 10.00
2
KN/m
Factored
0.516
2
m
Load
531 KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN/m2
Column:
E
F
G
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
E
H
0.191 KN/m2
25 m2
7
12.5 m
2.5 m
20 m
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
E
F
Beam,per,m2
Area

2.5 m
0.13
3.5
1.14 KN
10 m
0.33
1
3.30 KN
2.5 m
0.13
1
0.33 KN
Load
0.257 KN/m2
82 KN

1
8 100.00 KN
0.13
8
2.60 KN
1
1 20.00 KN
0.409 KN/m2
300 m2
8
Factored
Factored
Load
0.552 KN/m2
1073 KN

2.5 m
0.13
8
2.60 KN
10 m
0.33
1
3.30 KN
0.118 KN/m2
50 m2
Factored
Load
0.159 KN/m2
159 KN
Column:
E
F
N
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
E
K
H
0.247 KN/m2
21.25 m2
10
12.5
2.5
2.5
10
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
B
L
11
12
Beam,per,m2
Area
71 KN
0.540 KN/m2
Factored
Load
669 KN
Self,Weight No.,of,BeamsTotal
25 m
1
5
125.00 KN
10 m
1
1
10.00 KN
2.5 m
0.51
1
1.28 KN
Factored
Load
1130 KN
0.589 KN/m2
12.5 m
1
5.5
68.75 KN
10 m
1
1
10.00 KN
2.5 m
0.31
1
0.78 KN
0.509 KN/m2
156.25 m2
13
0.334 KN/m2
Factored
Load
1.63 KN
3.30 KN
0.33 KN
1
5
62.50 KN
0.13
5
1.63 KN
0.37
1
0.93 KN
1
1
10.00 KN
0.436 KN/m2
312.5 m2
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
C
M
m
m
m
m
0.400 KN/m2
187.5 m2
Beam,per,m2
Area
Column:
A
D
M
2.5 m
0.13
5
10 m
0.33
1
2.5 m
0.13
1
0.687 KN/m2
Factored
Load
580 KN
12.5 m
1
0.5
6.25 KN
12.5 m
1
1
12.50 KN
2.5 m
0.31
1
0.78 KN
0.00
0.625 KN/m2
31.25 m2
0.843 KN/m2
Factored
Load
121 KN
Column:
A
C
L
14
25 m
1
0.5
12.50 KN
25 m
1
1
25.00 KN
2.5 m
0.51
1
1.28 KN
0.00
Beam,per,m2
Area
0.620 KN/m2
62.5 m2
Column:
15
A
C
E
G
K
Beam,per,m2
Area
12.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
0.238
37.5
Column:
E
G
N
Beam,per,m2
Area
Beam
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K
L
M
N
16
0.838 KN/m2
Factored
Load
241 KN
m
1
0.5
6.25
m
1
1
2.50
m
0.13
0.5
0.16
m
0.13
1
0.33
m
0.37
1
0.93
2
KN/m
Factored
0.321
2
m
Load
126 KN
2.5 m
0.13
0.5
2.5 m
0.13
1
2.5 m
0.13
1
0.130 KN/m2
6.25 m2
Self,Weight
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.13
0.33
0.13
1.00
0.37
0.51
0.31
0.13
Force,per,m2
0.16 KN
0.33 KN
0.33 KN
0.176 KN/m2
Factored
Load
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN/m2
20 KN
3.03 KN/m2
Buckling)Length)9m
Force)per)m2
3.03 KN/m2
Area,)m Force,)KN Height,)mm

2
Column
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ned
1810
1054
675
1054
531
82
1073
159
71
669
1130
580
121
241
126
20
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
Type
Internal
Edge
Corner
Edge
Edge
Corner
Internal
Edge
Edge
Internal
Internal
Edge
Corner
Edge
Edge
Corner
Section
254x254x167
305x305x118
203x203x127
305x305x118
203x203x100
152x152x37
254x254x107
152x152x51
152x152x37
203x203x100
305x305x97
203x203x100
152x152x51
203x203x52
152x152x51
152x152x23
Nb,z,rd
1880
1640
998
1640
755
155
1140
224
155
755
1330
755
224
369
224
88.3
500
250
125
250
150
25
300
50
21.25
187.5
312.5
156.25
31.25
62.5
37.5
6.25
1513.1
756.6
378.3
756.6
453.9
75.7
907.9
151.3
64.3
567.4
945.7
472.9
94.6
189.1
113.5
18.9
314.5
241.4
314.5
228.6
161.8
170.2
161.8
228.6
170.2
206.2
170.2
152.4
Web)
Eccentricity,)
Eccentricity,) My,ed),) Mz,ed),) Mc,y,rd),) Mc,z,rd)),) Unity)
Thickness,)
mm
mm
KNm KNm KNm KNm Check
mm
0.96
257.25
97.31
464
0.85
220.7
14.5
107.25
41.74 20.29 403
243
0.91
257.25
97.31
464
0.85
214.3
48.64
282
0.88
180.9
8
104
6.84 3.93
51
49.5
0.78
0.94
185.1
14.00
87.8
0.87
180.9
5.82
51
0.57
0.89
0.85
214.3
50.67
282
0.95
185.1
11
105.5
8.75 4.99 87.8
70.6
0.75
203.1
19.21
104
0.84
185.1
10.50
87.8
0.68
176.2
5.8
102.9
1.67 0.97 20.9
18.7
0.38
Cladding
10 KN/m
Final)
Supporting) Length,) Point)Load,) Factored,) Column)
Cladding
m
KN
KN
Load,)KN
2
20
200
270
1324
3
22.5
225
303.75
979
4
25
250
337.5
1391
5
22.5
225
303.75
835
7
20
200
270
1343
10
22.5
225
303.75
972
11
25
250
337.5
1467
12
22.5
225
303.75
884
Final8Column8Loads
1
1810 KN
2
1324 KN
3
979 KN
4
1391 KN
5
835 KN
6
82 KN
7
1343 KN
8
159 KN
9
71 KN
10
972 KN
11
1467 KN
12
884 KN
13
121 KN
14
241 KN
15
126 KN
16
20 KN
Notional(Horizontal(Loads
Phi
0.00243902 1/410
Floor0Load
10.52 KN/m2
Roof0Load
3.03 KN/m2
Plan0Area
1500 m2
NHLfloor
NHLroof
Wind
Fw
Longest0face
Height
Roof0Fw
Floor0Fw
Total
Roof
Floor
19.24 KN
5.54 KN
2
1 KN/m
50 m
9m
112.5 KN
225.0 KN
Factored0(1.5x)
168.8 KN
337.5 KN
174.29 KN
356.74 KN
A
Moment0about0B
3178 KNm
VA
VB
RH
454 KN
O454 KN
531 KN
Max0axial0load
638 KN
3
5
B
Apartment0Bracing0Angle
33.4 degrees
Length0of0bracing0member
9.00 m
Use02190x080CHS
NB,rd
644 KN
Buckling0length0=09m
Above&Ground
A
B
Below&Ground
Floor:
Roof
Section:
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Permanent2Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Using'Bison'Hollowcore,'150mm'Deep
Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Cladding
0 KN/m
Total2Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.9 KN/m2
5.27 KN/m2
Total
6.17 KN/m2
Edge2Beam
A
21.6 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
305x102x33
0.33
171
6500
65000000
75.52
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Cladding2Beam
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
4.93 mm
35.00 mm
C
0.0 KN/m
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
7m
7000 mm
16
784 m2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Imposed2Loads
Roof
Partitions
0.6 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
0.6 KN/m2
0.9 KN/m2
B
43.2 KN/m
Med
264.3 KNm
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
356x171x51
0.51
318
14100
141000000
151.04
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Tie2Beam
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Column'Span,'y
Internal2Beam
132.2 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
4.54 mm
35.00 mm
D
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
Floor:
Apartments
52Floors
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Column'Span,'x
Section:
Column'Span,'y
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Permanent2Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Imposed2Loads
A1/C3
Partitions
Total2Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
Total
8.34 KN/m2
Edge2Beam
A
42.7 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
356x171x67
0.67
430
19500
195000000
149.42
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
7m
7000 mm
16
784 m2
1.5 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
2.5 KN/m2
3.75 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
Internal2Beam
261.5 KNm
B
58.4 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
357.6 KNm
406x178x67
0.67
478
24300
243000000
204.33
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
6.84 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
10.98 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
17.13 mm
0.68 mm
17.81 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
14.94 mm
1.10 mm
16.03 mm
Vibration
4.27 Hz
Vibration
4.50 Hz
Cladding2Beam
C
13.5 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Tie2Beam
82.7 KNm
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
47.25
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
D
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
65.17 mm
0.00 mm
65.17 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
2.23 Hz
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
Office
50Floors
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
Section:
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Permanent0Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total0Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
Column'Span,'y
7m
7000 mm
16
784 m2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Imposed0Loads
B2
Partitions
3 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
4 KN/m2
6 KN/m2
10.59 KN/m2
Total
Edge0Beam
A
50.6 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Internal0Beam
309.7 KNm
356x171x67
0.67
430
19500
195000000
176.98
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
B
74.1 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
454.0 KNm
406x178x67
0.67
478
24300
243000000
259.46
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
10.95 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
17.57 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
17.13 mm
1.09 mm
18.22 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
14.94 mm
1.76 mm
16.69 mm
Vibration
4.22 Hz
Vibration
4.41 Hz
Cladding0Beam
C
13.5 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Tie0Beam
82.7 KNm
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
47.25
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
D
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
65.17 mm
0.00 mm
65.17 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
2.23 Hz
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
Retail
Section:
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Permanent1Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
Column'Span,'y
7m
7000 mm
16
784 m2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Imposed1Loads
D1/C2
Partitions
4 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
5 KN/m2
7.5 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
12.09 KN/m2
Total
Edge1Beam
A
55.8 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Internal1Beam
341.9 KNm
356x171x67
0.67
430
19500
195000000
195.35
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
B
84.6 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
518.4 KNm
457x152x74
0.74
561
32700
327000000
296.21
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
13.69 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
16.32 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
17.13 mm
1.37 mm
18.50 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
11.10 mm
1.63 mm
12.73 mm
Vibration
4.19 Hz
Vibration
5.04 Hz
Cladding1Beam
C
13.5 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Tie1Beam
82.7 KNm
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
47.25
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
D
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
65.17 mm
0.00 mm
65.17 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
2.23 Hz
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
Fitness
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
Section:
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Permanent1Loads
Steel'Floor
3 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
4 KN/m2
5.40 KN/m2
Column'Span,'y
7m
7000 mm
14
686 m2
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Imposed1Loads
C41
Partitions
5 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
6 KN/m2
9 KN/m2
14.40 KN/m2
Total
Edge1Beam
A
63.9 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Internal1Beam
391.4 KNm
406x178x60
0.6
426
21600
216000000
223.65
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
B
100.8 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
617.4 KNm
457x152x82
0.82
625
36600
366000000
352.80
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
14.83 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
17.50 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
16.94 mm
1.48 mm
18.43 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
11.67 mm
1.75 mm
13.42 mm
Vibration
4.19 Hz
Vibration
4.91 Hz
Cladding1Beam
C
13.5 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Tie1Beam
82.7 KNm
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
47.25
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
D
0.0 KN/m
Med
0.0
Section
203x203x46
Self'Weight
0.46
Mc,y,rd
177
I
4570
I
45700000
Shear
0.00
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
65.17 mm
0.00 mm
65.17 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
Vibration
2.23 Hz
KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0.00 mm
35.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
0.00 mm
Floor:
Swimming,Pool
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
Section'Modulus
205000 N/mm2
Section:
7m
7000 mm
49 m2
Column'Span,'y
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Permanent,Loads
Concrete
7.2 KN/m
Finishes
Cladding
1 KN/m2
10 KN/m
Total,Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
8.2 KN/m2
11.07 KN/m2
Total
20.07 KN/m2
Load'bearing'slab:'Slab'thickness'300mm
Using'ECFE'Handbook'Page'37.
A
7m
7000 mm
14
686 m2
Imposed,Loads
C41
Partitions
5 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
6 KN/m2
9 KN/m2
Floor:
Roof
Column'Span,'x
Section:
7
7000
98
4
392
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
m
mm
m2
Column'Span,'y
m2
Section'Modulus
Permanent2Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Cladding
0 KN/m
Total2Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.9 KN/m2
5.27 KN/m2
Total
6.17 KN/m2
Internal2Beam
E
21.6 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
528.6 KNm
457x191x74
0.74
587
33000
330000000
75.52
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
15.53 mm
70.00 mm
B
14
14000
3.5
3500
205000
Secondary'Beam'Span
m
mm
m
mm
N/mm2
Imposed2Loads
Roof
Partitions
0.6 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
0.6 KN/m2
0.9 KN/m2
Edge2Beam,2x
Cladding
Beam'Point
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
356x171x51
0.51
318
14100
141000000
37.76
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.0 KN/m
158.0 KN
276.6 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
3.63 mm
35.00 mm
Interface,2x
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
457x152x82
0.82
625
36600
366000000
256.00
50.6 KN/m
158.0 KN
586.3 KNm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
7.23 mm
35.00 mm
Interface,2y
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
37.76
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
0 KN/m
10.8 KN/m
66.1 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
6.84 mm
35.00 mm
Edge2Beam,2y
Cladding
Loads
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
203x113x25
0.25
91.6
2340
23400000
37.76
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0.0 KN/m
10.8 KN/m
66.1 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
6.84 mm
35.00 mm
Floor:
Office+1-3
Column'Span,'x
7
7000
98
4
392
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Section:
m
mm
m2
Column'Span,'y
m2
Section'Modulus
Permanent+Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total+Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
14
14000
3.5
3500
205000
Secondary'Beam'Span
m
mm
m
mm
N/mm2
Imposed+Loads
B2
Partitions
3 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
4 KN/m2
6 KN/m2
10.59 KN/m2
Total
Internal+Beam
E
37.1 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
908.1 KNm
533x312x272
2.73
2710
199000
1990000000
129.73
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Edge+Beam,+x
Cladding
Beam'Point
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
406x178x85
0.85
598
31700
317000000
64.86
13.5 KN/m
285.3 KN
581.9 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
17.17 mm
70.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
15.59 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
14.59 mm
1.72 mm
16.31 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
16.07 mm
1.56 mm
17.63 mm
Vibration
4.46 Hz
Vibration
4.29 Hz
Interface,+x
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
457x191x98
0.98
770
45700
457000000
272.35
37.1 KN/m
285.3 KN
726.2 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Edge+Beam,+y
Cladding
Loads
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
305x127x42
0.42
218
8200
82000000
64.86
13.5 KN/m
18.5 KN/m
196.2 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
12.15 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
11.78 mm
1.21 mm
13.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
5.32 mm
1.30 mm
6.62 mm
Vibration
6.99 Hz
Vibration
4.99 Hz
Interface,+y
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
254x146x37
0.37
171
5540
55400000
64.86
0 KN/m
18.5 KN/m
113.5 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
19.27 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
16.38 mm
1.93 mm
18.31 mm
Vibration
4.21 Hz
13.02 mm
35.00 mm
Floor:
Retail
Column'Span,'x
Section:
7
7000
98
4
392
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
m
mm
m2
Column'Span,'y
m2
Section'Modulus
Permanent1Loads
Steel'Floor
2.4 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
3.4 KN/m2
4.59 KN/m2
14
14000
3.5
3500
205000
Secondary'Beam'Span
Imposed1Loads
D1/C2
Partitions
m
mm
m
mm
N/mm2
4 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
5 KN/m2
7.5 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
12.09 KN/m2
Total
Internal1Beam
E
42.3 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
1036.7 KNm
610x305x238
2.38
2580
209000
2090000000
148.10
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Edge1Beam,1x
Cladding
Beam'Point
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
457x191x82
0.82
650
37100
371000000
74.05
13.5 KN/m
318.7 KN
640.4 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
20.43 mm
70.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
15.62 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
13.89 mm
2.04 mm
15.94 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
13.50 mm
1.56 mm
15.06 mm
Vibration
4.51 Hz
Vibration
4.64 Hz
Interface,1x
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
457x191x106
1.06
824
48900
489000000
289.08
37.1 KN/m
318.7 KN
784.7 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Edge1Beam,1y
Cladding
Loads
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
305x127x42
0.42
218
8200
82000000
74.05
13.5 KN/m
21.2 KN/m
212.3 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
14.19 mm
35.00 mm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
10.84 mm
1.42 mm
12.26 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
4.97 mm
1.63 mm
6.60 mm
Vibration
7.01 Hz
Vibration
5.14 Hz
Interface,1y
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
254x146x37
0.37
171
5540
55400000
74.05
0 KN/m
21.2 KN/m
129.6 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
24.09 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
16.38 mm
2.41 mm
18.79 mm
Vibration
4.15 Hz
16.27 mm
35.00 mm
Floor:
Fitness
Column'Span,'x
Section:
7
7000
98
4
392
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
m
mm
m2
Column'Span,'y
m2
Section'Modulus
Permanent1Loads
Steel'Floor
3 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Total1Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
4 KN/m2
5.40 KN/m2
14
14000
3.5
3500
205000
Secondary'Beam'Span
m
mm
m
mm
N/mm2
Imposed1Loads
C41
Partitions
5 KN/m2
1 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
6 KN/m2
9 KN/m2
14.40 KN/m2
Total
Internal1Beam
E
50.4 KN/m
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
1234.8 KNm
914x305x253
2.53
3770
436000
4360000000
176.40
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
11.75 mm
70.00 mm
Edge1Beam,1x
Cladding
Beam'Point
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
533x210x122
1.22 KN/m
1100 KNm
76000 cm4
760000000 mm4
88.20 KN
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
13.5 KN/m
376.7 KN
741.9 KNm
6.74 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
7.83 mm
1.18 mm
9.01 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
7.31 mm
0.67 mm
7.99 mm
Vibration
6.00 Hz
Vibration
6.37 Hz
Interface,1x
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
457x191x161
1.61
1300
79800
798000000
318.08
37.1 KN/m
376.7 KN
886.3 KNm
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
10.43 mm
35.00 mm
Edge1Beam,1y
Cladding
Loads
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
305x127x48
0.48
252
9580
95800000
88.20
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
13.5 KN/m
25.2 KN/m
237.0 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
16.71 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
7.73 mm
1.04 mm
8.77 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
3.25 mm
1.67 mm
4.92 mm
Vibration
6.08 Hz
Vibration
8.11 Hz
Interface,1y
Section'A
Section'B
Med
Section
Self'Weight
Mc,y,rd
I
I
Shear
356x171x51
0.51
318
14100
141000000
88.20
Imposed'Deflection
Deflection'Limit
0 KN/m
25.2 KN/m
154.4 KNm
KN/m
KNm
cm4
mm4
KN
11.36 mm
35.00 mm
Deflection,'0.1Q
Total
7.57 mm
1.14 mm
8.71 mm
Vibration
6.10 Hz
Floor:
Column'Span,'x
Floor'Area
No.'of'bays
Total'floor'area
Swimming,Pool
7
7000
98
4
392
Section:
m
mm
m2
Column'Span,'y
m2
Section'Modulus
Permanent,Loads
Steel'Floor
3 KN/m2
Finishes
1 KN/m2
Cladding
10 KN/m
Water
19.62 KN/m2
Total,Load
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
23.62 KN/m2
31.89 KN/m2
Total
31.89 KN/m2
Secondary'Beam'Span
14
14000
3.5
3500
205000
m
mm
m
mm
N/mm2
Imposed,Loads
C41
Partitions
0 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
1.0Qk
1.5Qk
0 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
Use'400mm'load'bearing'slab'to'support'the'swimming'pool
Total'Load'on'Swimming'Pool'Floor
Section'A
20.07 KN/m2
Section'B
31.89 KN/m2
Average
26.0 KN/m2
Internal()(X
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(D(+(2(x(3.5m(of(B
Area(supported(by(column
49 m2
B((KN/m)
D((KN/m)
Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)
0.51
0.46
6.79
0.14
0.67
0.46
7.91
0.16
0.67
0.46
7.91
0.16
0.74
0.46
8.40
0.17
0.82
0.46
8.96
0.18
Beam
Roof
Apartment
Office
Ground
Fitness
Floor
Roof
Apartment Office
Ground
Fitness
2
Load((KN/m )
6.3
8.5
10.8
12.3
14.6
2
With(reduction((KN/m )
6.3
7.0
8.4
9.3
11.0
Force(per(floor((KN)
309.1
343.1
409.2
453.8
538.2
Total(Force((KN)
309.1
1715.4
2046.1
453.8
538.2
Total(at(base
5062.5 KN
Edge()(Y
Half(of(Internal(Column(load(+(Cladding
Cladding
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
10 KN/m
13.5 KN/m
Length(of(cladding
7m
Cladding(Load
94.5 KN
Total(Load
3570.8 KN
Corner()(Z
Quarter(of(Internal(column(load(+(Cladding
Cladding
1.0Gk
1.35Gk
10 KN/m
13.5 KN/m
Length(of(cladding
7m
Total(Load
2305.1 KN
Cladding(Load
94.5 KN
Column'1
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(E(+(2(x(3.5m(of(F
Area(supported(by(column
49 m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
With(reduction((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
E((KN/m) F((KN/m)
0.74
0.51
2.73
0.85
2.38
0.82
2.53
0.92
Roof
6.3
6.3
311.1
311.1
378
2989.4
Office
11.1
8.7
426.4
1279.1
KN
KN
Total((KN)
8.75
25.06
22.40
24.15
Load((KN/m2)
0.18
0.51
0.46
0.49
Ground
12.5
9.5
467.8
467.8
Fitness
14.9
11.3
553.4
553.4
Column'2
Area
Supports(3.5m(of(F(+(3.5m(of(H
12.25
m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
E((KN/m) F((KN/m)
0.51
0.25
0.85
0.42
0.82
0.42
1.22
0.48
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
Roof
6.4
6.4
78.2
78.2
378
1024.4
Office
11.0
8.6
104.8
314.3
KN
KN
Total((KN)
2.66
4.45
4.34
5.95
Load((KN/m2)
0.22
0.36
0.35
0.49
Ground
12.4
9.4
115.7
115.7
Fitness
14.9
11.3
138.3
138.3
Column'3
Area
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(H
24.5
m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
H((KN/m) Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)

0.25
1.75
0.07
0.42
2.94
0.12
0.42
2.94
0.12
0.48
3.36
0.14
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
Roof
6.2
6.2
152.8
152.8
378
1635.2
Office
10.7
8.3
203.6
610.8
KN
KN
Ground
12.2
9.2
225.6
225.6
Fitness
14.5
10.9
268.0
268.0
Column'4
Area
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(C(+(2(x(3.5m(of(E(+(2x(3.5m(of(F(+(2x(3.5m(of(G
61.25
m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
C((KN/m) E((KN/m)
0.25
0.74
0.25
2.73
0.25
2.38
0.25
2.53
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
Roof
6.3
6.3
385.7
385.7
378
3572.8
Office
10.9
8.5
518.5
1555.4
KN
F((KN/m)
0.51
0.85
0.82
1.22
G((KN/m)
0.82
0.98
1.06
1.61
Ground
12.3
9.3
572.5
572.5
Fitness
14.7
11.1
681.1
681.1
Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)
8.12
0.13
16.84
0.27
15.79
0.26
19.64
0.32
Column'5
Area
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(D(+(2(x(3.5m(of(E(+(2x(3.5m(of(G
73.5 m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
E((KN/m) G((KN/m) D((KN/m)

0.74
0.82
0.46
2.73
0.98
0.46
2.38
1.06
0.46
2.53
1.61
0.46
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Roof
6.3
6.3
465.7
465.7
Office
11.0
8.6
629.5
1888.6
Total(at(base
3872.5
KN
Column'6
Area
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
Ground
12.4
9.4
693.8
693.8
Total((KN)
12.53
27.58
25.69
30.59
Load((KN/m2)
0.17
0.38
0.35
0.42
Fitness
14.8
11.2
824.4
824.4
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(I(+(2(x(3.5m(of(B(+(2x(3.5m(of(D(+(2x(3.5m(of(G
49
m2
I((KN/m) B((KN/m) D((KN/m)
0.25
0.67
0.46
0.37
0.67
0.46
0.37
0.74
0.46
0.51
0.82
0.46
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Roof
6.3
6.3
309.8
309.8
Office
10.8
8.4
410.0
1230.0
Total(at(base
2535.5
KN
Ground
12.3
9.3
454.6
454.6
G((KN/m)
0.82
0.98
1.06
1.61
Fitness
14.6
11.0
541.1
541.1
Total((KN)
7.70
8.68
9.21
11.90
Load((KN/m2)
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.24
Column'7
Area
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(A(+(2(x(3.5m(of(F(+(2x(3.5m(of(I
24.5
m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
A((KN/m) F((KN/m) I((KN/m)

0.67
0.51
0.25
0.67
0.85
0.37
0.67
0.81
0.37
0.6
1.22
0.51
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
Roof
6.4
6.4
156.0
156.0
378
1657.8
Office
10.9
8.5
207.3
621.8
KN
KN
Ground
12.4
9.4
229.2
229.2
Total((KN)
5.01
6.62
6.48
8.16
Fitness
14.7
11.1
272.8
272.8
Column'8
Area
Supports(2(x(3.5m(of(B(+(2(x(3.5m(of(I
49
m2
Beam
Roof
Office
Ground
Fitness
B((KN/m) I((KN/m) Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)

0.67
0.25
4.10
0.08
0.67
0.37
4.94
0.10
0.74
0.37
5.18
0.11
0.82
0.51
6.44
0.13
Floor
Load((KN/m2)
Total(Force((KN)
Cladding
Total(at(base
Roof
6.2
6.2
306.2
306.2
Office
10.7
8.3
406.2
1218.7
2511.1
KN
Ground
12.2
9.2
450.6
450.6
Fitness
14.5
10.9
535.6
535.6
Load((KN/m2)
0.20
0.27
0.26
0.33
Column
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
Y
Z
Ned
2989.4
1024.4
1635.2
3572.8
3872.5
2535.5
1657.8
2511.1
5062.5
3570.8
2305.1
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
KN
Type
Section
Edge
305x305x158
Corner
254x254x89
Edge
254x254x132
Internal/Edge 305x305x158
Internal
305x305x198
Internal
254x254x132
Edge
254x254x132
Internal
254x254x132
Internal
356x368x202
Edge
305x305x198
Corner
305x305x137
Force&per&m2
14.4
Area,& Force,&
Nb,z,rd
KN
m2
3830
49
705.6
1720 24.5
352.8
2640 44.5
640.8
3830
4880
2640
2640
49
705.6
2640
5830
4880 24.5
352.8
3280 24.5
352.8
KN/m2
Height,& Eccentricity,& Web&Thickness,& Eccentricity,& My,ed&,& Mz,ed&,&
mm
mm
mm
mm
KNm KNm
327.1
263.55
92.98
260.3
230.15
10.3
105.15
40.60 18.55
276.3
238.15
76.30
276.3
238.15
339.9
320.5
269.95
260.25
13.8
106.9
Buckling&Length&=&6m
Mc,y,rd&,& Mc,z,rd&&,&
Unity&Check
KNm
KNm
801.00
0.90
334.00 198.00
0.86
601.00
0.75
0.93
0.79
0.96
84.02
601.00
0.77
0.95
0.87
47.62
1060.00
0.78
45.91 18.86 673.00 363.00
0.85
Notional(Horizontal(Loads
Phi
0.00243902 1/410
Floor0Load
14.4 KN/m2
Roof0Load
6.17 KN/m2
Plan0Area
1176 m2
NHLfloor
NHLroof
Wind
Fw
Longest0face
Height
Roof0Fw
Floor0Fw
Total
Roof
Floor
20.65 KN
8.85 KN
2
1 KN/m
49 m
3.3 m
40.4 KN
80.9 KN
Factored0(1.5x)
60.6 KN
121.3 KN
69.49 KN
141.93 KN
A
Moment0about0B
27752 KNm
VA
VB
RH
3965 KN
O3965 KN
1489 KN
Max0axial0load
1646 KN
3
3
3
3
3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
B
Apartment0Bracing0Angle
23.2 degrees
Length0of0bracing0member
7.74 m
Use0273x12.50CHS
NB,rd
1750 KN
Buckling0length0=08m
13.9 Hand!calculations!Foundations!
!
Please!see!attached!pages.!
36!
Column'Loads'Shown'below'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
Page'2a'
Load%/%KN%
Column%Loads%
1'
6000'
5000'
4000'
3000'
2000'
1000'
0'
2'
3'
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
Column'loads'grouped'into'3'types'
PILES
Column
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
Y
Z
Load
Type
2989.1 KN
1023.4 KN
1635.2 KN
3687.9 KN
3870.5 KN
2534.5 KN
1656.8 KN
2511.1 KN
5062.5 KN
3570.8 KN
2305.1 KN
Edge
Corner
Edge
Internal/Edge
Internal
Internal
Edge
Internal
Internal
Edge
Corner
Pile,4Type41
Pile,4Type42
Pile,4Type43
'
Pile'Type'Layout'
'
11'
'
Pad$Types$
PADS$
Final$
Column$
$
Loads$ $$
$
$$
$
$
1$
1810$ KN$
$
2$
3$
4$
5$
6$
7$
8$
9$
10$
1175$
756$
1243$
849$
90$
1343$
179$
79$
972$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
11$
12$
13$
14$
15$
1467$
884$
121$
241$
127$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
KN$
16$
$
20$ KN$
$
Pile,$Type$
1$
Pile,$Type$
2$
Pile,$Type$
3$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Pad$Layout$
13.10 Hand!calculations!and!method!rationale:!Drainage!
!
13.10.1
Assumed!values:!
!
The! Met! Office! web! site! reports! that! that! the! annual! precipitation! for! the! area! is! approximately!
825mm.!UCWI!is!therefore!approximately!87!for!a!summer!storm.!!For!drainage!design!purposes!a!
50%!summer!storm!profile!is!commonly!used.!(Urban!Drainage!Engineering;!Butler,!Davis)!
Figure!13E3:!plot!of!UCWI!against!SAAR!(Butler,!Davis)!
The!Areal!Reduction!Factor!(ARF)!takes!the!catchment!area!into!account!when!calculating!average!
rainfall!intensities.!However!for!small!catchments!(below!1km2)!the!ARF!is!not!required!therefore!
the! average! intensities! have! not! been! accordingly! reduced! in! this! case! (the! catchment! size! is!
approximately!0.6km2)!
!
When! calculating! the! Percentage! Runoff! using! the! Wallingford! Runoff! Equation,! it! was! assumed!
that!PIMP=100.!!This!is!a!conservative!value!often!related!to!dense!commercial!development.!!The!
calculated!pipe!sizes!are!therefore!less!likely!to!lead!to!flooding!as!they!have!been!conservatively!
designed.!
!
The! variable! SOIL! in! the! Walling! Runoff! equation! was! assumed! SOIL=0.4:! type! 3! soil! which! is!
relatively!impermeable.!!Full!ground!conditions!across!the!site!are!unknown!however!it!is!know!that!
the!alluvium!and!superficial!deposits!are!likely!to!contain!some!clay!layer!down!to!the!mudstone!
and!lower!coal!measures.!!The!envirocheck!report!related!to!the!site!descirbes!the!soil!as!having!
varying!permeability.!
!
The! Wallingford! procedure! has! been! used! as! opposed! to! the! New! Wallingford! procedure! as!
although! the! catchment! fills! to! its! saturation! limit! during! longer! rainfall! events,! the! current!
drainage! design! is! only! a! scheme! design.! ! Therefore! simpler! hand! calculations! have! been!
considered!preferable!over!an!iterative!procedure!(resulting!in!the!need!for!complex!mathematical!
analysis!and/or!hydroworks!software)!
!
37!
For!the!time!of!entry!to!the!pipe!a!value!of!3!minutes!has!been!used!for!M5,!M10!and!M30!return!
periods.! ! The! recommended! value! is! 3C6! minutes! (Urban! Drainage! Design;! Butler,! Davis)! so! 3!
minutes! offers! a! conservative! estimate.! ! 4! minutes! has! been! used! for! M2! rainfall,! as! the!
recommended!range!is!4C7mins.!Once!again,!arbitrary!values!have!been!chosen!over!calculating!the!
time!to!entry!using!routing!methods!as!this!design!is!only!an!initial!scheme!design!for!pipe!sizing.!
!
Secondary! losses! (for! example! due! to! bends! in! the! pipe,! entry! and! exit! losses)! have! been!
approximated!to!zero!in!this!design!in!order!to!provide!a!simplified!scheme!design.!
!
13.10.2
Equations!used:!
!
Darcy!Weisbach!
8g
U=
RS o
!
!
Colebrook!White!
!
13.10.3
Calculation!example:!
!
M5C60!
r!
M5C2day!
!
duration!
(mins)!
5!
10!
15!
30!
60!
120!
240!
360!
720!
1440!
2880!
!
!
!
duration!
(hours)!
0.08!
0.17!
0.25!
0.50!
1.00!
2.00!
4.00!
6.00!
12.00!
24.00!
48.00!
20.5!
!
0.39!
!
52.6!
!
M5!%!of!M5!
M5!C!T!
growth!
M10CT!
avg!I!
2day!
(mm)!
factor!
(mm)!
(mm/hr)!
14.5!
7.6!
1.2!
9.1!
109.8!
20.6!
10.8!
1.21!
13.1!
78.6!
24.5!
12.9!
1.22!
15.7!
62.8!
31.5!
16.6!
1.23!
20.4!
40.7!
39!
20.5!
1.23!
25.2!
25.2!
47!
24.7!
1.22!
30.1!
15.1!
57!
30.0!
1.21!
36.3!
9.1!
63!
33.1!
1.2!
39.7!
6.6!
75!
39.4!
1.18!
46.5!
3.9!
89!
46.8!
1.17!
54.7!
2.3!
106!
55.7!
1.15!
64.1!
1.3!
!
See!graphs!of!intensity!plotted!against!duration!to!derive!critical!intensity!from!critical!time.!
!
38!
Assumed!values:!
!
SAAR!
UCWI!
PIMP!
SOIL!
Pipe!roughness!ks!(mm)!
time!entry!(mins)!!
Cr!
kinematic!viscosity!!(m2/s)!
!
825!
87!
100!
0.4!
0.6!
3!
1.3!
1.14EC06!
Given!in!Desktop!study!data!
Read!off!SAAR!UCWI!graph!
Assumed!value!(dense!commercial!area)!
Assumed!value!(soil!has!potential!clay!alluvium)!
Given!in!brief!
Assumed!value.!!Estimated!3E6mins!Butler!Davis!
Constant!factor!when!using!modified!rational!method!
For!water!at!15C!
Using!Wallingford!runoff!equation:!
!
PR!! =!0.829*PIMP!+!25*SOIL!+!0.0078!UCWI!C20.7!
!
=!0.829*100!+!25*0.4!+!0.0078*87!!20.7!
!
=!80!
!
Cv!
=!PR/PIMP!
!
=!0.8!
!
For!pipe!1.001:!
GL!at!US!invert!!
=!55m!AOD!(interpolated!from!OS!maps!and!ground!
model!sections)!
!
GL!at!DS!invert!!
=!58m!AOD!(interpolated!from!OS!maps!and!ground!
model!sections)!
!
US!invert!depth!!
!
!
!
=!54m!AOD!(chosen!design!value)!
!
DS!invert!depth!
!
!
!
!
!=!53.6m!AOD!(chosen!design!value)!
!
Horizontal!pipe!length!!
!
!
!
=!101m!(measured!from!map)!
!
Pipe!length!! !
!
!
!
=!(1012+(54C53.6)2!)!=!101m!
!
Gradient!(So)!! !
!
!
!
=!(54C53.6)/101!=!0.004!
!
Assumed!pipe!diameter!(d)!! !
!
=!300mm!=!0.3m!
!
Area!pipe!(A)!! !
!
!
!
=!*(0.3/2)!2!=!0.071m2!
!
Wetted!perimeter!(P)!!!
!
!
=!*0.3!=!0.942m!
!
Hydraulic!radius!(R)!! !
!
!
=!A/P!=!0.075m!
!
Assumed!friction!factor!()!! !
!
=!0.024!
!
Assumed!velocity!using!Darcy!Weisbach!(v)! =!(8g/!)*!(R*So)! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!(8*9.81/!0.024)*!(0.075*0.004)!
!
39!
=!0.98m/s!
!
Slope!of!friction!(Sf)!! !
!
!
=!(*v2)/(2*g*d)!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!(0.024*0.982)/(2*9.81*0.3)!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!0.004!
!
Velocity!using!Colebrook!White!
!
=!C2(2gSfd)*log10((Ks/3.7d)+(2.51/(d*(2gSfd)))!
!
=!C2(2*9.81*0.004*0.3)*log10((0.0006/3.7*0.3)+(2.51*1.14EC06/(0.3*(2*9.81*0.004*0.3)))!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!0.98m/s!
!
Difference!in!velocities!
!
!
!
=!0.98!!0.98!=!0!
!
Pipe!discharge!(Qf)! !
!
!
=!v*A!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!0.98*0.071!=!0.069m3/s!=!69!l/s!
!
Time!of!Flow!(Tf)!
!
!
!
=!length/v!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!101/0.98!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=102.7!seconds!=!1.7!minutes!
!
Time!of!concentration!(Tc)! !
!
=!Tf!+!Time!entry!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!1.7!+!3!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!4.7!mins!
!
Critical!intensity!(Ic)! !
!
!
=!110mm/hr!(M10!intensity/duration!graph)!
!
!
!
Discharge!leaving!site!(Qp)! !
!
=!Cr*Cv*Ic*Area!draining!into!pipe!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!1.3*0.8*(110/(1000*3600))*1200!
!
!
!
!
!
!
=!0.0376!m3/s!=!37.6!l/s!
!
!
!
Qp!<!Qf!so!design!is!sufficient!
!
!
This!process!was!repeated!for!each!pipe!using!Microsoft!Excel.!!When!the!velocity!from!Darcy!
Wesibach!was!not!equal!to!the!velocity!obtained!from!the!Colebrook!White!equation,!goalseek!was!
used!to!interpolate!to!find!a!friction!factor!that!would!make!them!equal.!
!
When!Qp!was!greater!than!Qf,!a!pipe!of!greater!diameter!was!introduced!to!increase!the!allowable!
flow!through!the!pipe.!!Or!in!some!cases!the!gradient!of!the!pipe!was!changed.!
!
13.10.4
Calculation!spreadsheet!
!
Please!see!attached!copy!of!spreadsheet!for!other!pipe!calculations.!
!
!
40!
M5#60
r
M5#2day
20.5
0.39
52.6
area/is/less/than/1km2/so/areal/reduction/factor/for/rainfall/has/not/been/included
duration
5/m
10/m
15/m
30/m
60/m
2/h
4/h
6/h
12/h
24/h
48/h
duration/(mins) duration/(hours) growth/factor M2#T/(mm) avg$I$(mm/hr) M5/%/of/M5/2day M5/#/T/(mm) avg$I$(mm/hr) growth/factor M10#T/(mm) avg$I$(mm/hr) growth/factor M30#T/(mm) avg$I$(mm/hr)
5
0.08
0.71
5.4
64.9
14.5
7.6
91.5
1.2
9.1
109.8
1.45
11.1
132.6
10
0.17
0.7
7.6
45.5
20.6
10.8
65.0
1.21
13.1
78.6
1.48
16.0
96.2
15
0.25
0.7
9.0
36.1
24.5
12.9
51.5
1.22
15.7
62.8
1.51
19.4
77.8
30
0.50
0.7
11.6
23.2
31.5
16.6
33.1
1.23
20.4
40.7
1.53
25.3
50.7
60
1.00
0.72
14.8
14.8
39
20.5
20.5
1.23
25.2
25.2
1.54
31.6
31.6
120
2.00
0.73
18.0
9.0
47
24.7
12.4
1.22
30.1
15.1
1.53
37.7
18.9
240
4.00
0.75
22.5
5.6
57
30.0
7.5
1.21
36.3
9.1
1.51
45.1
11.3
360
6.00
0.76
25.2
4.2
63
33.1
5.5
1.2
39.7
6.6
1.49
49.5
8.2
720
12.00
0.77
30.4
2.5
75
39.4
3.3
1.18
46.5
3.9
1.46
57.6
4.8
1440
24.00
0.78
36.5
1.5
89
46.8
1.9
1.17
54.7
2.3
1.43
67.1
2.8
2880
48.00
0.79
44.0
0.9
106
55.7
1.2
1.15
64.1
1.3
1.4
78.0
1.6
M30$drainage$design
UCWI
PIMP
SOIL
PR$(percentage$runoff)
Pipe$roughness$ks$(mm)
time$entry$(mins)$
Cv
Cr
kinematic$viscosity$(m2/s)
pipe$1.001
pipe$1.002
pipe$2.001
pipe$2.002
pipe$3.001
pipe$4.001
87
100
0.4
78.986
0.6
3
0.8
1.3
1.14EM06
1200
1700
4800
4800
6925
13425
US%invert% DS%invert%
Pipe%Number depth
depth
Pipe%Length Gradient
1.001
54
53.6
101
0.004
1.001
54
53.6
101
0.004
1.002
53.6
51.5
139
0.015
1.002
53.6
51.5
139
0.015
2.001
52
51.5
14
0.036
2.001
52
51.5
14
0.036
2.002
51.5
50.5
92
0.011
3.001
52
50.5
19
0.079
3.001
52
50.5
19
0.079
4.001
50.5
47.23
43
0.076
Velocity%
Sum%
Assumed%
Assumed%
from%
Pipe%
Time%
Impervious% diameter% Area%Pipe% friction%
Velocity%
Colebrook%
capacity%Qf% time%flow% concentratio
Area
(mm)
(m2)
factor%
darcy
white
diff%v (l/s)
minutes
n%/Tc
1200.0
225
0.040
0.026
0.8
0.8
0.0
32
2.1
5.1
1200.0
300
0.071
0.024
1.0
1.0
0.0
69
1.7
4.7
1200.0
150
0.018
0.029
1.2
1.2
0.0
22
1.9
4.9
1700.0
300
0.071
0.024
1.9
1.9
0.0
137
1.2
4.2
4800.0
225
0.040
0.026
2.5
2.5
0.0
99
0.1
3.1
4800.0
300
0.071
0.024
3.0
3.0
0.0
211
0.1
3.1
4800.0
400
0.126
0.022
2.0
2.0
0.0
247
0.8
3.8
6500.0
225
0.040
0.026
3.7
3.7
0.0
147
0.1
3.1
6925.0
300
0.071
0.024
4.4
4.4
0.0
314
0.1
3.1
13425.0
400
0.126
0.022
5.2
5.2
0.0
657
0.1
3.1
Critical%
intensity%
Calculated%
M10%
discharge%
(mm/hr)
(l/s)
132.6
45.4
135
46.2
134
45.9
140
67.9
154
210.8
154
210.8
150
205.4
154
285.5
154
304.2
154
589.7
Comments
Qp>Qf
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
M10$drainage$design
UCWI
PIMP
SOIL
PR$(percentage$runoff)
Pipe$roughness$ks$(mm)
time$entry$(mins)$
Cv
Cr
kinematic$viscosity$(m2/s)
pipe$1.001
pipe$1.002
pipe$2.001
pipe$2.002
pipe$3.001
pipe$4.001
87
100
0.4
78.986
0.6
3
0.8
1.3
1.14EM06
1200
1700
4800
4800
6925
13425
US%invert%
Pipe%Number depth
1.001
1.001
1.002
1.002
2.001
2.001
2.002
3.001
3.001
4.001
54
54
53.6
53.6
52
52
51.5
52
52
50.5
DS%invert%
depth
53.6
53.6
51.5
51.5
51.5
51.5
50.5
50.5
50.5
47.23
Pipe%Length Gradient
101
101
139
139
14
14
92
19
19
43
0.004
0.004
0.015
0.015
0.036
0.036
0.011
0.079
0.079
0.076
Sum%
Assumed%
Impervious% diameter%
Area
(mm)
1200.0
1200.0
1200.0
1700.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
6500.0
6925.0
13425.0
225
300
150
225
225
300
350
225
300
350
Area%Pipe%
(m2)
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
Assumed%
friction%
factor%
0.026
0.024
0.029
0.026
0.026
0.024
0.023
0.026
0.024
0.023
Velocity%
from%
Colebrook%
white
Darcy%
velocity
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.6
2.5
3.0
1.8
3.7
4.4
4.8
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.6
2.5
3.0
1.8
3.7
4.4
4.8
Pipe%
capacity%Qf% time%flow%
(l/s)
minutes
diff%v
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32
69
22
64
99
211
174
147
314
462
2.1
1.7
1.9
1.4
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
Critical%
Time%
intensity%
concentratio M10%
n%/Tc
(mm/hr)
5.1
4.7
4.9
4.4
3.1
3.1
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.1
109.8
110
110
115
120
120
118
120
120
120
Calculated%
discharge%
(l/s)
37.6
37.6
37.6
55.8
164.3
164.3
161.6
222.5
237.0
459.5
Comments
Qp>Qf
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
M5#drainage#design
UCWI
PIMP
SOIL
PR#(percentage#runoff)
Pipe#roughness#ks#(mm)
time#entry#(mins)#
Cv
Cr
kinematic#viscosity#(m2/s)
pipe#1.001
pipe#1.002
pipe#2.001
pipe#2.002
pipe#3.001
pipe#4.001
87
100
0.4
78.986
0.6
3
0.8
1.3
1.14EN06
1200
1700
4800
4800
6925
13425
US%invert%
Pipe%Number depth
DS%invert%
depth
Pipe%
Length%(m) Gradient
Sum%
Assumed%
Area
(mm)
Area%Pipe%
(m2)
Assumed%
friction%
factor%
Velocity%
from%
Colebrook%
white
Darcy%
velocity%
(m/s)
Pipe%
diff%v (l/s)
minutes
Critical%
Time%
intensity%
concentratio M10%
n%/Tc
(mm/hr)
Calculated%
discharge%
(l/s)
1.001
54
53.6
101
0.004
1200.0
225
0.040
0.026
0.8
0.8
0.0
32
2.1
5.1
91
1.002
1.002
2.001
2.001
2.002
3.001
3.001
4.001
53.6
53.6
52
52
51.5
52
52
50.5
51.5
51.5
51.5
51.5
50.5
50.5
50.5
47.23
139
139
14
14
92
19
19
43
0.015
0.015
0.036
0.036
0.011
0.079
0.079
0.076
1200.0
1700.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
6500.0
6925.0
13425.0
150
225
225
300
350
225
300
350
0.018
0.040
0.040
0.071
0.096
0.040
0.071
0.096
0.029
0.026
0.026
0.024
0.023
0.026
0.024
0.023
1.2
1.6
2.5
3.0
1.8
3.7
4.4
4.8
1.2
1.6
2.5
3.0
1.8
3.7
4.4
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22
64
99
211
174
147
314
462
1.87306346
1.44077023
0.09413059
0.07832633
0.84863452
0.08596466
0.07155649
0.14961643
4.9
4.4
3.1
3.1
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.1
92
94
106
106
98
106
106
106
Comments
31.1 OK
31.5
45.6
145.1
145.1
134.2
196.5
209.4
405.9
Qp>Qf
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
Qp>Qf
OK
OK
M2#drainage#design
UCWI
PIMP
SOIL
PR#(percentage#runoff)
Pipe#roughness#ks#(mm)
time#entry#(mins)#
Cv
Cr
kinematic#viscosity#(m2/s)
pipe#1.001
pipe#1.002
pipe#2.001
pipe#2.002
pipe#3.001
pipe#4.001
87
100
0.4
78.986
0.6
4
0.8
1.3
1.14EM06
1200
1700
4800
4800
6925
13425
US%invert%
Pipe%Number depth
DS%invert%
depth
Pipe%Length%
(m)
Gradient
Sum%
Assumed%
Area
(mm)
Area%Pipe%
(m2)
Assumed%
friction%
factor%
Velocity%
from%
Colebrook%
white
Darcy%
velocity%
(m/s)
Pipe%
diff%v (l/s)
minutes
Critical%
Time%
intensity%
concentratio M10%
n%/Tc
(mm/hr)
Calculated%
discharge%
(l/s)
Comments
1.001
54
53.6
101
0.004
1200.0
225
0.040
0.026
0.8
0.8
0.0
32
2.1
6.1
60
20.5 OK
1.002
53.6
51.5
139
0.015
1700.0
225
0.040
0.026
1.6
1.6
0.0
64
1.4
5.4
61
29.6 OK
2.001
52
51.5
14
0.036
4800.0
225
0.040
0.026
2.5
2.5
0.0
99
0.1
4.1
68
93.1 OK
2.002
3.001
51.5
52
50.5
50.5
92
19
0.011
0.079
4800.0
6925.0
300
225
0.071
0.040
0.024
0.026
1.6
3.7
1.6
3.7
0.0
0.0
116
147
0.9
0.1
4.9
4.1
65
68
89.0 OK
134.3 OK
4.001
50.5
47.23
43
0.076
13425.0
300
0.071
0.024
4.4
4.4
0.0
308
0.2
4.2
68
260.4 OK
M30$Intensity$
180.0#
160.0#
140.0#
avg$intensity$(mm/hr)$
120.0#
100.0#
80.0#
60.0#
40.0#
20.0#
0.0#
0#
10#
20#
30#
dura3on$(mins)$
40#
50#
60#
M10$Intensity$
120.0#
100.0#
80.0#
60.0#
40.0#
20.0#
0.0#
0#
10#
20#
30#
dura3on$(mins)$
40#
50#
60#
M5$Intensity$
100.0#
90.0#
80.0#
70.0#
60.0#
50.0#
40.0#
30.0#
20.0#
10.0#
0.0#
0#
10#
20#
30#
dura3on$(mins)$
40#
50#
60#
M2$Intensity$
70.0#
60.0#
50.0#
40.0#
30.0#
20.0#
10.0#
0.0#
0#
10#
20#
30#
dura3on$(mins)$
40#
50#
60#
13.11 Construction!Plan!
!
Construction*Plan
Supermarket%(TOTAL)
Remediation%Works
Substructure%(foundations)
Superstructure
Time%(months)
24
6
6
4
MultiAStorey%(TOTAL)
Remediation%Works
Basment%excavation
Superstructure
30
9
8
4
9
Bridge%(TOTAL)
Remediation%Works
Superstructure
19
2
5
5
41!
13.12 Health!and!safety!Risk!Assessment!
!
Please!see!attached!document.!
!
!
13.13 Project!Risk!Assessment!
!
Please!see!attached!document.!
!
42!
Project / part of project
Ref
Risk Level Before Controls

L
Sv
R
Hazard / Risk
Those at
Risk
Controls
Risk Level After

Controls
L
Sv
R
Activity / Operation
Clearing)and)Levelling)the)site)including)general)construction)
risks
Manual&handling
Workers
stepping&on&nails&or&sharp&objects
Workers
Noise&from&plant
Workers
Workers&crushed&by&vehicles&moving&on&site
Workers
Slips&and&trips
Workers
Hazards&to&eyes
Workers
increased&construction&traffic
Workers&&&
Public
Mud&on&access&road&from&construction&traffic
Workers&&&
Public
Remediation)of)contaminated)ground
Burns&from&contact&with&lime
Workers&&&
Public
Risk&of&burial
Workers
Collapse&of&stockpiles
Workers
Heavy&items&to&be&moved&by&telehandler.&Manually&lifted&items&
not&to&exceed&15kg
L
Site&to&be&kept&clear&and&in&good&order&of&tidiness.&All&workers&
to&wear&correct&PPE&on&feet.&Signposted&firstaid&points&with&
sufficient&qualified&firstFaiders&on&site
L
Signage&to&warn&of&noise&hazard.&Correct&PPE&to&be&worn&when&
appropriate.
L
Vehicles&and&plant&movement&limited&to&5mph&and&designated&
pathways.&Signage&to&warn&of&type&and&location&of&vehicle&
hazard.&Pedestrians&to&use&separate&designated&pathways.&
Means&of&communication&available&between&vehicles&and&site&
office&in&case&of&accident
L
Site&to&be&kept&clear&and&in&good&order&of&tidiness.&All&workers&
to&wear&correct&PPE&on&feet.&Signage&to&warn&of&hazard.&
Signposted&firstaid&points&with&sufficient&qualified&firstFaiders&
on&site
L
All&workers&to&wear&correct&PPE&on&eyes.&Signage&to&warn&of&
hazard.Signposted&firstaid&points&with&sufficient&qualified&firstF
aiders&on&site
L
Signage&to&warn&of&increased&traffic.&20mph&speed&limit&
imposed&on&vehicles&and&plant&to&site&on&surrounding&minor&
roads
L
Sinage&to&warn&of&hazard.&Restrict&construction&traffic&to&a&
single&route&to&enable&road&surface&cleaning&periodically&
especially&during&initial&stages&of&prooject.&Install&wheel&washers&
at&site&enterance
L
Appropriate&COSH&signage.&Appropriate&PPPE&to&be&worn&by&
workers&to&avoid&contact.&Signposted&firstaid&points&with&
sufficient&qualified&firstFaiders&on&site
L
Hi&Vis&PPE&to&be&worn&by&all&on&site.&No&dumping&of&loads&
without&an&operative&to&confirm&that&the&dumping&area&is&clear&
and&safe
L
Stock&piles&to&not&exceed&3m&in&height&or&1:2&gradient&of&sides.&
Pedestrian&pathways&not&to&run&allong&the&bottom&of&stickpiles.&
Appropriate&signage&to&warn&of&collapse&risk
Appropriate&PPPE&to&be&worn&by&workers&to&avoid&contact&ie&
gloves&and&coveralls.&Signposted&firstaid&points&with&sufficient&
qualified&firstFaiders&on&site
To&be&removed&from&site&if&found
H
H
H
L
H
H
Workers&&&
Public
Site
Falling&into&open&excavations
Workers&&&
Public
Collapse&of&excavations&and&burial
Workers&&&
Public
Parapit&to&be&installed&around&all&excavations&or&steep&drops&of&
greater&than&0.8m.&Appropriate&signage&to&warn&of&fall&hazard L
Workers&to&not&enter&unsuppported&excavations&of&greater&than&
2m&depth.&Plant&and&vehicles&to&be&excluded&from&coming&
within&5m&of&any&excavations
L
Workers
H&S&briefing&to&be&given&on&site&to&warn&of&hazzard.&
Appropriate&PPE&to&be&worn&by&workers&to&avoid&contact&ie&
gloves&glasses&and&coveralls
Hazardous&Materials
Japanese&knot&weed
L
L
L
L
L
L
Excavation)and)foundations)work
Exposure&to&concrete
Construction)of)buildings
Falling&from&height
Workers
Collapse&of&scaffold
Workers
Falling&objects
Workers
Failure&of&crane
Workers
Construction)of)bridge
River&Don&F&Drowning
Workers
Flooding&F&submersion
Workers
Falling&from&height
Workers
Collapse&of&scaffold
Workers
Falling&objects
Workers
Failure&of&crane
Workers
Scaffolding&to&be&used&instead&of&ladders.&Parapit&to&be&installed&
on&alll&scafolding&or&around&drops&of&greater&than&0.8m.&
Mansafe&Latchway&to&be&used&for&working&at&height.Signage&to&
warn&of&hazard
L
Scafolding&to&be&correctly&designed&and&inspected.&Scafolding&
not&to&be&overloaded&with&personel&building&materials&or&plant. L
Site&to&be&kept&clear&and&in&good&order&of&tidiness.&Hard&hat&and&
HiVis&PPE&to&be&worn&by&all&on&site.
L
Crane&not&to&be&overloaded&or&used&near&excavations/weak&
ground
L
Parrapit&and&Mansafe&Latchway&to&be&used&where&fall&hazard&is&
present.&Crash&deck&to&be&errected&over&the&river&to&prevent&
falls&and&materials/equiptment&being&dropped&into&the&river
L
Daily&risk&assesment&of&flood&likleyhood&to&be&carried&out&and&
corrosponding&briefing&to&be&given&to&workers.
L
Scafolding&to&be&used&instead&of&ladders.&Parapit&to&be&installed&
on&alll&scafolding&or&around&drops&of&greater&than&0.8m.&
Mansafe&Latchway&to&be&used&for&working&at&height.Signage&to&
warn&of&hazard
L
Scafolding&to&be&correctly&designed&and&inspected.&Scafolding&
not&to&be&overloaded&with&personel&building&materials&or&plant. L
Site&to&be&kept&clear&and&in&good&order&of&tidiness.&Hard&hat&and&
HiVis&PPE&to&be&worn&by&all&on&site.
L
Crane&not&to&be&overloaded&or&used&near&excavations/weak&
ground
L
Finishing)of)Project)and)landscaping
Electrocution
Gas&explosion
H
L
H
H
H
H
Workers
Workers&&&
Public
Mark&out&all&services&clearly
Mark&out&all&services&clearly
L
L
Tick here if complexity warrants a method statement / written safe system of work.
Assessed By:
Key: L = Likelihood, Sv = Severity, R = Risk
Date:
H
H
M
M
Category
Environment
Quality
Financial
Likel
Cost of mitigation
Risk (Cause /
Risk Effect / Impact / Action / Mitigation / Management
Consequences of mgt
ihoo Severity
measures (incl in cost
uncertainty)
Asst part of project
Measures
measures
d
estimate)
Transport,
Buildings failure
Use permeable materials,

Access to all the spaces,
Drainage systems
Buildings costs,
Flooding
12
Water-course
contamination
Reputation,
Delay / Env.
Agency fine
Asbestos
Delay
Contingency time in the program
Lost of revenue from

increase program time
Delay
Site manager
Cant get
specified
materials
Delay the
progress of the
construction
Sources are specified in detail

design to ensure lead in time is met
Increased scope of
detailed design
Delay on completion of
the detail design
project manager
Extra material
Delay
Use simpler structure

Have extra materials on site
Extra costs for

materials
Additional costs
Site manager
Different
specifications
and demands,
Delay
Change designs plans, find new

materials
Depends from the

specifications
Delayed progress
Client
Accidental
damage
Client
Changes mind
Program
Late delivery
of materials
10
Install impermeable barrier to

Cost of constructing
prevent contaminants & site
Additional costs & time
and landscaping at end
materials from entering water course
Delay in the
progress of the Ensure lead in times for supplying is
construction,
met
Out of schedule
Key: 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = medium, 4 = high, 5 = very high
Additional costs
Risk Owner party

responsible for
managing risk
Site manager
Site manager
Project manager
13.14 Progress!Meetings!Agendas!and!Minutes!
!
Agenda!for!meeting!Tuesday!21st!Feb!2012!
Location:!JCDS!2pm!
!
1.!!
Present:!!
2.!!
Declaration!of!AOB!
3.!!
Ground!Model!!
4.!!
Supermarket!!
5.!!
Multi!storey!building!
6.!!!
Bridge!design!
7.!!
AOB!
8.!!
Plan!for!next!meeting!
!
!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Tuesday!21st!Feb!2012!
Location:!JCDS!2pm!
!
1.!!
EG,!AC,!KL,!PH,!MX!
2.!!
3.!!
Had!a!workshop!with!John!Cripps!on!the!ground!model!leaving!us!with!several!questions.!EG!
and!PH!to!ask!John!Carr!about!what!is!required!for!final!report.!
4.!
Weighting!procedure!using!to!decide!that!the!rectangular!option!for!the!supermarket!in!the!
middle!of!the!site!is!the!most!suitable!design!!
5.!
Because!of!supermarket!location,!it!is!decided!to!locate!the!office!block!to!the!top!left!
corner!of!the!site!
6.!
It!is!decided!to!have!bridge!coming!into!the!supermarket.!!All!group!members!to!consider!
bridge!ideas/designs.!
7.!
8.!
Next!meeting!to!happen!on!Friday!24th!Feb!JCDS!4pm!
!
43!
Agenda!for!meeting!Friday!24th!Feb!2012!
Location:!!JCDS!4pm!
!
1.!!
Present:!!
2.!!
Declaration!of!AOB!
3.!!
Ground!Model!!
4.!!
5.!!
Supermarket!!
6.!!!
Bridge!design!
7.!!!
Drainage!!!
8.!!
Foundation!design!
9.!!
AOB!
10.!! Plan!for!next!meeting!
!
!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Friday!24th!Feb!2012!
Location:!!JCDS!4pm!
!
1.!!
EG,!AC,!KL,!PH!
2.!!
3.!
Ground!model!has!been!delegated!to!PH!to!complete!over!the!weekend!
4.!!
AC!to!begin!scheme!design!for!beams!and!columns!in!the!building!
5.!!
AC!and!KL!to!think!about!supermarket!loads!over!the!weekend!
6.!!!
Scheme!design!to!begin!after!the!weekend!
7.!!!
Drainage!!EG!to!set!up!spreadsheet!for!drainage!pipes!so!that!they!can!be!quickly!designed!
once!the!site!layout!is!final!
8.!
Cannot!begin!until!loads!known!from!buildings.!!EG!and!PH!to!design!foundations.!
9.!!
10.!! Next!meeting!to!happen!on!Monday!27th!Feb!St!Georges!Library!4pm!
!
!
!
!
!
44!
Agenda!for!meeting!Monday!27th!Feb!2012!
Location:!St!Georges!Library!4pm!
!
1.!!
Present!
2.!!
Declaration!of!AOB!
3.!!
Ground!Model!!
4.!!
5.!!
Supermarket!!!
6.!!!
Bridge!design!
7.!!!
Drainage!!!
8.!!
Foundation!design!
9.!!
AOB!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Monday!27th!Feb!2012!
Location:!St!Georges!Library!4pm!
!
1.!!
!EG,!AC,!KL,!MX!
2.!
3.!!
EG!has!completed!site!profiles!
4.!!
AC!encountered!problem!with!the!loadings!in!the!basement!of!the!office!making!the!column!
free!space!in!around!the!swimming!pool!impossible.!!Shap!of!building!changed!and!
residential!property!moved!to!area!not!above!basement!however!design!is!still!impossible.!
AC!to!ask!John!Carr!about!other!possible!solutions.!
5.!!
AC!has!designed!beams!for!back!of!house!in!supermarket.!!
6.!!!
MX!to!think!about!bridge!loading!
7.!!!
EG!encountered!problems!with!finding!critical!intensity!and!constructing!unit!hydrograph.!!
Currently!waiting!on!a!response!from!James!Shucksmith.!
8.!!
Cannot!begin!until!loads!known!from!buildings.!!EG!and!PH!to!design!foundations.!
9.!!
10.!! Next!meeting!to!happen!on!Tues!28th!Feb!WR1!2pm!
!
45!
Agenda!for!meeting!Tuesday!28th!Feb!2012!
Location:!WR1!2pm!
!
1.!!
Present/Apologies!
2.!!
Declaration!of!AOB!
3.!!
Site!layout!! !is!it!finalized?!
!
!
C!are!we!ready!to!plan!the!site!investigation!
4.!!
Ground!Model!!
5.!!
Multi!storey!building!!have!issues!been!resolved/is!design!working?!
6.!!
Supermarket!!is!loading!complete?!
7.!!!
Bridge!design!!who/what/when!
8.!!!
Drainage!!C!dependent!on!site!layout!
9.!!!
Carbon!costing!!are!we!ready!to!begin!
10.!! Foundation!design!
11.!! AOB!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Tuesday!28th!Feb!2012!
Location:!WR1!2pm!
!
1.!!!
PH,!AC,!KL,!EG,!MX!
2.!!!
Nothing!declared!
3.!!
Shape!of!multistory!office!block!has!now!changed.!!AC!to!upload!simple!footprint!of!site!
onto!dropbox.!!Now!ready!to!plan!site!investigation.!!Basement!is!to!be!dug!underneath!the!
office!block!so!contaminated!land!assessment!of!this!part!of!the!site!is!vital.!!EG!and!PH!to!
look!at!site!investigation!schedule!tomorrow!(29/2)!
4.!!
PH!uploaded!simple!model!to!dropbox.!!Enough!for!simple!foundation!calculation!
5.!!
New!design!has!been!proposed!!AC!to!finish!sizing!of!beams!and!columns!and!come!up!
with!loads!from!building!for!tomorrow!(29/2)!
6.!!
AC!has!begun!scheme!design!for!back!section!of!supermarket.!!KL!to!try!to!calculate!loading!
on!roof!
7.!!!
MX!coming!up!with!initial!bridge!designs.!!Coming!up!with!basic!calculations!
8.!!!
Bit!more!to!do!on!spreadsheet.!!After!footprint!of!site!layout!is!complete!EG!to!design!each!
pipe/gradient.!
9.!!!
KL!has!come!up!with!resources!on!how!to!minimize!embodied!carbon!in!building.!!Detailed!
anaylsis!can!be!done!after!scheme!design.!
10.!! PH!to!begin!foundation!design!once!loads!are!finalized.!!EG!to!help!with!foundation!design!
after!drainage!is!complete.!
11.!
!!
12.!! Tomorrow!Wednesday!29th!Mappin!building!9am!
!
!
!
!
46!
!
Agenda!for!meeting!Wednesday!29th!Feb!2012!
Location:!Mappin!building!9am!
!
1.!!
Present/Apologies!
2.!!
Declaration!of!AOB!
3.!!
Multi!storey!building!!progress!
4.!!
Supermarket!!progress!
5.!!!
Bridge!design!!progress!
6.!!
Site!investigation!!are!EG!and!PH!happy!to!begin!this!now!
7.!!
Foundation!design!
8.!!
AOB!
9.!!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Wednesday!29th!Feb!2012!
Location:!Mappin!building!9am!
!
1.!!
Present:!EG,!KL,!MX,!AC,!PH,!RH,!group!7!
2.!!
!
3.!!
Beams!and!columns!have!been!sized,!drawings!still!to!be!completed.!AC!to!write!up!initial!
ideas!and!description!of!developed!scheme!design.!
4.!!
Most!beams!and!columns!have!been!sized,!calculation!spreadsheet!to!be!finished!so!
foundation!design!can!commence!
5.!!!
Bridge!!loads!and!calculations!to!be!finished!by!MX!ready!for!foundations!to!be!designed!
6.!!
EG!and!PH!will!do!the!initial!costing!this!afternoon!
7.!!
Foundation!design!!MS!building!foundations!have!begun,!others!to!follow!
8.!!
!
9.!!
!
!
47!
Agenda!for!meeting!Tuesday!5th!March!2012!
Location:!Gallery!5.30pm!
!
1. Present/apologies!
2. Declaration!of!AOB!
3. Foundations!
4. Drawings!
5. Supermarket!
6. Multi!storey!!
7. Report!
8. Costings!
9. Project!risk/construction!plan!
10. Bridge!
11. Next!meeting!!
!
Minutes!for!meeting!Tuesday!5th!March!2012!
Location:!Gallery!5.30pm!
!
1. Present:!EG,!KL,!MX,!AC,!PH!
2. !
3. PH!has!basic!design!for!3!sets!of!piles!completed!for!multistory!
Aim!for!supermarket!is!a!raft.!
Propped!cantilever!for!retaining!wall!
4. Bridge!loads!been!given!by!MX!!piles!probably!appropriate!
5. AC!has!uploaded!rough!copy!of!multiCstorey!drawings!on!dropbox!
6. Calculations!for!supermarket!to!be!checked!by!AC!and!drawings!to!be!completed.!KL!to!
finish!supermarket!report!
7. Description!for!report!has!been!done!by!AC.!!EG!to!edit!and!add!to!report!document!
8. EG!has!written!up!introduction,!site!constraints,!ground!model,!site!investigation,!drainage.!!
Descriptions!of!each!structure!to!be!added!in!due!course.!
9. KL!to!do!
10. EG!to!do!
11. report!stuff!written!up!by!MX.!!EG!to!edit.!
12. 3pm!tomorrow!(6/3/12)!gallery!
!
!
13.15 Progress!GANTT!chart!
!
Please!see!attached!GANTT!chart!showing!the!progress!of!group!8!throughout!this!design!process.!
!
!
48!
Plan(site(layout
Initial(design(and(development(ideas
option(identification(and(justification
Scheme(design(multi(storey
Scheme(design(supermarket
scheme(design(bridge
ground(model
foundation(design(multi(storey
foundation(supermarket
foundation(design(bridge
formal(progress(meeting
drainage(design
site(investigation(proposal
carbon(costing
report(write(up
preparation(for(presentation
presentation
report(due(in
Key:
Planned
Completed
Friday,(9(March(12
Thursday,(8(March(12
Wednesday,(7(March(12
Tuesday,(6(March(12
Monday,(5(March(12
Sunday,(4(March(12
Saturday,(3(March(12
Friday,(2(March(12
Thursday,(1(March(12
Wednesday,(29(February(12
Tuesday,(28(February(12
Monday,(27(February(12
Sunday,(26(February(12
Saturday,(25(February(12
Friday,(24(February(12
Thursday,(23(February(12
Wednesday,(22(February(12
Tuesday,(21(February(12
Monday,(20(February(12
Sunday,(19(February(12
Saturday,(18(February(12
Friday,(17(February(12
Tasks
14 References!
14.1 Sustainability!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Guidance!on!the!Design!and!Construction!of!Sustainable,!Low!Carbon,!MixedEUse!Buildings!!
EPORT!V1.0!SEPTEMBER!2011!
Guidance!on!the!Design!and!Construction!of!Sustainable,!Low!Carbon,!Supermarket!Buildings!!
EPORT!V2.0!JUNE!2011!
The!Whole!Cycle!From!Cradle!to!Grave!
http://www.tesco.com/greenerliving/greener_tesco!
http://www.reidsteel.com/lowCcarbonCbuildings.htm!
Version!2.0!of!the!Inventory!of!Carbon!&!Energy!!
(ICE)!
14.2 Contamination!Assessment!and!Site!Investigation!
1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.esinternational.com/6218CContaminatedCLandCAssessmentCGasworksCBrownfieldCsite!
www.environmentCagency.gov.uk/research/planning/33714.aspx!
Industry!Profile!Gas!works,!coke!works!and!other!coal!carbonation!plants!!
Department!of!the!Environment!(1995)!
IDP!Indicative!Site!Investigation!Costs!V1!
14.3 Scheme!Drainage!Design!
1.
2.
Urban!Drainage!Design!!
rd
David!Butler,!John!W.!Davies!(3 !Edition)!
www.metoffice.gov.uk!
14.4 Car!parking!
1.
Car!Parking!Guidance:!Supplementary!Planning!Document.!!Vehicle!Parking!Provision!at!New!Developments:!Appendix!C!! !
East!Herts!Council!
14.5 Ground!Model!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A!Clients!Guide!to!Desk!Studies!!
Association!of!Geotechnical!and!Geoenvironmental!Specialists!
Borehole!logs!SK38NW97,!SK38NW96,!SK38NW94,!SK38NW92,!SK38NW90,!SK38NW204!!
British!Geological!Society!Borehole!Logs!
British!Geological!Society!Geological!Maps!
Ordnance!Survey!Maps!
Envirocheck!Report!1203391C1C1!(2004)!
14.6 Bridge!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Macalloy!Brochure!for!Stainless!Cables!
Virlogeux,!Michel!(2001C02C01).!"Bridges!with!multiple!cableCstayed!spans".!Structural!Engineering!International!11!(1):!6182.!
doi:10.2749/101686601780324250.!http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iabse/sei/2001/00000011/00000001/art00014.!Retrieved!
2008C03C08.!
Zhixiang!ZHOU!,!Fang!LI!&!Roy!A.!IMBSEN,Chongqing!Jiaotong!University,!China!
http://dtzone.com/systems/br_cable.htm!
http://www.cemex.co.uk/bp/pdf/Masonry_Hollow_Std.pdf!
http://www.acrowusa.com/index.php?page=cableCstayedCbridge!
http://www.brantacan.co.uk/cable_stayed.htm!
14.7 Multi!Storey!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
BS!EN!1991!!1!C1:2002!and!National!Annexes!Tables!NA.2,!NA.3,!NA.4,!NA.5!and!NA.7.!
SCI!P363!Blue!Book!to!EC3!Section!Tables!
Steel!Designers!Guide!Page!1084!
Cellular!Beam!Scheme!Design!3!Pages!30!and!31.!
Bison!Hollowcore!Flooring!tables!
CIV321!Lecture!notes!and!tutorials,!Jon!Carr!(2011)!
14.8 Foundations!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Foundations!of!Engineering!Geology,!Waltham!
Skempton!Charts!
Values!for!engineering!geology!(Berezantsev!et!al!1961)!
BS!National!Annex!to!Eurocode!7!
Lecture!notes!for!CIV251!(C.!Smith)!
Undrained!shear!capacity!design!(Poulos!and!Davis)!
49!

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The! second! location! on! site! considered! was! in! the!

Proposed Layout of Site Investigation

BH10 BH11 BH12 BH13 BH14 TP1

Bison Manufacturing / 01283 817500

Characteristic service loads kN/m2

Self wt: kN/m

Effective span in metres

For extensive technical details please visit our website: www.bison.co.uk

Performance table for roofs and metal decks

qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu

Ultimate load qu (kN/m)

A = IPE 200 (a0=210, S=260, H=294)

Abac 2: Steel section - starting section, HEA. S = 1.25 aO - Grade S355

qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu

Ultimate load qu (kN/m)

A = HEA 200 (a0=180, S=230, H=268)

Abac 3: Steel section - starting section, HEM. S = 1.25 aO - Grade S355

qdim = 1,35G + 1,5Q qu

Ultimate load qu (kN/m)

A = HEM 200 (a0=190, S=240, H=303)

Abac 4: Steel section - starting section, IPE. S = 1.5 aO - Grade S355

Ultimate load qu (kN/m)

A = IPE 220 (a0=225, S=335, H=309)

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Self,Weight No.,of,Beams Total

Area,)m Force,)KN Height,)mm

H((KN/m) Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)

E((KN/m) G((KN/m) D((KN/m)

A((KN/m) F((KN/m) I((KN/m)

B((KN/m) I((KN/m) Total((KN) Load((KN/m2)

Project / part of project

Risk Level Before Controls

Risk Level After

Use permeable materials,

Contingency time in the program

Lost of revenue from

Sources are specified in detail

Use simpler structure

Extra costs for

Change designs plans, find new

Depends from the

Install impermeable barrier to

Key: 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = medium, 4 = high, 5 = very high

Risk Owner party

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