Introduction

In modern times, today there are many different types of activities that can be addressed. Thus, there are many different companies that are, precisely, and dealing with different activities. We can safely say that there are so many different companies that do manufacture of matches to those that produce locomotives. There is no company which is the same like some other, not even those that perform the same activities. Each company is different in the way of work, production, organizational structure and in many ways, and finally, most importantly, the people who work up these companies and who are themselves individuals. Two men can do identical work, but is generally known to be identical and in the same way will not do. Each person is different and the way to do job, at least slightly different from the way in which, the work done by someone else. Here we will not list the individual companies that already exist, names, activities which it is engaged, their motivation and reasons for success but we will deal with the enterprise in general, the species, the bodies that run them etc. Also, now I have to mention that every company is established to make profits. All these different activities, the production of various goods and services aimed at placing on the market and eventually sell and make money that is, of course capital increases.

Concept and types of companies

The company is a legal entity which engages in for profit. The activity involves the production, trade of goods and services at the market. Companies are due to many reasons, the most important use of economy of scale production, fundraising and organization of the production process. The most 1

important reason for the existence of companies is the economy of scale division of labor and specialization. Special studies show that efficient production of cars demanded a minimum output of at least 100,000 units annually. Would not be many jobs and small-scale to effectively perform in the home household. Need in one place to get great value machine, buy the building, getting diverse material, and provide a large number of workers of different qualification. Such jobs can be organized only within the company. Procurement of all factors necessary large-scale production is possible only with the possession of large financial resources. Such funds do not own one. It is made available to financial markets. Borrowing a large scale in these markets and securing a mortgage is only possible through the company. The third reason for the existence of the company is providing management. Managers organize the production, introducing new ideas, products and processes. For each production workers have special skills that are not in a single household. So the production is organized in the company, since efficiency requires the production in large quantities, obtaining significant financial resources. Production in a market economy takes place in a wide range of businesses - from the smallest companies individually owned by giant corporations that dominate economic life in market economies. Today in America there are approximately 18 million business units. Most of them are individually owned, there is a partnership owned by two or more partners and small number of corporations but they dominate the market and volume of traffic and number of employees.

Types of companies
Our laws have established two types of enterprises: A business enterprise and public companies. A business enterprise may be: a body of persons and capital society. Association of persons is partnership and limited partnerships. Society is founded as the capital stock and Limited Liability Company. Companies can establish physical and legal persons. Individuals can establish a general partnership, limited partnership, and joint stock and limited liability companies. Legal persons can establish a joint stock company, limited liability companies and limited partnerships as general partner. State or local government may establish a public company. The founders and persons who subsequently come into the society are members of society. A natural person may be a member with unlimited joint and several liabilities only in one company. A partnership may be a member of another partnership or limited partnership as general partners. Founding act of the company is Articles of Association. Founding act of the company that founded by one founder (one-member company) is a decision on the establishment. Founding act of the company founded by state or local government is an act of the competent authority. 2

Founding act of the company shall contain provisions: the name and Headquarters Company, the company founders and address or name, address and personal identity number of founders, business enterprises, the equity, rights, obligations and responsibilities of the founder; conditions, the determination and distribution of profit and sharing of risks, representing the company. The company is obliged to operate in accordance with the law, good business practice and business ethics. The company can perform one or more business activities if it meets the requirements for the proper conduct of each activity. Work can begin when the company obtains a decision of the competent authority confirming compliance with the prescribed conditions for use. The company is the name that will take over the business. The company has a partnership personally name at least one member, stating that there are more members. Company limited partnership contains the personal name of at least one of the label "L.P. The company limited partnership may not be the names of limited partners. Company stock companies and limited liability company contains the label stock companies and limited liability companies. The company name shall contain the label industry and headquarters company.

The property of the company

Property companies make the right of ownership to movable and immovable property, cash and securities and other property rights. Home company assets are its founders' (capital). The Company has a capital reserve requirements. The reserve requirement each year to get to get at least 5%, until the reserve reaches the statute defined the proportion capital, and at least 10% of the capital. The company is liable for its obligations with all its assets. Founders, members and shareholders of the company are responsible for the company in accordance with the law. Depending on your role in the company - the founders, members and shareholders - participate in managing the company, division of profit and sharing risks.

The competent authorities of the company

The competent authorities of the company are: Assembly, as authority of the owner Board of Directors, which is responsible for managing Director, who is responsible for administering the company

supervisory

board,

which

is

responsible

for

monitoring

The Assembly adopted the statute, establishes the policies and adopts the annual accounts and report on business, decide on the distribution of annual profit and cover the loss, the decision to increase and the reduction of capital and so on. The Steering Committee prepares draft decisions for the assembly and executes its decisions, pass a regulation that are not passed by the Assembly, prepares annual reports on operations, proposing a distribution to, appoint and dismiss the director etc. Director shall organize and conduct the business of the company, representing the company, be responsible for the legality of the company and is responsible for this pattern. The Supervisory Board supervises the legality of governance, review periodic and annual accounts of companies working to determine whether they are made in accordance with the regulations, determine whether the business records and other documents the company are administered correctly etc. The general acts of the company are: statutes, regulations and decisions.

A partnership
These societies are a form of organizing companies that combine two or more persons in order to achieve certain common goals. Society faces is also called a partnership or partnerships. In practice, the company faces appear as: partnership and limited partnership. There are two types of partnerships: 1. Public partnerships and 2. Secret partnership. Public partnership is a sort of economic enterprise that is established by agreement of two or more persons to carry out certain activities under the joint company. Partners of this company may be individuals and legal entities. Secret partnership occurs when one or more members of society are not known to the public.

Limited Partnership
A limited partnership is in the market economy a common form of company organization as the company faces. As a partnership, this partnership is created by an agreement of two or more persons on the performance of certain activities under the joint company. Its members are: 1. General partners 2. Limited partners 4

A general water business operations and accountable for its obligations to third parties unlimited solidarity. Limited partners do not participate in the conduct of company operations and limited accountable for its obligations to third parties. Members of a limited partnership may be natural and legal persons. The establishment of a limited partnership formed by contract, which includes: total value of the role of all partners, The stake of each partner - of the general partners and limited partners share of each partner in the distribution of profit and loss, Mode of transfer of shares between the partners and third parties.

Stock company
A capital company as a legal form of organization of the company to differ materially from the company faces. In these societies the capital is dominant and is at the forefront in their establishment. Stock company is the best known and most significant capital company. It is a form of institutional organization of numerous companies in the world. Limited company can be defined as a company set up by one or more legal or physical persons, under a joint company to carry out certain activities. Joint Stock Company may be formed in two ways: Successively Simultaneously. Successive establishment occurs when the founders sent a public invitation for subscription and purchase of issued shares of the company. Simultaneous establishment of a reported case where the founders themselves repurchase issued shares of the company and when it does not disclose a public call for the purchase of shares. Shares are securities that represent part of the capital stock company and that their owners provide: Right to participate in governing society And the right to participate in the distribution of profit society. Corporate Governance made the appropriate authorities, which normally consists of: Assembly of the company (or General Meeting) steering committee Supervisory Board Director Assembly of shareholders is the body managing the company. The Steering Board is the body managing the company, elected by the General Meeting. Director of the company is a management function. He organized and led the company's operations and is responsible for his business success.

Limited Liability Company

Company Limited is a company to conduct business activities establishes legal or natural persons with previously established basic principal and risk members (partners) for the Company to the extent of their role in it. The difference is reflected in the fact that there are no actions, but not as expressed in the form of transferable securities to the value such as shares. Limited Liability Company may establish one or more legal or natural persons. Company profits are shared among members in proportion to the share, the same goes for the loss.

Public company
Public companies are in the group of state enterprises. According to the law on public companies these companies have 50% plus one share owned by the state and employment for more than 50 persons. Public companies engaged in activities of public interest. States define the conditions to be met by these companies in its operations. The aim of these regulations is to protect the wider.

Business systems in the economy

Related companies are parent and subsidiary, and company participation and mutual holding company. If an enterprise has a majority in another company or a significant share of capital or on the basis of the contract with another company has the right to appoint a majority or at least a quarter of members board of the company, this company considers home, and another company is dependent. Parent company with a majority of capital is a company that the parent company has more than 50% of equity. Parent company with a significant share of capital is a company which has at least 25% of equity according to the company. If you are head to head of equity is relatively the same, each company can only have up to 10% in the capital of another company. Holding (pure holding company) is a company that has owned shares or shares of the subsidiary, and primarily performs the management, acquisition of share capital in another company through the actions and activities to dispose of those securities. These connections are made to promote business and development, not profit. Business association established Memorandum of Association which regulates the name, time of establishment, purpose, activities, headquarters, management, representation, withdrawal of legal transactions, access and exclusion, property, surveillance, termination etc.

Companies law

Companies law (or the law of business associations) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. It is an establishment formed to carry on commercial enterprises. This includes corporations, partnerships and other associations which usually carry on some form of economic or charitable activity. The most prominent kind of company, usually referred to as a "corporation", is a "juristic person", i.e. it has separate legal personality, and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes, governed by corporate law. The largest companies are usually publicly listed on stock exchanges around the world. Even single individuals, also known as sole traders may incorporate themselves and limit their liability in order to carry on a business. All different forms of companies depend on the particular law of the particular country in which they reside. The law of business organizations originally derived from the common law of England, but has evolved significantly in the Twentieth century. In common law countries today, the most commonly addressed forms are:

Corporation Limited company Unlimited company Limited liability partnership Limited partnership Not-for-profit corporation Partnership Sole proprietorship

The proprietary limited company is a statutory business form in several countries, including Australia. Many countries have forms of business entity unique to that country, although there are equivalents elsewhere. Examples are the Limited-liability company (LLC) and the limited liability limited partnership (LLLP) in the United States. Other types of business organizations, such as cooperatives, credit unions and publicly owned enterprises, can be established with purposes that parallel, supersede, or even replace the profit maximization mandate of business corporations. For a country-by-country listing of officially recognized forms of business organization, see Types of business entity. There are various types of company that can be formed in different jurisdictions, but the most common forms of company are: A company limited by guarantee. Commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes, such as clubs or charities. The members guarantee the payment of certain (usually nominal) amounts if the company goes into insolvent liquidation, but otherwise they have no economic rights in relation to the company.

A company limited by guarantee with a share capital. A hybrid entity, usually used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes, but the activities of the company are partly funded by investors who expect a return.

A company limited by shares. The most common form of company used for business ventures.

An unlimited company either with or without a share capital. This is a hybrid company, a company similar to its limited company (Ltd.) counterpart but where the members or shareholders do not benefit from limited liability should the company ever go into formal liquidation.

There are, however, many specific categories of corporations and other business organizations which may be formed in various countries and jurisdictions throughout the world.

Literature:
Intermediate business English (2007)
9

Micro economy Dr Milenko Stanic (2007 )

www.wikipedia.com

Content:
Introduction1
10

Concept and types of companies.2 Types of companies.2-3 The property of the company3 The competent authorities of the company4 A partnership4 Limited partnership..5 Stock company..5-6 Limited Liability Company6 Public company6 Business systems in the economy.6-7 Companies' law.7-8-9 Literature.10

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