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Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean

Updated March 2012


Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Diesel

Petrol

Anguilla

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1998 Unleaded from 1998 Unleaded from 1999 1500 300 Imports petroleum products and oil. Diesel: 3 Qualities of Diesel (Gas Oil) are available on the market: Gas Oil G2: 1500 ppm Gas Oil G2: 500 ppm Gas Oil G3: 10 ppm (from June 2011 nationwide) Law 26.093 requires 5% biodiesel to be blended with st diesel fuel (from 1 Jan 2010). Looking at increasing this to 710%. From 1st July 2012, Gas Oil G2: 500 ppm should be available in all provincial capitals, Buenos

Inspection required before registration. Most cars imported from the US. No import restriction. There is an environmental tax for vehicles. Importation only of new vehicles allowed no second hand cars, although a few exceptions. As of 2012, new light-duty vehicles must comply with Euro 4 standards for diesel passenger vehicles, likewise for new diesel trucks and buses. I/M programs are implemented in 7 major cities in the country, with emission inspections beginning January 2008. Before 1990: Euro 0 1990: Euro 1 1997: EURO 2 2006: EURO 3 (New Models) 2007: EURO 3 ( All Models) 2009: EURO 4 (New Models) 2012 -2014: EURO 4 (All Models)

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina

Unleaded

Unleaded

2016 (30ppm)

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Aires, cities of Rosario, Mar del Plata y Baha Blanca. The resolution exempts the capitals of the Patagonia: Ushuaia, Rio Gallegos and Rawson. Gasoline: 300ppm available nationwide from 2012 and 50ppm in cities. 9 refineries Currently preparing the network for the availability of Automotive Liquid Urea required for Heavy Duty Engines equipped with SCR technology (NOX Reduction). No import restriction

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

All models active in 31/11/11 2012: EURO 3 New Vehicles: In discussion with National Government 2013: EURO 5 (New Models) 2015: EURO 5 (All Models) Some vehicles imported from Brazil. About 56% of passenger vehicles in Buenos Aires are diesel, 35% are petrol, and the rest are CNG.

Aruba

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1997 Unleaded from 1998 Unleaded from 2004 5000 1000

One refinery Lago, heavy sour crude oil. Imports oil for domestic processing of petrol. Imports fuel from Trinidad which refines Barbados oil. Barbados National Oil Co. Ltd. produces crude oil. Mobil Oil

Bahamas Barbados

Unleaded Unleaded

No import restriction Used vehicles must be less than four years old, and an environmental tax is paid on arrival. Introduction of electric and hybrid cars. Ethanol

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Barbados Ltd. refines oil. Belize Unleaded Unleaded from 2001 No refineries. Imports crude oil and petrol from US, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba. Oil found and being exported. Fuels are imported from US, Canada, Italy and UK

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

additive as 10% of gasoline planned, according to UNFCCC. No import restriction, although an environmental tax is paid on arrival. Indication of vehicle inspection system. No emission standards. Between 5-8% of vehicles run on butane.

Bermuda

Unleaded

Only new vehicles or less than six months old are allowed to be imported. Annual inspection required for all cars; extremely strict laws regarding transport. The density per square mile of motor traffic on the roads is the highest in the world more than 2,600 vehicles per square mile; mostly Japanese cars. Only one private four-wheeled vehicle per person or family or household unit is allowed. Presently, there is no limit on the number of mopeds or scooters a family may have.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Diesel: 2000ppm also available in the market 2 refineries; Both diesel fuel and petroleum gas are heavily subsidized by the government.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Bolivia

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1999

3000

50

Brazil

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1997

1800

1000

Diesel: 1,800ppm nationwide, rural areas. Metropolitan areas two types of Diesel 50 and 500ppm. The 50 ppm or EURO IV is used only for Public Transport, Bus services. The general public uses 500 ppm diesel. 500ppm planned for 2014 nationwide. 13 refineries (2 private, 11 state owned Petrobras).

On December 3 2009, Bolivia issued a Supreme Decree 29836 prohibiting the importation of older used cars and of smaller diesel vehicles in an effort to limit both government fuel subsidies and pollution. Prohibits the importation of used cars more than 5 years old, of diesel vehicles with engines smaller than 4,000 cubic centimeters, and of all vehicles that use liquefied petroleum gas. By 2010, the decree prohibits the importation of used cars more than 4 years old and after two years bans the importation of used cars more than 3 years old. Indication of vehicle inspection system. Importation of used vehicles is banned, as is import of diesel vehicles. Imported vehicles must meet Euro 4 standards. Catalytic converters required on all imported vehicles. Vehicle emissions standards set by IBAMA, based on Euro standards: Euro 2 implemented in 1993, Euro 3 in 2008 (equivalent to PROCONVE IV standard), and Euro 4 in 2009. LDV: Fase L-5 (NLEV) 2009

rd

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
USD 6 billion refinery upgrade planned to produce low-sulfur diesel 50ppm for all trucks and buses in the country's 14 largest cities by 2012 and to 10ppm by 2013 for urban areas. February 2011, the Environment Ministry unveiled Brazil's first national inventory of vehicular pollution. The inventory, from 1980 to 2009 found that diesel fuel, which emits large amounts of sulfur, was the main source of vehicular emissions. Biofuels: 55% of all fuel is ethanol. All new Brazilian cars are equipped with "flex-fuel" engines. 15 billion gallons, or 10% of all fuel sold by 2015. Total use of biofuels could grow to 20% by 2022. From

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

L-6 in 2014-2015 ) HDV: Euro 3 Euro 4 from 2013 February 2011, the Environment Ministry unveiled Brazil's first national inventory of vehicular pollution. The country's 27 states are expected to use the inventory's guidelines and methodology to draft mandatory plans to control vehicle emissions. In 2011, program established that gives new vehicles a single rating covering both fuel consumption and emissions of air pollutants, including carbon dioxide. By 2012, annual statewide vehicular inspections required, with nonrenewal of registrations if cars do not pass or under-go inspections. Currently Rio de Janeiro only state with mandatory annual vehicle emissions inspections. Vehicle labeling system developed, it is currently voluntary.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Jan 2010, Brazil's National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) will require all diesel fuel in the country to contain 5 % biofuel. Cayman Islands (BVI) Unleaded Unleaded from 1999 5000 Diesel: Currently between 1000 to 5000ppm Esso and Chevron only licensed companies. Caribbean Utilities Company CUC is the largest buyer thus dictates the grade of diesel fuel at the pumps Chile Unleaded Unleaded from April 2001 50 30 Achieved (Jan 2010) Diesel: 50ppm nationwide (from1st Jan 2010). 15ppm in the metropolitan areas (from Jan 2011). Gasoline: 15ppm metropolitan areas Biofuels: Blending of biofuels with gasoline or diesel fuel is voluntary in Chile [D.S. No. No import restriction, although an environmental tax is paid on arrival. Roadworthiness inspection certificate required for registration, and yearly after that.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Importation of used vehicles is banned. Emissions testing program started in 1994 - annual and roadside inspections. HDV - Euro 3 standards LDV - Euro 5 Incentives for hybrid vehicles. Vehicle labeling system developed. From 1 Jan 2010, all the new public transport buses

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
11/08]. Only 2% or 5% blends of ethanol in gasoline or biodiesel in diesel fuel are allowed. USD 1 billion investment planned in upgrades; 2 state owned refineries ENAP Colombia Unleaded Unleaded from 1999 500 300 2014 Diesel: 500ppm nationwide (from 1st Jan 2010). 50ppm for Bogot and the Nationwide Public Transport System (from 1st Jan 2010). 58% of the diesel consumed in the country is imported, 42% produced locally. Colombia exports 40% of the national production of diesel. Gasoline : 300ppm gasoline nationwide since Dec 2010 -

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

entering the metropolitan area must meet Euro III standard with particulate filters (DPF) from the factory. In-use petrol vehicles have to meet I/M limits of 0.5% CO and 100ppm HC; diesel light-duty cars must meet PM limit of 0.125 g/km; loading testing of diesel trucks undertaken.

Importation of used vehicles is banned. Imported vehicles must be of that same year and catalytic converters required on all imported vehicles. Resolution 910 of 2008 sets standards for diesel and petrol vehicles that match EURO II. Resolution 2604 of 2009 establishes emission standards for vehicles, public passenger transport which coincides with EURO IV. I/M programme has yet to be made operational, according to USEPA. Light-duty petrol vehicles must conform to emissions standards roughly equivalent to that of

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
sold with 10% ethanol. 100% of the gasoline consumed in the country is produced locally. USD 4.5 million investment planned for 2 state refineries ECOPETROL

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

USEPA 1988 standards. New vehicles must comply with Euro 1; heavy-duty diesel vehicles must comply with equivalent of USEPA 1994 standards for buses and 1991 standards for other vehicles. New buses must comply with Euro 2, other new heavy duty vehicles with Euro 1. Bogota will phase out the use of motorcycles and other vehicles with two-stroke engines under rd Resolution 2394 that took effect on May 3 2011. This prohibits motorcycles and other vehicles with two-stroke engines larger than 50 cubic centimeters from circulating in the city between the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. and 8 st p.m. As of September 1 2011, two-stroke vehicles built before 2001 will be banned from use in the city. By January 1, 2012, no two-stroke vehicle built before 2005 may be driven in the city. As of July 1, 2012, all two-stroke vehicles will be banned from use in Colombia's capital. There are incentives for cleaner vehicles subsidies /reduced taxes.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicles replacing or entering the public passenger transport systems must use clean technologies. Colombia is hoping to start implementation of Euro 4 heavy-duty emission standards starting in 2014 when the 50ppm sulfur diesel fuel is available nationwide. 9.46 Lt/100km for LDVs Started ethanol programme in 2002. In 2004, 10.8% of the total emissions of greenhouse gases were generated by land transport. In Bogot, the capital, 44% of the emissions of particulate matter was from mobile sources.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Achieved (Jan 2011) Diesel: January 2011, 50ppm nationwide. 15 ppm target by the end of 2014. The national refinery (RECOPE) is in charge of all fuel importation. Costa Rica does not produce petroleum, although there are a number of bio-fuel operations. All fuel is imported, mainly from Mexico and Venezuela. RECOPE refines about 30% of the national consumption, importing the rest already refined. New refinery to be built together with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), USD$ 1.2billion. This will triple the processing of crude oil in the country.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Costa Rica

Unleaded

Banned leaded petrol from 1996

50

1000

Imported vehicles must pass EPA Smog Test signed off by local consulate; all imported vehicles must have catalytic converters. No import age limits. There is an I/M program being implemented operated by a private company RTV. Public transport and taxis tested twice per year. Several proposals have been made to restrict the importation of used vehicles, none successful. Estimate >80% of the fleet >10yr old.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Has some oil reserves and produces petrol. Dependant on oil imports from neighboring countries and Venezuela. Imports its fuel.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Cuba

Unleaded

Unleaded from 2005

8000

1200

Dominica

Unleaded

Dominican Republic

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1998

7500

1500

Net importer of petrol, 75% comes from Venezuela, rest from Colombia and Mexico. Proposal for 50ppm limit 2 Refineries on the island.

High proportion of old American (pre-1959) and Russian cars; new imports from China. Imported used vehicles must be less than four years old (by date of manufacture, not model year). Inspection system started in 2001. No import restrictions, but environmental levy must be paid on arrival (varies for new and vehicles over 5 years old). Considering a vehicle emission testing program. Engines must be < 2000cc and maximum of 6 cylinders; otherwise subject to high 'luxury' car tax. Have import age limits. No I/M program exists. Program planned to be implemented by 2012. Cars <5 yrs only allowed.

Ecuador

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1998

7000

2000

500ppm fuel available in Quito and Cuenca. Plans for national reduction to 500ppm in 2009 delayed USD 1 billion investment required to reach 50ppm diesel and petrol.

Importation of used vehicles is banned. Models from 2000 and newer cars must have catalytic converters. New light-duty petrol vehicles must conform to emissions standards roughly equivalent to that of USEPA 1987 standards or Euro 1; new heavy-duty diesel vehicles must comply with equivalent of USEPA 1994 standards or Euro 2.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
3 refineries. Member of OPEC The government stated that sulfur content of diesel and gasoline used in the automotive sector will be reduced by 2015. (Petroecuador, Marco Calvopia) El Salvador Unleaded Unleaded from 1997 5000 1000 Petroleum products imported from Ecuador, Chile, the US, and the Caribbean. Plan to decrease to 500ppm by 2010 delayed. No refineries

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Emission testing program run by CORPAIRE, a mixed public/private institution.

Import requires proof that vehicle complies with emission control requirements; vehicles must be manufactured after 1995. Used vehicles must be inspected. Import tax is collected. Petrol vehicles should be equipped with catalytic converters. New cars must be equipped with catalytic converters. Inspection required before registration; environmental levy on vehicles depending on age.

French Guiana Grenada

Unleaded

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1998

Petrol imported from Venezuela.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Has oil reserves and produces fuel for both export and local market. Plan to have maximum 500ppm diesel and petrol by 2010 delayed No refineries

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Guatemala

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1997

5000

1000

No import restriction. Imported new vehicles have a higher tax rate. I/M program cancelled according to USEPA.

Guyana

Unleaded

Banned leaded petrol from January 1999 Banned leaded petrol from 1998 Unleaded from 1997 5000 1000

No import restriction. UNFCCC documents suggest a 5 year age maximum for cars and 3 year maximum for heavy vehicles; Guyana starting ethanol production. As of 2004, Guyana EPA and Bureau of Standards were developing emissions standards. No import restriction

Haiti

Unleaded

Refined petroleum products are imported. Exxon, Royal Dutch Shell, and Texaco operate petrol stations in Haiti. Imports its fuel. Plan to decrease to 500ppm by 2010 delayed

Honduras

Unleaded

Used private vehicles must be less than seven years old. Indication of an inspection system. Most new car sales are Japanese cars. Buses and public transport vehicles<10yrs, all other vehicles<7yrs. Emission limits for imports are more stringent than for existing vehicles

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Imports part of its fuel. Petrojam refinery produces diesel oil, unleaded petrol and some bioethanol. 2015 Diesel: 15ppm available in the Northern border region (since Jan 2007) in the 3 major metro areas (Mexico City, Guadelajara and Monterrey), since Jan 2009. Rest of country planned to go 50ppm by end of 2009, however - PEMEX has not complied with timeline - next deadline is by March 2015 - 3.9% diesel imported Gasoline: 80ppm max (Premium UBA) available nationwide (from Oct 2006) 30ppm (Regular, Magna) available in the 3 major metro

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Jamaica

Unleaded

Unleaded from April 2000

5000

1500

Mexico

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1996

500

80

Used vehicles must be less than three years old (from date of manufacture). Inspection system in place; 2004 legislation will privatize system. Incentives to import diesel cars (to increase fleet portion from 14% to 30%). Vehicles must be minimum 5 years old (and max of 10 years), must have a gasoline engine, and must be equipped with a catalytic converter. Since 1993, heavy-duty diesel vehicles must meet one of these standards: US 1998, US 2004, Euro 3, or Euro 4. All LDVs must meet US Tier 1, except on NOx (levels vary) and PM (applies only to diesel). Dec 2009 tax duty reduced to 1% for used cars imported into Border States I&M programs exist in the ZMVM zone. From 2011 only hybrid vehicles will be included in clean vehicles with incentives in this region. Further incentives for cleaner vehicles to be published 2010 PECC

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
areas (Mexico City, Guadelajara and Monterrey)(since Dec 2009). 30ppm nationwide planned end 2013 40% of gasoline imported 6 refineries plans to upgrade. PEMEX monopoly. Non-OPEC Montserrat Nicaragua Unleaded Unleaded Leaded petrol not produced from 1996 Leaded petrol banned from 2002 5000 1000 Net importer of fuel from Venezuela. One refinery. Plan to have maximum 500ppm fuel by 2010 - delayed Almost all fuel is imported. Diesel: 500ppm available distributed by Colombian company Terpel Most cars are from Japan, most buses and trucks from the US or UK. Used vehicles must be less than ten years old and must pass emissions test before registration. Nicaragua considering phase-in of an I/M program to start with new cars then phase in older ones. Used vehicles must be inspected Imported vehicles must past emissions test before registration. No age limits. Expected to have I/M program implemented in 2010.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Currently no vehicle labelling system for fuel efficiency (2010) Average age of vehicle fleet 9 years. 16.2% of CO2 is from the tansport sector (2006) INE

Panama

Unleaded

3000

1000

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
No refineries PDVSA major provider of fuels. 78% of vehicles are diesel and 22% gasoline or flex Peru Unleaded Unleaded from 2005 5000 2000 Diesel: Government decree of July 2005 provides for reduction to 50ppm metropolitan, 1500 nationwide diesel as of 2010 still to be confirmed. Only Lima and Callao are st 50ppm from March 1 2010. 7 refineries, USD 1 billion required for upgrades. USD $330 million loan from World Bank to assist

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Paraguay

Unleaded

Unleaded from 2000

5000

1000

Importation of used vehicles must be less than 10 years. There are emission standards but no real enforcement. Resolution from SEAM. National Law on Technical Vehicle Inspection. Subsidies for importation of cleaner vehicles (flex fuel). Passenger vehicles must be less than five years old, commercial vehicles less than eight years old. 32,494 second hand LDVs imported in 2007 Bus Patrn in the city center will transport 40% of passengers in Lima. Will adhere to the Euro 4 standard. The buses are scheduled to begin operations in January 2013, and will run on the main routes of Lima. I/M programs in certain cities, according to USEPA. Local new source reports of WAP-enabled vehicle inspection through mobile phones. No incentives for cleaner vehicles.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
Achieved US current fuel standards used.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Puerto Rico

Unleaded

Unleaded from 1999 Unleaded from 1998 Unleaded from August 2000 Unleaded from 2000 Unleaded from 2001 Unleaded from 2004

15

15

St Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

Unleaded

Net importer of fuel (mainly diesel). Imports all its fuel. Plans to construct a refinery. Net importer of fuel from US and Venezuela.

No import restriction. Annual inspection required for all vehicles more than two years old, includes emissions test and follows US emission standards. No import restriction, but environmental levy to be paid, depending on vehicle age. Roadworthiness inspection program started in 2003.

Unleaded

St Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago

Unleaded

Unleaded

5000

300

Net importer of fuel. Own reserves of oil, produces diesel and petrol. Petrotrin plans 3 year investments to launch low sulphur fuel production.

Used vehicles must be less than five years old.

Unleaded

1500

500

No import restriction Indication of vehicle inspection system

Turks and Caicos Islands

Unleaded

Indication of vehicle inspection system

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
2013 Diesel: 50ppm diesel, planned for late 2012 nationally - after refinery upgrades completed. (90% less sulfur than current standards) 70% of the fuel used in Uruguay is diesel. Gasoline: 30ppm petrol planned for late 2012 nationwide Plans to establish a biodiesel plant and an ethanol plant in the country. 1 refinery La Teja Venezuela Unleaded Unleaded from 2006 2000 1500 Diesel: 2000ppm diesel Gasoline: 400ppm petrol was planned for 2010, - Still to verify Importation of used vehicles is banned. Emissions testing in certain areas, with fines for violators.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Uruguay

Unleaded

Unleaded from 2003, (ARPEL)

7000

700

Importation of used vehicles is banned, new vehicles musty meet Euro 3 standard. Indication of vehicle inspection system Average age of vehicle fleet 17 years.

Status of Fuel Quality and Vehicle Emission Standards: Latin America and the Caribbean
Updated March 2012
Country Lead Current Comments Status Sulphur max allowable by law Target date set Comments for 50ppm and below diesel nationwide
5 refineries. Member of OPEC Only 20% of oil production is light, announced in September 2009 that it would invest $17bn to improve facilities to refine its large reserves of ultra-heavy oil. Virgin Islands Unleaded Unleaded from 1998 15 15 Achieved 15ppm USA diesel rule 500ppm non-road sulphur limit are applied. No import restriction.

Diesel

Petrol

Vehicle Emission Standards, Light Duty Passenger

Total: 42 countries

Sources of Information UNEP National Questionnaires National Ministries Fuel distributor and producer websites Trade publications Delphi 2010/2011 Vehicle Standards Booklet Michael Walsh CarLines APS Review Downstream Trends 2009 http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Venezuelan+Oil+Refining+Sector.-a0212227776 http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntl72640.htm ARPEL February 2007 presentation by Jos Flix Garca, http://www.unep.org/pcfv/PDF/FundamentalsFuels-ING.pdf ARPEL July 26, 2005 Personal Correspondence Background Data Collection on Bio-Energy in the Caribbean and Central America, Energy Security group, December 2006 Warren M., CAMACOL 2008, Toyota Motor North America Battelle USEPA Clean Fuels and Vehicles Recommendations Plan for Central America and the Dominican Republic, July 2009 1 Inventrio Nacional de Emisses Atmosfricas por Veculos Automotores Rodovirios, Ministry of Environment Brasil. Coalition for Clean Air, Brasil correspondence to UNEP Energy Information Administration (US), http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/contents.html George A. Rabchevsky, The mineral industry of other Caribbeans. Chris Kraul, Brazil raises cane over U.S. ethanol tariff latimes.com/business/la-fi-biofuels4-2009nov04,0,2435171.story International Fuel Quality Center ifqc@ifqc.org Flash Report : Peru - Two Month 50 ppm Diesel Phase-in Period Instituted INE- Mexico - PCFV national surveys July 2010 Marcelo Fernndez G. Control de Contaminacin Atmosfrica, Santiago-Chile, Jan 2010 SEMARNAT Shurna Robbins, article in The Observer on Sunday - Cayman http://www.observeronsunday.com/article.php?id=8630 Peckham, Jack, Diesel Fuel News http://www.allbusiness.com/energy-utilities/oil-gas-industry-oiltransmission-trade/11768609-1.html

http://www.walshcarlines.com/

J. Kubsh, Manufacturers of Emission Controls Assoc. (MECA)

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