A Guide for Visitors

Thomas Jefferson
1743 1760 1764 1769 1770 1772 1775 1776
Born April 13 at Shadwell. Enters College of William and Mary. Inherits 3,000 acres along the Rivanna River. Becomes member of House of Burgesses. Begins construction of Monticello. Takes up residence at Monticello. Marries Martha Wayles Skelton, a 23-year-old widow. Attends Second Continental Congress. Drafts Declaration of Independence which is adopted July 4. Serves in Virginia House of Delegates. Elected Governor of Virginia. Wife Martha dies. Elected to Congress. Begins diplomatic service in France. Returns to United States. Appointed first U.S. secretary of state. Elected vice president under John Adams. Elected third president on 36th ballot in House of Representatives. Commissions Lewis & Clark expedition. Concludes Louisiana Purchase. Re-elected president. Retires to Monticello. Sells personal library to Library of Congress. Designs and plans University of Virginia. Dies July 4, 50th anniversary of signing of Declaration of Independence.

J EFFERSON & M
Center are designed to enhance (1743-1826), theorist of the visits to Jeffersons Monticello. American Revolution, The lm thomas drafted the Declaration of jeffersons world, Independence. The ideals shown in the Theater on of the Declaration that the courtyard level, focuses on all men are created equal Jeffersons principal and have a right to achievements, life, liberty, and the his fundamenpursuit of happital ideas, and ness established his lasting the foundations of global inuence. self-government and The lm also individual freedom in evocatively depicts America. Jeffersons words of Jeffersons life and the 1776 still inspire people around activities of the people the world today. who lived and worked at The lm and exhibiMonticello. Above, Thomas Jefferson tions in the Thomas Monticello, by French sculptor JeanJefferson Visitor Center which means Antoine Houdon, 1789. and Smith Education little mounGift of Gilder Lehrman Colection. tain in Italian, was a house, an ornamental landscape, a diverse community that included as many as 140 enslaved men, women, and children, and a plantation. The monticello

Thomas jefferson

thomas jefferson visitor center a

1777 1779 1782 1783 1784 1789 1790 1796 1801 1803 1804 1809 1815 1817 1826

plantation model in the

Touch screens are a feature of the interactive exhibition Boisterous Sea of Liberty.

courtyard provides an overview of Jeffersons 5,000-acre holdings. This touchable bronze scale model shows Monticellos elds,

M ONTICELLO
woodlands, and waterways, and the sites of slave dwellings, plantation industries, farm buildings, and the main house. The four exhibitions in the Robert H. and Clarice Smith Gallery offer additional perspectives. Jefferson is famous for what John Adams called his felicity of expression. Jefferson corresponded with hundreds of people during his lifetime and left more than 19,000 surviving letters. Some 200 quotations by Jefferson on a range of topics from government and Jeffersons draft of education to the the Declaration of Independence, 1776. arts and science Library of Congress. are projected in light in the words of thomas jefferson, an interactive installation. Proclaiming that the right to liberty was self-evident, the Declaration introduced a new age.

r and smith education center

...all my wishes end, where I hope my days will end, at Monticello.

monticello: jeffersons essay in architecture

revolutionary ideas thomas jefferson, about liberty and their impact over time. This imageand idea-rich interactive display on 21 screens describes the struggle to create a nation based on movement that promoted human individual freedom and the equal reason, knowledge, and inquiry rights of man. and how they could improve the Jefferson designed every aspect human condition. Jefferson used of Monticello, an icon of American Monticello as his laboratory. The architecture and a World Heritage exhibition monticello as site. The exhibition making

experiment: to try all things

thomas jefferson and the boisterous sea of liberty dramatically presents

the development of Jeffersons

features more than 200 original objects from Monticellos collection tells the complex plus models and interacstory of Jeffersons tive animations that reveal evolving design how Jefferson applied the for Monticello latest thinking to make life over its more than and labor more productive 40-year construcand efcient. tion. Drawings, Getting in touch with four models, books, Jeffersons times is possible Jeffersons original Hands-on activity in the in the griffin drafting instruGriffin Discovery Room. discovery room, ments, tools, and an animation of the building process located on the lower level of the Smith Education Center. Designed describe Monticellos design, special for children ages 6 to 11, this handsfeatures, and the workmen free on activity space offers replicas of and enslaved who carried out objects found in the house and on the Jeffersons architectural vision. plantation, such as Jeffersons polyJeffersons thinking and actions graph machine, workmens tools, and were inuenced by the ideas of the mastodon bones. Enlightenment, the 18th-century

architecture
The rst Monticello was a two-story, eightan architect, relying on observation room house. Although and books, especially the Italian it included the kinds of architect Andrea Palladios Four rooms typically found Books of Architecture (1570), which in Virginia plantation promoted a universal architectural vocabulary based on the buildings of houses, the outward appearance revealed ancient Rome. thomas jefferson, c. Jeffersons reliance In 1768 Jefferson began leveling on Palladios rules of the Monticello mountaintop for a classical architecture. house. Thus began a 40-year period of the rst oor. They also constructA French visitor of design, construction, ed a dome over the west front, the in 1782 noted that and remodeling to create rst on an American house. Inside Jefferson was the his essay in architecture. rst American who and out, Jefferson incorporated deThe house is extraordinary, sign elements from famous buildings has consulted the not only in design, but in of antiquity. By making references to Fine Arts to know the unique way Jefferson ancient Rome, Jefferson was suggesthow he should related it to the landscape ing connections between the young shelter himself by incorporating open-air from the weather. American republic and the Roman living spaces, most notably republic. The exterior was the L-shaped terraces that The house and the mostly nished by serve as extensions of the South Terrace. 1784, when Jefferson main oor. sailed for France, where he served for ve years as American minister. Levy Family Stewardship In 1796, inspired by modern neoclassical houses he had seen in Monticello was fortunate in that its postJefferson owners maintained the house Paris, Jefferson began without major structural changes. Dr. James transforming Barclay of Charlottesville bought the property sky Monticello into from Jeffersons heirs light in 1831 and sold it three a three-story, years later to Uriah 21-room structure. Phillips Levy, a Jewish His free white and parlor U.S. Navy officer who tea room dining room admired Jefferson for his slave craftsmen views on religious freeremoved the upper dom. Levy died in 1862, story, extended the north and the house fell into piazza east front, and credisrepair during the Civil War and its aftermath. ated a new second Commodore Uriah In 1879, Commodore level for bedrooms Phillips Levy. Levys nephew Jefferson storage wine within the height Monroe Levy took possession of the propcellar cellar
erty and used it as a summer residence. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation purchased Monticello from Jefferson Monroe Levy in 1923.

Jefferson taught himself to be

...putting up, and pulling down, one of my favourite amusements.

dome ro

H OUSE & F URNISHINGS

retired in 1809, the remodeling of Monticello was largely complete. Few aspects of the houses design and decoration escaped Jeffersons attention. Design for drapery. He selected virtually all of Monticellos furnishings, even window draperies. While living in France, Jefferson acquired luxury goods Monticellos Parlor, showing the range of in Paris and London, includfurnishings and large number of paintings. ing upholstery fabrics, furniture, ceramics, silver, and scientic Philadelphia, and New York. In his instruments. After his return to retirement, Jefferson designed furAmerica, 86 crates of goods folniture made by Monticellos skilled lowed him home. Jefferson also enslaved cabinetmakers. purchased furniture from cabinetThe main oor of Monticello makers in Williamsburg, contains 11 rooms. The rst room most visitors saw was the hall, where Jefferson created a museum. me room With the display, Jefferson sought to demonstrate that North America could hold its own with Europe. sky light Exhibits included maps, European art, bones, horns, bed closet room and skins of jeffersons chamber extinct and living North American south piazza animals, and (green cabinet house) Native American objects given by
ware room beer cellar storage cellar

By the time Jefferson

western tribes to Lewis and Clark. In the parlor with its elegant parquet oor, Jeffersons family and their guests gathered to read, converse, and play games and musical instruments. Jeffersons catalog indicates that 48 works of art lled the room. Many of these were portraits of men who inspired or inuenced Jefferson, notably, his trinity of the three greatest men the world has ever produced, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and John Locke.

Jefferson displayed items reflecting his interests and achievements in Monticellos Hall.

Section of the west side of the house by Floyd E. Johnson, 1986.

The dining room and the adjacent tea room provided graceful accommodation for the two meals served daily, breakfast and dinner. Jeffersons years in France

Jeffersons Cabinet contained a polygraph, or machine for copying letters.

years. Their only surviving child, Martha Jefferson Randolph, moved her household from her husbands nearby plantation to live with her father. She was the mother of eight children at the time, and would give birth to three more between 1810 and 1818. Jeffersons apartment, called by one guest his sanctum sanctorum, comprised a book room or library, two louvered

scholarly pursuits, including using instruments for observing, measuring, and recording nature. The Book Room housed much of his nearly 7,000-volume library, one of the best in North America. The two upper oors of the house contained nine bedrooms

west portico

heavily inuenced parlor Monticellos cuisine. dining tea containing an room room James Hemings, a slave, aviary, a cabiaccompanied Jefferson net or study, to Paris and trained as and a doublehall a chef. Daniel Webster, height sky-lit bed who dined at Monticello book room room bedroom, in 1824, described the east with an alcove dinner as served in half porch portico bed linking it Thomas Jefferson Virginian, half French to the Cabinet. style, in good taste and painted by Gilbert Stuart, 1805 (detail). The alcove bed abundance. was a spaceThe private rooms on the used by Martha Randolph and her saving aspect of French house main oor included Jeffersons family. They are accessible by two design that Jefferson adopted when suite, two guest bedrooms, steep, narrow stairhe remodeled and a sitting cases designed by Monticello, room used by Jefferson for econoadding Jeffersons daughmies of space and alcoves in ter as her ofce almost every money. The dome and schoolroom bedroom. room on the third for her children. In the oor was used at When Jefferson Book Room times as a bedroom retired in 1809, his and Cabinet, and storeroom. wife, Martha, had Jefferson been dead for 27 In the Tea Room, wrote letters, Jeffersons family read, and and guests enjoyed engaged in Silver coffee tea, dessert, a number of urn designed
cabinet jeffersons chamber green house sitting room

outdoor porches, a greenhouse

porch

by Jefferson and made in France, 1787-88.

and wine in the evenings.

bed room

north piazza

dependencies
Monticello was under construction. He design for Monticello and his wife, Martha, brought together started their married spaces for working, life in the pavilions upliving, and storage per room in 1772. The beneath the main The north wall of north pavilion, house, terraces, and Monticellos Kitchen. completed in 1808, was pavilions. These used at one time as a study by spaces included a wash house, carriage bays, an ice house, two privies, Jeffersons son-in-law, Thomas Mann Randolph. a wine cellar and other storage Restoration of the dependencies cellars, a kitchen, a smokehouse, a is under way. The north privy dairy, and three rooms for slaves. was one of six known necessaries. These dependencies, or areas for The pit under the seat connects to a domestic work, served as points sink that opens in the hillside. The of intersection between Jeffersons beer cellar shows the bottling family and enslaved people, and process. Jeffersons earliest designs were instrumental to the functionfor his plantation included spaces ing of the house. They for brewing and storing were concealed south pavilion beer, a popular beverin the hillside to cellar age in early America. avoid obstructdairy Exhibited in the storing the landscape age cellar are large around the house. slave qtr casks for cider, beer, and The south wine. Large quantities pavilion at slave qtr of apples were pressed the end of the The Cooks Room, for cider, fermented in terrace was re-created in 2001 casks, and bottled. The the rst buildto show how an kitchen was among ing erected on enslaved family the mountaintop. might have lived. Jefferson lived cooks room there from November 1770, while the rst
smokehouse storage cellar beer cellar south cellar passage south privy ware room storage cellar kitchen wine cellar

Jeffersons unique

South Dependency wing, completed in 1809.

A view down the South Cellar Passage.

north cellar passage

ice house

Historic plan of the Dependencies.

north privy

stables

carriage house

the best equipped in Virginia, with French copper cookware. The enslaved cooks worked on a multiple-burner charcoal-red stew stove that enabled them to prepare dishes in the French manner. After 1809, the cooks room was north likely the home of cook pavilion cellar Edith Fossett; her husband, blacksmith Joseph Fossett; and their children.

JOINERY CHIMNEY

SOUTH ORCHARD MULBERRY ROW VINEYARD VEGETABLE GARDEN GARDEN PAVILION LEVY GRAVESITE BERRY SQUARES RESTROOMS GARDENS & GROUNDS TOUR START HERE VINEYARD SOUTH CELLAR PASSAGE SOUTH PAVILION AND TERRACE

RESTROOMS

PLANTATION COMMUNITY TOURS START HERE

SHUTTLE STO EAST WALK; HOUSE TOURS START HERE

ILLUSTRATION BY EMMANUEL DIDIER

PATH TO JEFFERSONS GRAVE AND VISITOR PARKING

GROVE

FLOWER WALK WEST LAWN

NS & TOURS HERE

NORTH PAVILION AND TERRACE

FIRST ROUNDABOUT

NORTH CELLAR PASSAGE

STOP

www.monticello.org
BY ER

SEE MORE OF MONTICELLO

M ULBER R Y R OW
and log buildings. Mulberry Row changed over time to accommodate Mulberry Row to refer to a 1,000foot-long section of the roundabout the varying needs of Monticellos conthat encircled the house and immedi- struction and Jeffersons household ate grounds. In the 1770s, he planted and manufacturing initiatives. In 1796, there were 17 structures; because most mulberry trees along this stretch. In their shade, enslaved, free, and inden- of them were wooden, little survives. tured workers and craftsmen lived and worked in small stone, frame,

6 Blacksmith Shop/Nailery
A blacksmith shop was built here about 1793. Here Smith George, Moses Hern, and Joseph Fossett shoed horses; repaired plows, hoes, and gun parts; and made the iron portions of the carriages Jefferson designed. Neighboring farmers also brought work to the shop; the blacksmiths received a small percentage of the profits. In 1794 Jefferson added a nailmaking operation, with as many as 14 male slaves, ages 10 to 16, hammering nail rod into nails.

Jefferson used the term

Nail rod bundle from the Nailery.

1 2 4 3 5

1 Workmens House
This stone building (today used for administrative offices) was built in the 1770s to house white workmen hired to lay brick and make woodwork for the first Monticello. After a period of occupation by enslaved house servants, a new set of joiners and masons took up residence in the 1790s while Monticello was remodeled. This building may have been the site of textile manufacture after 1815, with a dozen women and girls making cloth for slaves from cotton, wool, flax, and hemp.

2 Log Dwelling
This is the site of one of five log dwellings for slaves on Mulberry Row in 1796. The cabin, 20 by 12 feet with an earth floor and wooden chimney, occupied the site of a cabin built in the 1770s. Archaeological excavations uncovered the cabin foundations, two sub-floor pits used for storage, and thousands of discarded artifacts.

Pearlware tea saucer from the Smokehouse/Dairy.

Apothecary jar purchased in Paris c.1785, excavated from a slave quarter.

7 Joinery
An 1809 inventory indicates that the joinery was one of Virginias best-equipped woodworking shops. The foundation and chimney are all that survive. Here, skilled white and enslaved joiners created some of the finest architectural woodwork in Virginia. The joiners also made furniture for Monticello, some of which is displayed in the house. James Dinsmore and John Neilson taught their skills to Monticello slaves, notably John Hemings. After 1809, when the white workmen left, Hemings and other black artisans carried on the joinerys exceptional work.

8 Carpenters Shop
In 1796 Jefferson identified the building at this site as a carpenters shop, noting it contained stored wood.

Gaming piece (left) and dominoes.

9 Sawpit
For his building operations Jefferson purchased readysawn timber or used boards prepared by slaves. This was the site of sawing until 1813, when Jefferson had a sawmill built on the Rivanna River.

Cowrie shells and coins were worn by slaves as ornaments.

8 9

3 Stone Dwelling

4 Smokehouse/Dairy
In 1790 Jefferson instructed his steward to erect two 12-foot-square log smokehouses flanking a room to be used as a dairy. These later were replaced by the smokehouse and dairy in the South Dependencies. Because each adult slave at Monticello received a half-pound of meat a week, raising hogs and smoking pork were important activities.

5 Storehouse

ILLUSTRATION BY GB MCINTOSH

(Levy Gravesite)

This site was first occupied by a log wash house. In 1808 a stone slave house was erected. In 1839 its site became the grave of Rachel Phillips Levy, mother of Uriah Phillips Levy, then Monticellos owner.

Cow scapula and button blanks.

In 1796 Jefferson recorded that the log building here was used for storing iron and nail rod for the blacksmith shop and nailery. It also served over time for tinsmithing and nail manufacture and as a dwelling. A slave named Isaac Jefferson, trained as a tinsmith in Philadelphia, briefly operated the tin shop.

Monticello slave Isaac Jefferson (photo c.1847).

Tin cup found on Mulberry Row.

T HE P LANTATION
when grain prices were on the rise, had a panoramic view of a plantaJefferson and most of his neighbors tion stretching made wheat the almost four miles principal staple crop. from one boundThis change to a Jefferson raised Spanish Merino ary to the other. diversied grain and sheep for their prized wool. Jefferson divided livestock operation his plantation into accorded with cessful tobacco sale left little time separate farms run Jeffersons views on for raising livestock and secondary by resident overthe slovenly business crops. seers who directed of tobacco ma For a three-year period in the the labor of ening. He recognized 1790s, Jefferson focused his attenslaved men, women, that the repetitive tion on his farms, calling himself and children. Most rotation of tobacco the most ardent farmer in the state. of Jeffersons slaves and corn had ruined Inspired by agricultural reformers, came to him by his soil and that the he tried out new crops and machinJeffersons record of slaves on inheritance 20 year-round attention ery, developed his moldboard of Monticello home farm, 1774. from his father and required for a sucleast resistance for a plow, and 135 from his fatherin-law. In 1782 he was the largest university of virginia slaveholder in Albemarle County. For most of his life he was the owner of 200 slaves, two-thirds of them at Monticello and one-third charlottesville at Poplar Forest, his plantation in montalto Bedford County. rivanna Besides the river Monticello home farm of Monticello mountain, there were three quarter farms Lego Tufton Tufton to the east, and Lego and Shadwell ( Jeffersons Shadwell Apple variety birthplace) across grown at the Rivanna River to Monticello. n the north. Jefferson milton initially raised tobacco as his main cash crop and Indian corn as food MAP BY DEREK WHEELER for man and beast. By the 1790s, Jeffersons Monticello plantation.

From his mountaintop, Jefferson

half-pound of meat, some salted inaugurated a system of crop herring, and occasionally salt and rotation to restore the fertility of milk. They received a set of cloththe soil. ing every summer and winter, and With over 1,000 acres cleared a blanket every three years. No for crop cultivation, the Monticello furnishings for their cabins, except plantation was the scene of varied for certain cooking utensils, were activities. Almost every working day, enslaved men and women guided horse- or mule-driven plows across the landscape to prepare the ground or to weed growing crops. Spring brought plantings of clover, corn, eld peas, and oats; wheat and rye were sown in the fall. In June a team of more than 60 men, women, and children harvested wheat Iron Slaves hoeing tobacco ground near from 40-acre sickle Fredericksburg, Virginia, sketched by elds. Enslaved blade. Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1798. men and boys tended ocks of provided. Jeffersons slaves devoted sheep or hogs and cattle much of their free time to augin fattening pens, and menting these allotments. They there was a steady trafc kept gardens and poultry yards, of carts and wagons full of raising extra vegetables and chickfodder, rewood, and sacks of ens to sell to Jeffersons household; grain along the plantation roads. they shed and hunted to suppleFrom 1807, two mills Jefferson had ment their diets; they made constructed at Shadwell produced furniture and clothing for their cornmeal and our. own use and other items to sell; Monticellos enslaved laborers and they performed tasks outside worked from dawn to dusk, six working hours for which Jefferson days a week. Every week adults paid them. Some Monticello slaves received a peck of cornmeal, a were buried in a cemetery adjacent to Jeffersons deer park, now the visitor parking area.

ENSLAVED FAMILIES
A number of extended families lived in bondage at Monticello for three or more generations, facilitating Jeffersons operations as farm laborers, artisans, tradesmen, and domestic workers. Among them were the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Elizabeth Hemings, David and Isabel Hern, Edward and Jane Gillette, and James and Cate Hubbard. Nights, Sundays, and holidays provided their only opportunities to socialWriting slate ize and nurture the found near the connections that united site of slave them as a community. Like their fellows across dwelling. the South, Monticello slaves resisted slaverys dehumanizing effects by filling this time with expressions of a rich culture: gardening, needlework, music, religious practice. They were part of a cultural and spiritual life that flourished independent of their masters.

Pins, pincase, and thimble from Mulberry Row.

Sally Hemings
That Thomas Jefferson fathered children with Sally Hemings, an enslaved ladies maid at Monticello, entered the public arena during his first term as president, and it has remained a subject of discussion and disagreement for more than two centuries. DNA test results released in 1998 indicated a genetic link between the Jefferson and Hemings families. Thomas Jefferson Foundation historians believe that the weight of existing evidence indicates a high probability that Thomas Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings son Eston (born 1808), and that he was likely the father of all her known children. The evidence is not definitive, however, and the complete story may never be known.

Plow with moldboard designed by Jefferson.

G ARDENS & L ANDSCAPE

ing arose from curiosity about the natural world. He aspired to create an ornamental farm at Monticello by interspersing the articles of husbandry with the attributes of a garden. On Monticello mountain, Jefferson centered his Jeffersonia house on an oval diphylla. man-made level, below which he laid out gardens, orchards, and four circuitous roads called roundabouts. The gardens became a living laboratory for the study of plants from around the world. Jefferson chronicled a

Jeffersons interest in garden-

landscape design, a eld he considered one of the seven ne arts. The range of ower species planted reected the scope of Jeffersons interests: Flower Garden Old World orists By 1808, Jefferson owers, local had laid out and wildowers, plants planted 20 oval-shaped of curiosity, and the ower beds at the four fruits of botanical corners of the house Monticellos Grove. exploration. One and a ower border oval bed contained along a graveled walk encircling Jeffersonia diphylla, a species named the West Lawn. The serpentine in his honor. design of the ower walk and the Trees oval island beds reect Jeffersons Trees ranked high among interest in the informal style of Jeffersons favorite plants. He documented the planting of 160 species, including clumps of ornamentals adjacent to the house and alles of mulberry, honey locust, and other trees along his roundabouts. Visitors were often taken to see what one guest called Jeffersons pet trees. lifetime of gardening activities in his Garden Book, noting that the greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add a useful plant to its culture.

Grove
In 1806 Jefferson drew a sketch showing about 18 acres on the northwest side of Monticello mountain as the Grove. He envisioned an ornamental forest, with the undergrowth cleared and the trees thinned and pruned. This was an expression of his ideal American landscape, where gardens may be made without expense....We have only to cut out the superabundant plants.

Flower border on West Lawn.

South Orchard
Below the Vegetable Garden wall was a six-acre orchard surrounding vineyards and berry squares. The fruit garden also included a nursery where Jefferson propagated special plants. Jefferson aspired to make wine at Monticello, but his continual replanting of the vineyards suggests a perennial and losing struggle with grape cultivation.

No occupation is so delightful to me as the culture of the earth, and no culture comparable to that of the garden.
thomas jefferson,
Garden Pavilion, re-created in 1984.

Jeffersons Grave
Thomas Jefferson is buried at Monticello with other members of his family in a graveyard chosen by him in 1773. Laid out upon the death of his closest friend and brotherin-law, Dabney Carr, this plot located on the southwest slope of Monticello mountain is owned by an association of Jeffersons descendants and is still used as a cemetery. Despite Jeffersons astounding range of accomplishments, the epitaph he wrote for his tombstone included only: Author of the Declaration of American Independence, of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, and Father of the University of Virginia.

the hillside and supported by a When Jefferson referred to his massive stone wall. The terrace garden, he meant his Vegetable was created by leased slaves using Garden on the southeast slope of carts and mules to move earth. At the mountain. Although it served the walls midpoint stands a pavilas a food source for ion, reconstructed in 1984, the family table, the that was used by Jefferson garden also funcas a retreat. A paling tioned as laboratory (board) fence, 10 feet high where he planted and 4,000 feet long, surabout 330 varieties of rounded the garden and more than 70 species the orchard below it. of vegetables. This The two-acre garden was Jeffersons most included 24 growing beds, enduring horticulor squares, organized, at tural achievement least in 1812, according to at Monticello. which part of the plant The garden was harvested roots, Trebbiano grapes, a evolved over many leaves, or fruits. Today, variety planted by years. In its nal the garden serves as a Jefferson. form in 1809 it preservation seed bank resembled a terraced shelf 80 feet of Jefferson-era and 19th-century wide and 1,000 feet long, cut into vegetable varieties.
CREDITS: Edgehill portrait of Jefferson by Stuart, owned jointly by the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution and Thomas Jefferson Foundation, gift of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Thomas Jefferson Foundation, and Enid and Crosby Kemper Foundation; list of slaves from Jeffersons Farm Book, Massachusetts Historical Society; Uriah Levy portrait, U.S. Naval Academy Museum; drapery drawing, Library of Congress; Isaac Jefferson daguerreotype, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library; Latrobe watercolor, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. All other photos copyright Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Photos by William L. Beiswanger, Libby Fosso, Stephanie Gross, Peter Hatch, Carol M. Highsmith, Skip Johns, H. Andrew Johnson, Robert C. Lautman, Edward Owen, Bryan Parsons, Leonard G. Phillips, Charles Shoffner, Larry Swank and Wayne Mogielnicki. Publication design by Josef Beery.

Vegetable Garden

Entry to the house is based on timed tickets. So as not to miss your tour, be at the east Walk in front of the house at least 5 minutes prior to the time printed on your ticket. Visitors requiring assistance while at Monticello should call (434) 984-9844.
This publication has been made possible in part by funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Monticello is owned and operated by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc., a private, nonprofit 501(c)3 corporation founded in 1923. The Foundation receives no ongoing federal or state funds in support of its dual mission of preservation and education. www.monticello.org

WORLD HERITAGE SITE