SUBSEA SYSTEMS

Whats Subsea Engineering?

Subsea engineering focuses on the deepwater issues of oil and gas exploitation. The Subsea Engineering option addresses both the hardware used subsea, such as wellheads and separators, as well as important issues such as field layout, flow assurance and installation/maintenance.

SUBSEA SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Overview of subsea hardware components Tree, Template, Mainfold Typical subsea layout and connection between different components Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition Heave compensation

1. Overview of subsea hardware components

Subsea Part: X-mas trees, Templates, Mainfolds, Spools, Protection structure, Suction piles and Foundations The other: Risers, Flowlines and Umbilicals

1. Overview of subsea hardware components

Installation process
Lift from the barge In air Lift Passage through Splash zone Passage through Water column

Near seabed location

Landing

1. Overview of subsea hardware components

Subsea hardware component layout

2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree
1.

2.

3.

4.

Pressure containing method Control, monitor and condition either produce or injected media Shut the well, re-enter the well Monitor down hole, inject chemical

2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree configuration
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Production master valve(M1) Production lateral valve(W1) Annulus master valve(M2) Annulus lateral valve(W2) Crossover valve(XO) Production intervention valve(S1) Annulus intervention valve(S2) Pressure regulation choke MEG(Mono Ethylene Glycol)normal operation valve(MV1) MEG valve to shut-down(MV2) Down hole safety valve(DHSV)

2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree connection configurations
1.

Single satellite well

Pros: Cheap, wide area, Flexible access Cons: Absence of common datum, Individual flowlines, Drilling should move to new well

2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree connection configurations
2. Two or more wells daisy-chained together
Pros: Cheep, some sharing of pipeline, simultaneous production Cons: Absence of a common datum, drilling rig should move to new well

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2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree connection configurations
3. Two or more(Clustered) wells tied back to a manifold
Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects

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2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Tree connection configurations
4. Template
Pros: pipe work as it lands, sharing pipeline and umbilical Cons: expensive, dropped objects

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2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Template
Seabed-founded structure that consist of a structural frame work and a foundation, arranged so as to provide support for various subsea equipment.

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2. Tree, Template, Mainfold

Mainfold
A system of headers and branched piping that can be used to gather of distrubute fluids, as desired.

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3. Typical subsea layout and connection

PLET(Pipeline end terminal)
Isolation valve, install easier

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3. Typical subsea layout and connection

PLEM(Pipeline end manifold)
Isolation valve, install easier

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3. Typical subsea layout and connection

Riser base
Between riser and flow line (slide on the seabed)

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4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition

Subsea control
Allow remote operation of valves located downhole.

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4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition

Umbilical(bundles of fluid conduits)
1.

2.

3. 4. 5.

A hose pipe to deliver hydraulic power to operate the valve/choke actuator remotely Other requirement(electric cable and variable pipe) Choke position-indication feedback Monitoring temperature and pressure Chemical injection

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4. Subsea control, umbilical & data acquisition

Types of subsea control systems
Control panel Control panel Control panel Control panel Control panel Sequence supply Sequence supply

Tree supply Tree supply

Tree supply Tree supply Tree valves Tree valves Tree valves Direct Hydraulic Piloted Hydraulic

Tree valves

Tree valves

Tree valves

Tree valves

Tree valves

Tree valves

Sequence Hydraulic

Electro/Hydraulic

Multiplex

accumulator

Hydraulic line

Electrical line

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5. Heave compensation
Active system
1.

Actively controlled winch

Pros: Neither additional deck nor additional equipment, unlimited Cons: Large power, fatigue damage

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5. Heave compensation
Active system
2. Tensioner system
Pros: Passive system readily adaptable, lower inertia Cons: Additional space, fatigue damage on sheaves

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5. Heave compensation
Active system
3. Boom control
Pros: Minimal damage to the cable, passive system adaptable Cons: High inertia and high power required, complex

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5. Heave compensation
Passive system
No energy input, an additional spring damper

Increase tension

Piston down

Tether length increase

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Conclusion
All in all, in terms of oil industry, the technologies have been developed in many field over the past two decades. Therefore, nowadays, it is normal to extract oil and gas from deep-sea which is sometimes 2000m under sea level. According to some commentator, it might be possible to reach to resorvior which is located 4000m under sea level
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