PUBLIC SPEAKING

Submitted by: Kerry Janel S. Paguia

Submitted to: Ms. Babes Sapalasan

Public speaking - the act or process of making speeches in public - the art of effective oral communication with an audience - http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/public+speaking - speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. http://www.publicspeaking.co.nz/public_speaking_definition.html

Steps on Public Speaking : 1) Keep track of time so that you dont go over your given time, or have to rush things because you spent too much time covering another topic. 2) Having a backup plan is always mandatory because you just cant ever trust technology to be 100% reliable. Things can go wrong and not function at the least expected and most inconvenient times. 3) Preparing your speech means doing research, organizing your ideas and thoughts appropriately, and knowing how to seamlessly flow from one topic to another. Having a structured presentation helps your audience stay on par with your ideas and what you are talking about.

4) Rest and proper nourishment are both very important for sustaining a functional self state. Making sure that you get enough rest and food before and on the day of the presentation is vital. All the preparing and rehearsing that goes on before the presentation, and the energy thats exerted on the day you present puts a toll on your body. Stay away from greasy food and the likes that may make you drowsy, as well as quick energy snacks as theyre not exactly the most reliable source of nutriment. -http://onefusedlife.com/2008/05/11/easy-steps-to-publicspeaking REQUIREMENTS Verbage - or the words we choose to use. Did you know that one single word has a 94% greater effectiveness than all other words to move someone to act? Words have power. Words can hurt or heal. Voice - or how you say those words. These are summed up in the speaking skills. Did you know there are over 30 separate public speaker skills that can be used in persuasive and motivational speaking and speech giving. We have the main 30 and more.

Improve Your Voice The start of a section on mastering your vocals as a speaker voice. Visualization - or how we present ourselves and how we are seen by our audience. This would include dress, grooming, posture, deportment, and body language on and off the podium. Do you speak with your handshake? You should. -http://www.speechmastery.com/ DOS AND DONTS In Planning Your Talk: Do decide what the purpose of your talk really is. What is the "take-home" message you want to give your audience? Organize your talk accordingly, focusing sharply on your intended message. Do prepare a talk that will fit within the time limit you're given. That includes allowing time for questions from the audience. Rehearse with a stopwatch if necessary. Don't forget that studies show an audience can remember only three or four things you present in a talk.

Don't distract from your message by including peripheral topics or excessive arcane detail. Don't forget that any lecture is a performance: you must work to get your message across. Some Basics: Do show some enthusiasm and energy. If you're not excited about your topic, why should the audience be? Do face your audience. If you need to see your slides, then look either at the overhead projector in front of you or at the screen on the computer running your presentation. It's not only rude to turn your back on your audience, but it also means you're speaking into the screen or the wall and making it hard for them to hear you. Do speak loudly enough to be heard by the entire audience, even those in the back row. Don't keep jumping back and forth through your slides. Either reorganize your talk to avoid this or duplicate the needed slide in the second place where it fits.

Don't start to change a slide, then stop halfway. Either change it or leave it. Don't fidget nervously in front of your audience. Make your movements and gestures purposeful. Don't stick your hands in your pockets, hook your thumbs under your belt, or engage in other creative diversions. Words, Phrases, etc.: Do clearly define any terms that may not be familiar to your audience. Remember, they're probably not all from the same specialty as you! Don't start sentences with "So." Don't end sentences with "right?" or "OK?" Don't apologetically introduce a topic with "Just real quick," "Briefly," or similar words. What that tells your audience is that "this isn't really important or relevant, but I'm going to inflict it on you anyway."

Questions : Do answer questions as succinctly and briefly as possible. Remember, there may be only one person in the audience interested in a specific answer. Do remember that "I don't know" is a perfectly good answer. You needn't go into a five-minute explanation of why you don't know. If you're working on answering the question, just say that. Don't use a question as an excuse to bring up the dozen slides you cut out of your talk in order to meet the time limit you were given. Don't go rummaging through your slides to answer a question unless it is absolutely necessary (and it usually isn't). Don't hold "private conversations" with questioners in the front rows. Make sure everyone in the audience knows what the question is (repeat it if necessary) and can hear and understand the answer http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~dfinley/speaking.html

TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEECHESS 1.) Extemporaneous Speech Extemporaneous speeches are those where you will be asked to talk about a particular topic without prior notice. As this may come all of a sudden, it is very likely that you may become nervous and panicky. This is quite normal, though you will have to carry on with the task because it may affect your career growth positively or negatively. You have to quickly think about the important points regarding the topic and speak before the audience with confidence, although you may be very nervous from within. -http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-publicspeaking.html STEPS: Step 1 The goal of extemporaneous public speaking is to persuade or inform an audience briefly. First analyze the question: Questions of fact are characterized by is and are, or will or would. Questions of value are characterized by should.

Questions of policy are characterized by can and could. Step 2 Determine if you have to answer an open or closed extemporaneous speech question. Closed - You can only state a clear Yes or No in your introduction. You offer the arguments in the the body part. Example: Is Disclosure A Bad Movie? Open - State how or what will, should or can be done in your introduction. Then guide the audience to the answer in logical steps. Those steps are the major points in your extemp speech. Example: What Can We Do Against Corrupt Politicians? Step 3 Determine if the extemporaneous speech topic is informative or persuasive: The words what, which and who indicate that it is an informative issue. The words should and why indicate that it is a persuasive issue.

Step 4 Organize your ideas and main and sub points effectively. Focus on your speech topic and think about the various angles. Now write those first thoughts down. Catch them in keywords. Stay with your extemp subject. In other words: never change the extemporaneous speech topics. - http://ezinearticles.com/?How-To-Prepare-Extemporaneous-SpeechTopics-In-4-Steps&id=459837 2.) Memorized Speech A memorized speech is one that is recited from memory only with out help. A manuscript would be on that is given with the written speech in front of you for reference. http://www.blurtit.com/q978093.html STEPS: -

1. Break the speech up into a sequence of steps. These steps need to be as small as you can make them and they need to be placed in a sequential order: start, middle, and ending. 2. You need to associate an image AND and action with each step of your speech. The wilder and more outrageous the image/action is the easier that step is going to be to remember. 3. Finally, you need to place all of your steps someplace where you will be able to find them. If your speech was short and only had 10 steps, then Id suggest that you visualize yourself placing them on your body: toes, ankles, knees, shins, hips, butt, back, shoulders, neck and head. If you have more steps, then Id use some place that you know very well: your home is a great place to start. -http://www.theaccidentalcommunicator.com/memory/how-to-use-yourmental-tv-to-memorize-a-speech-or-anything 3.) Impromptu Speech The impromptu speech is given without any preparation, any notes or other additional materials; it is a spontaneous reaction to the topic at hand which

may introduce an interesting turn to the discussion. http://www.speech-guru.com/impromptu_speech.php

STEPS: 1. Listen. Listen to whats asked of you. Listen to the words and the tone of voice. Understand what is being asked of you before you even think of forming a response. Is the question clear? Is there a question behind the question? Make it a priority to understand the question. 2. Focus. Bring your full concentration on to the question at hand. For that moment, the most important challenge you face is choosing your response to the question. So cause the brilliance of your intellect and spirit to bear on the topic. 3. Buy Time/Dont Rush to Respond. Dont feel compelled to blurt out a response! People will wait when they sense that you are thinking about the question. You can also buy yourself some precious seconds by slowly standing up, or walking up to the lectern. The mind thinks extremely

rapidly, at about 600-800 words per minute. So get out of the way, and let your mind think! 4. Pick a Theme for Your Response or if you cant think of a theme, begin to address the topic and free associate until you find a theme on which youd like to expand. Sometimes, a theme will come readily to your mind. Then, you would simply introduce the topic, your view of it, and proceed to build your speech. However, at other times, you may not have any idea how best to answer the question. In such a case, address the topic, and as the words flow, keep your mind focused on the thoughts and concepts that arise in the flow. You will see new relationships among ideas and concepts as you speak. This will allow you to find an aspect of the topic in to which you can free associate and build your talk around. 5. Build the Body of Your Speech. Like any other speech, an impromptu speech should have an opening, a body, and a conclusion. In step 4, you introduce your response. In step 5, you build the body of your speech. This is where you may give an example or two, tell a story, share facts and figures, and bolster your point of view. 6. Conclude Confidently. Wrap up your comments to solidify the clarity of your response. If you shared information, you may want to give a

summary of your main points. If you were trying to persuade, you may want to appeal to the emotions in a powerful way, or conclude with a thought provoking question, or challenge the audience to take a specific action. http://drdilip.com/six_steps_to_impromptu_speaking_success.htm Requirements: The speaker responds spontaneously to the problem that suddenly becomes of interest to her or to him. He or she participates in the discussion of the disputable matter to weigh different points of view and to give an answer to the dilemma. The speaker may orchestrate the audience's opinion. The speaker resorts to repetitions, rhetorical questions, logical returns to the same idea, and parallel constructions. The speaker invites the audience to participate in the discussion, to agree or disagree with his viewpoint. -http://www.speechguru.com/impromptu_speech.php 4.) Read Speech

Most speech corpora contain read speech, either for practical reasons because eliciting non-read speech is more difficult or simply because the intended application or investigation requires read speech. Read speech can be recorded by using so called prompt sheets or by displaying text on a graphical output device. http://www.phonetik.unimuenchen.de/forschung/BITS/TP1/Cookbook/node 47.htm