Health Assessment: Unit Exam One Vocabulary Symptom Sign Subjective sensation person feels for the disorder;

what the person tells you Objective abnormality determined by examiner; Detectable on physical exam or in lab reports A practical marker of optimal weight for height

Body Mass Index Hypothermia

unusually low body temperature: dangerously low body temperature caused by prolonged exposure to cold

Hyperthermia very high body temperature: unusually high body temperature, especially when induced for therapeutic reasons Pulse the force of the pumping expands the arterial wall and causes a pressure wave

PULSE DEFICIT Apical Rate minus Radial Rate PULSE PRESURE Systolic Pressure minus Diastolic Pressure Apnea Bradyapnea Eupnea absence of breathing slow breathing normal breathing

Cheyne-stokes apnea varied with tachycardia, 1 min. preceding death Tachypnea rapid breathing

Cardiac output SV x R Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure INSPECTION PALPATION PERCUSSION maximum pressure felt on the artery during LV contraction or systole elastic recoil or resting pressure that blood exerts between each contraction

general survey use of touch, what is underneath assess location, size, and density of underlying structures, the art of striking one object against another to create sound

AUSCULTATION Listening to sounds produced by the body using a stethoscope Pruritis Freckles itching small, flat macules, brown melanin pigment

Mole Pallor

clusters of melanocyles, tan to brown color, flat or raised loss of the red-pink tones from oxygenated hemoglobin; epidermis takes on color of collagen layer (dermis) Intense redness from excess blood (hyperemia) in dilated superficial capillaries; Bluish mottled color=> decreased perfusion with oxygenated blood Yellow color=> rising amounts of bilirubin in blood Profuse perspiration fluid in intercellular space; not present normally skins ease of rising skin return to place promptly ecchymosis=trauma circular run together distinct, one on the body clusters twisted; coiled concentric rings, Lyme Disease scratch;streak annular lesions run together linear, along nerve route color change; flat, < 1 cm. color change;elevated; < 1 cm. solid, elevated; into dermis; > 1 cm a nodule that is > few cms. superficial, red, raised, edema within wheals that coalesce (hives)

Erythema Cyanosis Jaundice Diaphoresis Edema Mobility Turgor Bruising Annular Confluent Discrete Grouped Gyrate Target or iris Linear Polycyclic Zosteriform Macule Papule Nodule Tumor Wheal Urticaria

Cyst Vesicle Pustule

encapsulated fluid-filled; elevated elevated w/ free-flowing fluid, < 1 cm; eg.blister turbid (pus) fluid; elevated, circumscribed; eg. acne

Herpes Zoster shingles; viral invasion of nerve tunnel Basal cell carcinoma most common type of skin cancer, looks like a burn a firm bump or a scaly, red patch

Squamous cell skin cancer

Malignant melanoma 75% all skin cancer deaths, dangerous among 20-29 y.o. age group, #1 cause of cancer death among women Alopecia Cyanosis Ecchymosis Edema Erythema Hirsuitism Jaundice Keratin Melanin Pallor Sebum Urticaria Vitiligo Xerosis hair loss bluish discoloration from poor oxygenation raised bluish or yellowish vascular lesions accumulation of fluid in body tissue a reddening of the skin growth of coarse hair (mostly on face/trunk) a yellow-to-orange color visible in skin pigment produced by keratinocytes pigment produced by melanocytes paleness of skin oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands patches of pale, itchy wheals in erythematous area abnormal loss of melanin in patches (face, hands, groin) dry skin usually from decreased activity of sebaceous/ sweat glands detect/eliminate foreign substances from body

Purpose of Lymph Nodes Cranial Nerve V Cranial Nerve VII Cranial Nerve XI

Chin elevation and lowering (jaw movement) Facial: puff cheeks, blow air, smile, frown, raise eyebrows shoulder shrug w/resistance

Bruits Kyphosis

abnormal vascular sounds (check in carotids w/ bell) outward curvature of cervical vertebrae (in elderly) elliptical open space between eyelids

Palpebral fissure Canthus Conjunctiva membrane

corner of eye; angle where lids meet thin mucous membrane; transparent protective covering of eyeball and mucous

Lacrimal apparatus

constant irrigation to conjunctive and cornea give eye straight and rotary movement

Extraocular (six) muscles (purpose)

Sclera outer layer: fibrous protective white covering Cornea outer layer: covers iris and pupil Iris middle layer: varies opening by adjusting pupil size

Retina inner layer: visual receptive layer in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses Optic disc inner layer: area in which retinal fibers converge to form optic nerve

Macula inner layer: on temporal side of the fundus; receives & transduces light from the center of the visual field Pupillary light reflex normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina; no conscious control of it-Direct light reflex- when bright light exposed to one eye, Consensual light reflexsimultaneous constriction of other pupil Fixation a reflex directing eye towards an object attracting that persons attention; Impaired by drugs, alcohol, fatigue Accommodation convergence of the axes of the eyeballs with constriction of the pupils: adapts eyes for near vision measures gross peripheral vision (CN II), compare peripheral vision to

Visual confrontation test examiner

Corneal light reflex(Hirschberg test) Assesses parallel alignment of eye axes by shining light towards persons eye. Reflection on eyes should be in same spots. Six Cardinal Positions of Gaze (CN?) Nystagmus Anisocoria CN III, IV, VI, (normal) parallel tracking of object with both eyes

(abnormal) fine oscillating movement in iris, detected by 6 Cardinal Positions of Gaze (abnormal) unequal size pupils

PERRLA Cataract Glaucoma

Pupils, Equal, Round, React to light, Accomodate formation or lens opacity increased intraocular pressure

Macular degeneration loss of central (but not peripheral) vision Presbyopia lens loses ability to change shape to accommodate near vision (loses elasticity; lens becomes hard, glasslike) Arcus senilis Pinna/auricle a gray-white arc or circle around the limbus; due to deposits of lipid material funnels sound waves

External auditory canal opening into external ear Cerumen yellow waxy material; lubricates & protects tympanic membrane

Tympanic membrane (eardrum) pearly gray color, separates external from middle ear Middle ear stapes air filled cavity inside temporal bone; Contains auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, and

Eustachian tubeconnects mid ear to nasopharynx; allows air passage during swallowing and yawning Inner Ear sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing;Contains bony labyrinth: inside is vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea (central hearing apparatus) Otosclerosis the common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults (20-40 years)from

amplitude is greatly increased Sensorineural pathology of inner ear; CN VIII Ototoxic Rx which destroy hair cells in cochlea

Presbycusis a sensorineural loss (ages 40-80+) years from nerve degeneration in inner ear or the auditory nerve (CN VIII) Equilibrium Vertigo Inner ear labyrinth signals brain about bodys position, Inflamma staggering gait and a strong, spinning, whirling sensation occlude one nare and have person sniff inward through other nare (CN

Patentcy of nostrils testI)

Cranial Nerve for uvula & soft palate,

CN IX

Cranial Nerve for gag reflex Cranial Nerve for tongue

CN X (vagus) CN XII (hypoglossal)