Anatcrmy

Practicallr

_;" -"'.rso (vellus) hairs on the scalp are club hairs. Kligman estimates t--: I tir 3 per cent of all other hairJ are in this resting Jtage. About eaci :--: as. it grows, there forms a keratinized cytindric"al tule yl.i"! is i:r-,-i,:,.J by the inner root sheaths of Huxley and Henle. This fills the pctt:-i:=- space about the hair at the follicular orifice. Nails. i[i-= r,..ils are convex trans]ucent horny plates situated on the dorsal sur:":r:; i the distal phalanges of the fi"["* and toes. The large exposed pa- :: called the body; thi anterior exte-nsion from the body tf,e free edge; !,r rrortion extending under the skin the nail root. There is a whitish crs.irt near the base oT the nail (the lunula), which is due to a lessened trar-.lucerrc'of the pa^rt. The nail lies o, u or soft layer, a speciallr ::,,'ffied portion^or ur" corium, the nail-r"orswhtch beneath bted, the nail root :: i so.,rewhat anterior to it is known as the mairix. by corriffcation of the cer. multiplying in the root from the stratum lucidum the nail grows fon'ar . The n-ail is b-ounded posteriorry and raterary by fords of skin, the- naii +r,LJ,s. and from the latter,'a thin mlmbrane stretlhes crescentshaped for a stc,rt distance over the lunula. Blood \-essels. There are three systems of blood vessels in the skin: a deep coarse one in the subcutaneous iatty tissue, a second of intermediate size situated i, the corium immediately atove the subcutaneous tissue, and a fi1re mini11sl. ramifying one in the corium beneath the papi[ary i";; - Lymphatics. Relatively few lymphatic vessels with distinct errdothelial lining are fourrd in the normal rkirr,- b,rt there are numerous intercellular lym-ph spaces in the epithelial layer of the epidermis and i" tt corium. Nerves. Both niedullated and nonmeduilJted sensory nerve fibers are " found in the skin. \,{edullated ffbers from the subcutaneous tissue ramify upward into the corium in company with the blood vessels. In the papillary layer- they lose their medullarf sheaths, forming a network of fine fibrils which extend into the epidermis between the priJkle ,, t* as the stratum-lucidum, there forming the interepitheriar prexus. N.rrrr".o* medul""[, lated ffbers terminate in-the"pacinian boiies, the iactile and end bulbs, and also pass to the cdnnective tissue coats of the "o.prr"t", hair follicles. Here they lose their sheaths and subdivide, forming a plexus between the epidermal cells of the erternal root sheath. The no*nm6duilated ffbers probably supply the musculi arrectores pilorum, the sweat urrJ the blood
vessels.

"oitr,

Muscles. The muscles of the skin are all of the smooth, or nonstriated, involuntary kind except a few voruntary muscle fibers found in the face. The musculi arrectores- pilorum are made up of small b";Jl"; of smooth muscle ffbers which run fiom a neighboring iapilla obliq""ly to the hair follicle, to which they are attachei by el-asiiJ threads.'Thl contiguous sebaceous_ gland lies ln the angle between the follicle and the muscle b.ndles" on contracting theyq" hair, probabty pl"y ," i-portant part "r99i in regulating the -;d il expressing _action of the brood and il-rpt :he contents of the sebaceous glands. sucldei contraction-or-tt ""ti"rt, musculi pilorum produces cutis anserina (goose flesh) in certain regions. " :I""1?'"r -'mooth muscle fibers also surround the coir grands arril ,r" present in the ',.'alls of the blood vessels. Larger masses of smooth muscle frbers arranged in layers are found in -rrtain loca,tions, such as in the skin of the sciltum, ,/o,r"a tne areolae i the nipples, and in the eyelids. Pigment. The color of the skin is influenced by the amount of pigmen-