ENERGY THEFT DETECTION SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

CONSUMER SIDE
COMPARATOR

MICRO CONTROLLER

ZIGBEE

ENERGY METER

LCD

ELECTRIC POLE SIDE

COMPARATOR

MICRO CONTROLLER

ZIGBEE

ENERGY METER

LCD

GSM

KSEB SIDE

GSM

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

CONSUMER PART The circuit consists of an energy meter, a microcontroller and a communication module. An electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine. The most common type is a kilowatt hour meter. When used in electricity retailing, the utilities record the values measured by these meters to generate an invoice for the electricity. They may also record other variables including the time when the electricity was used. Modern electricity meters operate by continuously measuring the instantaneous voltage (volts) and current (amperes) and finding the product of these to give instantaneous electrical power (watts) which is then integrated against time to give energy used (joules, kilowatt-hours etc). An opto coupler is connected in between the energy meter and MCU. It consists of an input LED and output transistor. As the two are electrically isolated, this gives a fair amount of flexibility when it comes to connecting them into circuit. All we really have to do is work out a convenient way of turning the input LED on and off, and using the resulting switching of the phototransistor to generate an output waveform or logic. The collector pin of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then counts the pulses. The microcontroller will transmit the current meter reading (counter value) always.

ELECTRIC POLE PART At the pole side, same set up is implemented. The distribution to the customers is from pole. The total consumption of all consumers is recorded in the meter at the pole side. The communication module at the pole always receives the reading of consumer. Whenever a consumer tries to commit energy theft, the microcontroller at the consumer side sends the same reading always. But the reading of the pole increases as per consumption. A communication module is connected to the microcontroller to transfer the data. If the microcontroller at the pole gets different readings from pole side meter and consumer meter then microcontroller sends the report to the remote section. For this purpose a GSM modem is connected to the microcontroller at the pole side. GSM modem is controlled by AT commands. It communicates on USART protocol. The communication is performed at a data rate of 9600bps.