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  • 27 Calvin Cycle

    Загружено:

    İsmail Şimşek
    27 просмотров1 страница
    The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplast. It involves 12 steps that convert carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight into glucose using enzymes. The cycle starts with carbon dioxide that is fixed by the enzyme rubisco and produces glycerate-3-phosphate. This is then converted through multiple steps into two molecules of 3-carbon compounds that regenerate the 5-carbon acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, completing the cycle. The energy from sunlight is used to convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH which provide the energy for the cycle to fix carbon into glucose and other carbohydrates that are then used or stored as starch.

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    The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplast. It involves 12 steps that convert carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight into glucose using enzymes. The cycle starts with carbon dioxide that is fixed by the enzyme rubisco and produces glycerate-3-phosphate. This is then converted through multiple steps into two molecules of 3-carbon compounds that regenerate the 5-carbon acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, completing the cycle. The energy from sunlight is used to convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH which provide the energy for the cycle to fix carbon into glucose and other carbohydrates that are then used or stored as starch.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    27 просмотров1 страница

    27 Calvin Cycle

    Загружено:

    İsmail Şimşek
    The Calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that occur in the chloroplast. It involves 12 steps that convert carbon dioxide and energy from sunlight into glucose using enzymes. The cycle starts with carbon dioxide that is fixed by the enzyme rubisco and produces glycerate-3-phosphate. This is then converted through multiple steps into two molecules of 3-carbon compounds that regenerate the 5-carbon acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, completing the cycle. The energy from sunlight is used to convert ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH which provide the energy for the cycle to fix carbon into glucose and other carbohydrates that are then used or stored as starch.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 1

    PHOTOSYNTHESIS "DARK" REACTIONS

    IN CHLOROPLAST - CALVIN CYCLE

    Driven by Light !

    H H OH H
    H-OCH2---C---C---C---C---CHO
    OH OH H OH

    STARCH

    GLUCOSE

    CELLULOSE

    Pi
    3.1.3.9
    H H OH H
    P-OCH2---C---C---C---C---CHO
    OH OH H OH

    H 2O

    1 Glucose-6-P
    5.3.1.9

    H H O---H
    P-OCH2---C---C---C---CO--CH2OH
    OH OH H

    2.2.1.1

    3 Fructose-6-P 2

    3Pi

    H H
    P-OCH2---C---C---CHO
    OH OH

    3.1.3.11

    3H2O

    4.1.2.13

    H
    H H
    OH
    P-OCH2---C-----C----C-----C----CO--CH2O--P
    OH OH O---H H

    C--CO--CH2O-P
    HH

    2 Sedoheptulose-1,7-bis-P
    2

    1.2.1.13

    12 (NADPH+H+)

    3.1.3.37

    P-OCH2-CH(OH)--COO-P

    12 Glycerate-1,3-bis-P

    12 ADP

    H
    H
    H
    O----H
    P-OCH2----C----C----C----C---CO--CH2OH
    OH OH OH H

    2.7.2.3

    12 ATP

    P-OCH2-CH(OH)--COO-

    12 Glycerate-3-P

    6H2O

    6CO2
    Rubisco
    FIXATION
    6 ADP

    4.1.1.39

    2 Sedoheptulose-7-P

    H H
    P-OCH2---C---C---CO--CH2OP
    OH OH

    4 Xylulose-5-P

    2.2.1.2

    6 Ribulose-1,5-bis-P
    5.1.3.1

    H H H
    P-OCH2---C---C---C---CHO
    OH OH OH

    2 Ribose-5-P

    2.7.1.19

    5.3.1.6

    H H
    P-OCH2---C---C---CO--CH2OH
    OH OH

    Ribulose-5-P

    CHLOROPLAST STROMA

    Designed by Donald Nicholson

    H O---H
    P-OCH2---C---C----CO--CH2OH
    OH H

    c 2003 IUBMB

    3 OH

    12 Triose-3-P 2 Dihydroxyacetone-P

    12NADP+

    6 ATP

    4.1.2.13

    *
    *

    Glyceraldehyde-3-PP-OCH2---C---CHO
    OH

    Re

    3 Fructose-1,6-bis -P

    6C3 + 2C
    CLE
    CY entose from H 6
    exos
    IN
    of P
    e a 6C
    LV ration
    n
    dT 5
    CAgene
    rio

    2 Erythrose-4-P

    H H
    OH
    P-OCH2---C---C-----C---CO--CH2O-P
    OH O--H H

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