1.

For each of the following communications devices, describe the transmission mode used

(simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex). (10%): a. Telephone The mode of data transmission in a telephone line is a full-duplex. Data can be transmitted and exchanged simultaneously at the same time. b. Computer keyboard The mode of data transmission between a keyboard and a monitor is simplex since the pathway of data is unidirectional. The keyboard inputs the data and the monitor displays the output. The entire capacity of the channel is to send data to one direction, which is the monitor in this scenario. 2. Television channels are 6MHz wide. How many bits/sec can be sent if four-level digital signals are used in a noiseless channel? (10%) Using Nyquist's equation: C = 2W log2M Given W = 6 x 106 Hz and M = 4 Max Data Rate = 2 (6 x 106) log24 = 24 Mbps 3. A 3 kHz voice channel is used to transmit digital data via a modem. The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is 30dB. What is the maximum channel capacity, in bits per second? (10%) Using Shannons Theorem: Max Data Rate = W log2[1+(S/N)] Given: W = 3KHz & SNR = 30 dB SNR in dB = 10 log10(S/N) S/N = 10(SNR/10) Max Data Rate = W log2[1 + 10(30/10)] = (3000Hz) log2[1 + 1000] = 29.90 kbps 4. Identify the type of data-transmission media described in af below: (30%) a. is generally most susceptible to electromagnetic interference and eavesdropping Twisted Pair b. inexpensive and well established but has relatively low bandwidth Twisted Pair c. conducts signals of light Optical Fiber d. surrounds the inner conductors with shielding to reduce electromagnetic interference Coaxial Cable e. is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference Optical Fiber f. is usually the least expensive Twisted Pair

5. Which of the following devices should be positioned closer together: amplifiers being used for analog data transmission, or repeaters being used for digital data transmission? Explain why. (10%) Repeaters should be positioned closer together because digital signals rely on a constant positive or negative voltage level. Digital signals tend to dissipate more quickly than analog signals and they can only be transmitted at a certain distance before attenuation. On the other hand, analog signals can be positioned at wider intervals and also, there is a variety of transmission media offered for electromagnetic waves being propagated. 6. Explain how to effectively propagate an analog signal that carries digital data over greater distances. Refer to Table 3.1 in the text. (10%) Digital data are encoded using a modem to produce analog signal. With the use of a modem, analog signals that carry digital data can be transmitted through existing telephone lines within a network. Telephone lines serves as the transmission channel for analog signals over distances within their capacity. The basic purpose of a modem is to enable a computer or any digital device to encode and decode digital signals to and from analog signals being transmitted. A modem makes it possible to relay digital data over great distances through analog signals within a guided network.
7. 9th edition: Do problem 3.16 on page 96 of your textbook. (10%)

3.16 A digital signaling system is required to operate at 9600 bps a. If a signal element encodes a 4-bit word, what is the minimum required bandwidth of the channel? b. Repeat part (a) for the case of 8-bit words. Using Nyquist's equation: C = 2W log2M We have C = 9600 bps
a. log2M = 4, because a signal element encodes a 4-bit word

Therefore, C = 9600 = 2W 4, and W = 1200 Hz

b. C = 9600 = 2W 8, and W = 600 Hz 8. 9th edition: Do problem 4.4 on page 135 of your textbook. (10%)

4.4 Coaxial cable is a two-wire transmission system. What is the advantage of connecting the outer conductor to ground? The outer conductor serves as the braided shield of the coaxial cable. When the outer conductor is connected to ground, no external disturbances and interference, such as electromagnetic waves, can reach the inner conductor which is the one that carries the signal being transmitted. This entirely increases the quality of data being transmitted across the medium.