CONJUCTIONS This lesson deals with conjunctions and their application and usage as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Nara, kereba, kattara, dattara if Temo even if Keredomo although, though Noni even though Kara, node because To if Shi not only, but also, what is more Ga but

Nara, kereba, kattara, dattara: is these conjunctions are used in the tai and takunai forms of verbs this could be literally put as: If you want to Each conjunction follows different construction patterns as given below: Rule 1 (-nara): This conjunction follows the tai or takunai form of the verb Rule 2 (-kereba): Drop the final i of the tai and takunai form of the verb and add -kereba Rule 3 (-kattara): Drop the final i of the tai and takunai form of the verb and add -kattara Model sentence: If you want to drink nomitai nara, nomitakereba, nomitakattara Example: (-nara) 1. If he will not become a company president, I will apply (shinsei suru) to that company immediately (hayaku). Kare ga shachou ni naranai nara hayaku watashi wa sono kaisha de shinsei shimasu. 2. If Mr. Abe must not go to Japan to find (mitsukeru) that easy to use (tsukau) personal computer (pasokom), I must go to Europe to buy that. Abe-san ga Nihon ni sono tsukaiyasui pasokom o mitsukete itte wa ikenai nara watashi wa Yoropa ni sore o katte ikinakereba narimasen. 3. If this bag becomes expensive (takai) and easy to buy (kau) please dont sell (uru) that to other (hoka) person. Kono kaban ga takakute kaiyasuku naru nara hoka no hito ni sore o uranai de kudasai.

Rule 2 exemption: -eba form Group I: Group II: Group III: -e + -ba (-u -e, -ku -ke, -su -se, -tsu -te, -nu -ne, -bu -be, -mu -me, ru -re -gu -ge) -reba (taberu tabereba kuru kureba miru mireba)

suru sureba

Group IV: Example:

benkyo suru benkyo sureba

1. If she will go to eat in Kanas house Kanojo wa Kana-san no uchi de tabete ikeba 2. If Mr. Toda will come here to explain (setsumei suru) that problem (mondai) Toda-san wa koko ni sono mondai o setsumei shite kureba 3. If that person will try to give the favor of going to the market (ichiba) to buy various vegetables (yasai) and easy to cook (ryori suru) meat (niku) Sono hito wa ichiba ni iroiro na yasai to ryori shiyasui niku o katte itte agete mireba

Rule 3 (-kattara): Example: 1. If she wants to go to work (hataraku) in Mr. Todas factory (kojo) Kanojo wa Toda-san no kojo de hataraite ikitakattara 2. If he will not become kind easy to talk (hanasu) Kare wa hanashiyasukute naranakattara 3. If his father wants to become a famous doctor (isha) Kare no otosan wa yumei na isha ni naritakattara 4. If that hotel is not famous Sono hoteru wa yumei janakattara 5. If this is not easy to use and easy to buy Kore wa tsukaiyasukunakute kaiyasukunakattara

Rule 3 exemption: -tara form Group I: Group II: Group III: Group IV: Example: 1. If her mother will clean that room Kanojo no okasan wa sono heya o soji shitara 2. If his father will become a tour guide (kanko gaido) Kare no otosan wa kanko gaido ni nattara 3. If this place will become lively (nigiyaka) and easy to go -ta + -ra (-u -tta, -ku -ita, -su -shita, -tsu -tta, -nu -nda, -bu -nda, -mu -nda, ru -tta -gu -ida) -tara (taberu tabetara kuru kitara suru shitara benkyo suru benkyo shitara miru mitara)

Kono tokoro wa nigiyaka de ikiyasuku nattara 4. If my friend will go home to study alone later Ato de watashi no tomodachi wa hitori de benkyo shite kaettara

dattara - for linking verbs Example 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. If she is kind kanojo wa yasashii dattara If he is a foreigner kare wa gaijin dattara If we are Filipinos watashitachi wa Firipinjin dattara If they are bad sometimes tokidoki karera wa dame dattara If this book is hard to understand kono hon wa wakarinikui dattara