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Viewing configuration by using ipconfig /all Refreshing configuration by using ipconfig /renew Managing DNS and DHCP class IDs by using ipconfig Testing connections by using ping Troubleshooting hardware addresses by using arp Troubleshooting NetBIOS names by using nbtstat Displaying connection statistics by using netstat Tracing network connections by using tracert Testing routers by using pathping
For Windows 95 and Windows 98 clients, use the winipcfg command instead of ipconfig.
When you use the ipconfig command with the /all option, a detailed configuration report is produced for all interfaces, including any configured serial ports. With ipconfig /all, you can redirect command output to a file and paste the output into other documents. You can also use this output to confirm the TCP/IP configuration of each computer on the network or to further investigate of TCP/IP network problems. For example, if a computer is configured with an IP address that is a duplicate of an existing IP address, the subnet mask appears as 0.0.0.0. The following example shows the output of the ipconfig /all command on a computer that is configured to use the DHCP server for automatic TCP/IP configuration, and WINS and DNS servers for name resolution.
Windows 2000 IP Configuration Node Type . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . : No Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Host Name . . . . . . . . . : host.grape-info.com DNS Servers . . . . . . . . : 10.1.0.200 Description . . . . . . . . : 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . Autoconfiguration Enabled IP Address. . . . . . . . Subnet Mask . . . . . . . Default Gateway . . . . . DHCP Server . . . . . . . Primary WINS Server . . . Secondary WINS Server . . Lease Obtained. . . . . . 1998 10:32:13 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . 1998 10:32:13 AM . . . . . . . . . . : : : : : : : : : : 00-60-08-3E-46-07 Yes Yes 192.168.0.112 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.3 Wednesday, September 02,
If no problems appear in the TCP/IP configuration, the next step is testing the ability to connect to other host computers on the TCP/IP network.
For Windows 95 and Windows 98 DHCP-enabled clients, use the release and renew options of the winipcfg command instead of ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew to perform manual release or renewal of the IP configuration lease for a client.
Display or reset the DNS cache. Refresh registered DNS names. Display the DHCP class IDs for an adapter. Set the DHCP class IDs for an adapter.
The computer was restarted after TCP/IP was installed and configured. The IP address of the local computer is valid and appears correctly on the General tab of the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box. IP routing is enabled and the link between routers is operational.
You can use different options with the ping command to specify the size of packets to use, how many packets to send, whether to record the route used, what Time-to-Live (TTL) value
to use, and whether to set the "don't fragment" flag. You can type ping ? to see these options. The following example illustrates how to send two pings, each 1,450 bytes in size, to IP address 192.168.0.1:
C:\>ping -n 2 -l 1450 192.168.0.1 Pinging 192.168.0.1 with 1450 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=1450 time<10ms TTL=32 Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=1450 time<10ms TTL=32 Ping statistics for 192.168.0.1: Packets: Sent = 2, Received = 2, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate roundtrip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 10ms, Average = 2ms
By default, ping waits 1,000 ms (1 second) for each response to be returned before displaying the "Request Timed Out" message. If the remote system being pinged is across a high-delay link, such as a satellite link, responses may take longer to be returned. You can use the w (wait) option to specify a longer time-out.
nbtstat n displays the names that were registered locally on the system by programs such as the server and redirector. nbtstat c shows the NetBIOS name cache, which contains name-to-address mappings for other computers. nbtstat R purges the name cache and reloads it from the Lmhosts file. nbtstat RR releases NetBIOS names registered with a WINS server and then renews their registration.
nbtstat a name performs a NetBIOS adapter status command against the computer specified by name. The adapter status command returns the local NetBIOS name table for that computer plus the media access control address of the adapter. nbtstat S lists the current NetBIOS sessions and their status, including statistics, as shown in the following example:
NetBIOS connection table Local name State In/out Remote Host Input Output -----------------------------------------------------------------CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPSUP1<20> 6MB 5MB CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPPRINT<20> 108KB 116KB CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPSRC1<20> 299KB 19KB CORP1 <00> Connected Out CORPEMAIL1<20> 324KB 19KB CORP1 <03> Listening
Bytes Unicast packets Non-unicast packets Discards Errors Unknown protocols C:\>netstat -a Active Connections Proto Local Address TCP myhost:1572 TCP myhost:1589 TCP myhost:1606 TCP myhost:1632 TCP myhost:1659 TCP myhost:1714 TCP myhost:1719 TCP myhost:1241 UDP myhost:1025 UDP myhost:snmp UDP myhost:nbname UDP myhost:nbdatagram UDP myhost:nbname UDP myhost:nbdatagram C:\>netstat -s
Foreign Address 192.168.0.2:nbsession 192.168.0.2:nbsession 192.168.0.10:nbsession 192.168.0.11:nbsession 192.168.0.12:nbsession 192.168.0.13:nbsession 192.168.0.14:nbsession 192.168.0.15:nbsession *:* *:* *:* *:* *:* *:*
IP Statistics Packets Received = 5378528 Received Header Errors = 738854 Received Address Errors = 23150 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 0 Received Packets Delivered = 4616524 Output Requests = 132702 Routing Discards = 157 Discarded Output Packets = 0 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 0 Reassembly Successful = 0 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 0 ICMP Statistics Messages Errors Destination Unreachable Time Exceeded Parameter Problems Source Quenches Redirects Echoes Echo Replies Timestamps Timestamp Replies Address Masks Address Mask Replies TCP Statistics Active Opens Passive Opens Failed Connection Attempts Reset Connections Current Connections Segments Received Segments Sent Segments Retransmitted UDP Statistics Datagrams Received No Ports Receive Errors Datagrams Sent = = = = 4157136 351928 2 13809 = = = = = = = = 597 135 107 91 8 106770 118431 461 Received 693 0 685 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 Sent 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
field and ICMP error messages to determine the route from one host to another through a network.
Trace complete.
The Tracert utility is useful for troubleshooting large networks where several paths can be taken to arrive at the same point.
-T
Layer 2 tag
-R
RSVP test
The -R switch is used to test for Quality of Service (QoS) connectivity. The default number of hops is 30, and the default wait time before a time-out is 3 seconds. The default period is 250 milliseconds, and the default number of queries to each router along the path is 100. The following is a typical pathping report. The compiled statistics that follow the hop list indicate packet loss at each individual router.
D:\>pathping www.grape-info.com Tracing route to www.grape-info.com [202.144.128.220] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 hoge.grape-info.com [192.168.0.24] 1 192.168.0.2 2 gw-dit.grape-info.com [202.144.158.206] 3 tpu-gw1.grape-info.com [202.144.159.195] 4 e0-0.tpu-br2.grape-info.com [202.144.129.2] 5 w3ext.grape-info.com [202.144.128.220] Computing statistics for 125 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct 0 [192.168.0.24] 0/ 100 = 0% 1 3ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 2 4ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% [202.144.158.206] 13/ 100 = 13% 3 140ms 0/ 100 = 0% 1/ 100 = 1% info.com [202.144.159.195] 0/ 100 = 0% 4 126ms 0/ 100 = 0% 3/ 100 = 3% info.com [202.144.129.2] 0/ 100 = 0% 5 155ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% [202.144.128.220] Trace complete.
When pathping is run, you first see the results for the route as it is tested for problems. This is the same path that is shown by the tracert command. The pathping command then displays a busy message for the next 125 seconds (this time varies by the hop count). During this time, pathping gathers information from all the routers previously listed and from the links between them. At the end of this period, it displays the test results. The two rightmost columnsThis Node/Link Lost/Sent=Pct and Addresscontain the most useful information. The link between gw-dit.grape-info.com (hop 2), and tpu-gw1.grapeinfo.com (hop 3) is dropping 13 percent of the packets. All other links are working normally. The routers at hops 3 and 4 also drop packets addressed to them (as shown in the This Node/Link column), but this loss does not affect their forwarding path.
The loss rates displayed for the links (marked as a | in the rightmost column) indicate losses of packets being forwarded along the path. This loss indicates link congestion. The loss rates displayed for routers (indicated by their IP addresses in the rightmost column) indicate that those routers' CPUs might be overloaded. These congested routers might also be a factor in end-to-end problems, especially if packets are forwarded by software routers.
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