Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring newknowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.[1] To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.[2] The Oxford English Dictionary says that scientific method is: "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses."[3] The chief characteristic which distinguishes a scientific method of inquiry from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let reality speak for itself, supporting a theory when a theory's predictions are confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions prove false. Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, identifiable features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methods of obtaining knowledge. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and designexperimental studies to test these hypotheses via predictions which can be derived from them. These steps must be repeatable, to guard against mistake or confusion in any particular experimenter. Theories that encompass wider domains of inquiry may bind many independently derived hypotheses together in a coherent, supportive structure. Theories, in turn, may help form new hypotheses or place groups of hypotheses into context. Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objective as possible in order to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, giving them the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows
statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established (when data is sampled or compared to chance).
Geometry
is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer. Geometry arose independently in a number of early cultures as a body of practical knowledge concerning lengths, areas, and volumes, with elements of a formal mathematical science emerging in the West as early as Thales(6th Century BC). By the 3rd century BC geometry was put into an axiomatic form byEuclid, whose treatmentEuclidean geometryset a standard for many centuries to follow.[1] Archimedes developed ingenious techniques for calculating areas and volumes, in many ways anticipating modern integral calculus. The field of astronomy, especially mapping the positions of the stars and planets on the celestial sphere and describing the relationship between movements of celestial bodies, served as an important source of geometric problems during the next one and a half millennia. Both geometry and astronomy were considered in the classical world to be part of theQuadrivium, a subset of the seven liberal arts considered essential for a free citizen to master.
Maikling Katha - Isang sangay ng salaysay na may iisang kakintalan. Ito ay anyo ng panitikang nagsasalaysay nang tuluy-tuloy ng isang pangyayaring hango sa tunay na buhay. Ito'y may isa o ilang tauhan lamang, sumasaklaw ng maikling panahon, may isang kasukdulan at nag-iiwan ng isang kakintalan o impresyon sa isipan ng mambabasa. Ang kasukdulan o ang bahagi ng kwentong nagbibigay ng pinakamasidhi o
pinakamataas na kapanabikan o interes sa mambabasa. Ang kakintalan o impresyon ang kaisipang maiiwan ng mambabasa. Ito ay isang maikling salaysay na tumatalakay sa isang madulang bahagi ng buhay. Sa pamamagitan ng masining na pagsasama-sama ng mga pahayag at pangyayari, nailalarawan ang pagkakasunud-sunod ng mga ito, pati na ang kilos, pagtutunggali o galaw. MGA SALIK NG MAIKLING KWENTO KANANGHAYAN - tumutukoy sa banghay o pangkakabalangkas ng mga panyayaring dapat na maging maayos ang pagkakaugnay upang maging marikit matatag at kapanipaniwala. KAKINTALAN - ang tuon ng maikling kataha ay lagi nang may iang panig ng buhay na nais ihatid o ikintal sa isipan ng mambabasa. Ang hangarin ito ay maaaring maganap nang maayos sa pag-alinsunod ng paglalahad sa paningin lamang ng isa sa mga tauhan ng katha, kadalasa'y ng pangunahing tauhan. KAPANAUHAN - ito'y tumutukoy sa di-tuwirang paglalarawan ng tauhan na dapat isagawa ng kalikasan ng mga tauhan sa pmamagitan ng kani-kanilang kilos at pananalita. KAGANYAKAN - ito ang pang-unang suliranin na kailangang maipahiwatig kaagad sa simula pa lamang ng kwento. At upang ang mga mambabasa ay maganyak anaman na magmalasakit sa suliranin ng pangunahing tauhan, kailangang ang naturang suliranin ay hindi lamang maging mahalaga sa pangunahing tauhan kundi sa mga mambabasa na rin. KASIYANGAAN - hinggil ito sa sariling bikas ng manunulat o sa kaniyang kakayahan sa paraan ng pagsulat. PAKSADIWA - Tumutukoy ito sa paksadiwa ng katah na bilang kaluluwa ng kuwento ay kailngang makapagdulot ng kasiyahan sa mambabasa. KAHIMIGAN -ito ay ang kamalayan ng isipan o ang nangngibabaw na damdamin. ito'y maaaring malungkot o masay, dibdiban o mapanuyo, mahinhin o magaso. pinagmulan: Aguilar, R. L., et al. Sining ng kumunikasyon, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. ang isang maikling kwento ay mga kwento na mamaari mong tapusin sa isang upuan lamang ng pagbabasa o kaya'y ang mga kwento na hindi inaabot ng araw para matapos.