PROPERTIES OF GASES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gases may be compressed Gases expand when less pressure is applied.

Gases can be mixed Gases exert a constant pressure on its container walls. Gases have low densities.

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF GASES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gases always move in straight lines and in constant motion Gases are widely spaced Gases collide with each other and with their container walls without loss of kinetic energy Gases behave as individual particles, attraction between them is negligible The actual volumes of gases are insignificant compared to the space they previously occupy

PARAMETERS OF GASES 1. Pressure- chaotic movement of gases make pressure measurement important 1 atm. = 760 mmHg = 760 torr 2. Temperature = gases expand when heated, contract when cooled K = 0C + 273 3. Volume = mL, liter 1 liter = 1000 mL 4. Quantity= grams and or moles GAS LAWS Mathematical statements of the properties and behaviour of gases 1. Boyles Law= At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure VP = K 2. Charles Law= At constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature V/T = K 3. Gay Lussacs Law = At constant volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature P/T = K 4. Combined Gas Law = For a given amount of the gas, any change in the condition of one of the variables will also cause a change in the other two variables in accordance to Boyles Law and Charles law. For this reason we can combine the 2 gas laws into one mathematical equation called combined gas law. VP/T = K 5. Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT Where P=pressure in atm. n = moles of gas derived from P V = K Boyles law P/T = K Charles law P/n = K Combining the 3 laws PV/nT = K PV = nKT PV = nRT

V= volume in liter T = absolute temperature 0 R = 0.082 l-atm/mole K (universal gas constant)

1 mole = 22.4 liters o o 0 C = 273 K 1 atm. molar gas volume

standard conditions of temperature and pressure

6. Avogadros Law = Equal volumes of gases under same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules Means Mole Ratio = Volume Ratio

Example :
CH4
+ 2

O2 >>>>> CO2

2H2O

mole ratio

1 mole CH4 2 moles O2

at STP

volume ratio

1 mole CH4 x 22.4 liter s 2 moles O2 x 22.4 liters

1 2

7. Grahams law of Diffusion= The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass of the gas MW increaseas rate decreases ( slow) MW decreases rate increases (fast)