Mary Jane A.

Diaz

Mrs. Masa

Stem Cell Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Usually, stem cells come from two main sources: Embryonic stem cells derived from a four- or five-day-old human embryo that is in the blasto cyst phase of development. The embryos are usually extras that have been created in IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics where several eggs are fertilized in a test tube, but only one is implanted into a woman. When extracting embryonic stem cells, the blastocyst stage signals when to isolate stem cells by placing the "inner cell mass" of the blastocyst into a culture dish containing a nutrient-rich broth. Lacking the necessary stimulation to differentiate, they begin to divide and replicate while maintaining their ability to become any cell type in the human body. Eventually, these undifferentiated cells can be stimulated to create specialized cells. Adult stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver. They remain in a quiescent or non-dividing state for years until activated by disease or tissue injury. It can divide or self-renew indefinitely, enabling them to generate a range of cell types from the originating organ or even regenerates the entire original organ. Adult stem cells are limited in their ability to differentiate. Stem cell Treatment Case Name: Eric Kombeakali Age: 51 years old Gender: Male Country: Papua New Guinea Diagnosis: Parkinson Disease Treatment: Stem cell implantations, Daily IV of medicines, neural nutrition and protection as well as Physical and Occupational Therapy sessions, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture

Eric began suffering Parkinsons disease in 1999. At the very beginning, there were tremors in his right big toe. It was manageable without any medications until 2007. In the past 4 years, he was able to control his condition with help of conventional treatment. However, in 2010 Erics condition deteriorated and he began suffering tremor, rigidity and slow movement. Medical Condition before Stem Cell Treatment for Parkinsons Disease Upon admission, Eric presented with atypical Parkinsons disease. Rigidity and periodic muscle cramps were noted in his right leg. He couldnt speak clearly, which made it difficult for him to

communicate with others. He was not able to write properly. Muscle tone was high in his four limbs, especially on the right side. He had poor coordination and couldnt walk quickly or straight. Treatment Stem cell implantations, Daily IV of medicines, neural nutrition and protection as well as Physical and Occupational Therapy sessions, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture Medical Condition after Stem Cell Treatment for Parkinsons Disease After the stem cell implantation, there has been remarkable improvement.He can speak clearer than before, which makes it easier for people to understand him. Tremors have reduced significantly. Previously masked, Erics facial expression is richer and more natural than before.The neurological examination before his discharge told us that there is no jerk in his limbs.

Stem cell eye treatment gives sight back - case study A man who was partially blinded after intervening in a fight has had his vision restored by a new stem-cell therapy. Russell Turnbull, 38, lost most of the sight from his right eye in 1994 when he was sprayed in the face with ammonia while trying to break up an altercation on a bus in Newcastle upon Tyne. The chemical burnt his cornea, leaving him with cloudy vision, pain on every blink and extreme sensitivity to light. He has now become one of the first people to benefit from a treatment developed at the North East England Stem Cell Institute in Newcastle, in which stem cells from his good eye were used to repair his damaged one. All eight of the partially sighted patients taking part in the first trial of the therapy have reported improved vision, reduced eye pain and a better quality of life. If the success is repeated in a larger trial of 25 patients, started thanks to support from the Medical Research Council, the procedure could be used to restore the sight of thousands of people with diseased or damaged corneas. This has transformed my life, my eye is almost as good as it was before the accident, he said. Im working, I can go jet-skiing again, and I also ride horses. I have my life back thanks to the operation. Timesonline.com 23rd December 2009 Damaged eye sight is common. One example is limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), in which the retina becomes cloudy and develops a rough surface that causes pain when blinking and sensitivity to light. Scientists can generate replacement stem cells that are spread on to a human amniotic membrane. Then the damaged corneal tissue is then surgically removed and replaced with the stem-cell grafts.