Name Subject Task

: Deni Iskandar : Advance Linguistics : Journal

Phonology
In English language learning, it is important for EFL teacher to teach students on how to pronounce English words correctly. This is because mispronouncing the words will mislead the listener. Therefore, EFL teacher must be familiar with the phonology in English language. Phonology is science that studies sounds in particular language. This area of language is very important, particularly for EFL teachers because many of them mispronounced the English words and planted them on the students. For example, the word great which is supposed to be pronounced /greit/ is pronounced /grit/, the word answer which is supposed to be pronounced /ns/ pronounced / nsw /. Therefore, in pronouncing English words, EFL teachers must be familiar with places of articulation in English such as: stop, fricative, affricative, nasal, and liquid. Moreover, the EFL teacher must know the manner of articulation as well such as: glide, labial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, velar, and glottal. Moreover, since 1888, an effort has been made to create a universal system for transcribing the sound of speech to help the linguists transcribing languages consistently and accurately. This system is famously known as The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) (O'Grady and Archibald 2005). By knowing these features, teacher will be able to minimize the errors in pronouncing English words. Further, phonology is not always about pronouncing English correctly but it also covers stress, pitch and intonation. Stress, pitch, and intonation in English give different color to the words uttered. For instance, in conversation, to form question, it is not necessarily required in form of question. For instance so, you are leaving? I think

introducing pitch, stress, and intonation to the students are very important because it will make their English language skill particularly speaking skill more fluently and more natural. However, in determining the stress, teachers should be careful since it will change the class of the word or it will even change the meaning of the word. For instance, the word /record/ for noun and /record/ for verb are both pronounced differently. In accordance with this statement, in Contemporary Linguistics an Introduction edited by William O Grady and John Archibald stated that intonation is very often serve to transfer a wide-ranging meaningful information (O'Grady and Archibald 2005, 39). All in all, learning phonology will contribute a great deal of help for ESL teachers, for phonology deals with element of sounds. This element of sounds includes phonetics, place of articulation, manner of articulation, stress, pitch, and intonation. Furthermore, learning phonology will help teacher minimizing errors in pronouncing and articulating English words.

Name Subject Task

: Deni Iskandar : Advance Linguistics : Journal

Morphology
Morphology is the study of word formation. As its name suggests, the study of morphology deals important insight of how language works, exposing the different needs of words categories and modifying words in various ways (O'Grady and Archibald 2005, 112). Morphology applied in education will help the teachers particularly EFL teachers to understand the nature of the language system. This is because studying morphology means studying the system of the language works. Unlike Phonology whose main focus simply on the element of the sound, Morphology deals solely with how the words are formed and structured. Discussing about how the words are formed and structured lead to the morpheme of language. Morpheme is the smallest unit of language that carries the information about meaning or function (O'Grady and Archibald 2005, 113). Moreover, this morpheme is divided into free morpheme and bound morpheme. Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself; bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element. For instance the word boy is free morpheme because it can be used as a word on its own; in addition, the word plural s is bound morpheme because it must be attached to another word. So why would we need to know about this? Knowing this morpheme will help us modifying or even changing the class of the word. This is due to the morpheme, bound morpheme, comes with many forms such as suffixes -or,- ist, -ian, -ment-, -er, and many others.

From this one advantage the writer mentioned, the students could have formed hundreds or even thousands words. Therefore, one of the ways to enrich students vocabulary is by introducing them to prefixes and suffixes which are the bound morpheme of English language. Moreover, by knowing the types of morpheme in English language, it will make teacher easier to identify any new word which is a result of derivation. For example in order to understand the word crucifixion the teacher needs to find the base of the morpheme which is crucify (v). By adding (x) ion the meaning changes from to kill someone by fastening them to a cross to the act of killing someone by fastening them to a cross and leaving them to die. To conclude, one of the advantages in learning morphology is to understand the nature of words such as how the word is formed and structured. Therefore, learning morphology itself will help students to be more creative in creating new words, for they have learned how to form the words.