DRUG STUDY MECHAN INDICAT ISM OF ION ACTION Nitrates Prevention 1.

Name: are drugs and Isosorbid that treatment e act directly of Angina mononitra on the Pectoris in te smooth Adults (ISMN) muscle to cause relaxation >brand name: and to Imdur depress muscle tone. classifica tion: Antianginal drugs >Dosage 30 mg/tab, 1 tab >Route: Per Orem >Freque ncy: Once a day DRUG CONTRAINDIC ATION The presence of any allergies to nitrates. These drugs are also contraindicated in the following conditions: Severe anemia, head trauma or hemorrhage, pregnancy and lactation. ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING CONSIDER ATION (CNS): > Instruct Headache, patient to dizziness take and medication as myasthenia. directed, even (GI): N & V if feeling and better. incontinence >Take missed doses (CV): Hypot as soon as en-sion. remembered. > Doses of (SKIN): isosorbide Flushing, dinitrate pallor sweating should be and increased taken at least perspiration. 2 hr apart >Daily doses of isosorbide mononitrate should be taken 7 hr apart. Do not double doses. >Do not discontinue abruptly. Caution patie nt to make position changes slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension.

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MECHANI SM OF ACTION 2. Name: Insulin is a Humulin N naturally occurring classificati hormone on: made by the Intermediate pancreas acting that helps insulin/ our body Neutral use or store protamine the glucose Hagerdon(N (sugar) it PH) insulin gets from food. Insulin >Onset: is injected 3-4 hours under the skin to help >Peak: lower blood 4-12 hours glucose levels. >Duration : 16-20 hours >Route: Subcutane ous >Frequen cy: Twice a day, 15 u in the morning and afternoon.

DRUG

INDICATI ON It is used for people with diabetes, in which either the pancreas does not make enough insulin to meet the body's requirement s, or the body cannot properly use the insulin that is made.

CONTRAI NDICATION Contraindica ted: >if allergic to NPH insulin or to any of the ingredients of the medication

ADVERS E EFFECT > redness, itching, or swelling at the site of the injection.

NURSING CONSIDERAT ION >Instruct patient to take insulin after meal. >The appearance of the insulin should be well noted. It is white and cloudy. >Blood glucose level should be monitored regularly to know if there is a need to change the dosage. >Instruct to rotate injection site to prevent changes in fatty tissue. >Hypoglycemia is a common complication and the patient should be aware of to the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

>signs of hypoglyce mia: (anxiety, blurred >has vision, diabetic confusion, coma difficulty speaking >has low dizziness, blood drowsiness, glucose (hypoglycem fast heartbeat, ia) headache, hunger , nausea, numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, or tongue, sweating, tiredness, trembling, and weakness

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DRUG

MECHA NISM OF ACTION

INDICA TION

CONTRAIN -DICATION

ADVERSE EFFECT

NURSING CONSIDER ATION

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6. Name: Atorvast atin >Brand name: Lipitor classific ation: Lipidlowering drug >Dosage 10 mg/tab, 1 tab >Route: Per Orem >Freque ncy: Once a day at bedtime

Atorvastat in is an oral drug that lowers the level of cholest erol in the blood. It prevents the productio n of cholestero l in the liver by blocking HMGCoA reductase, an enzyme that makes cholestero l.

Atorvasta Contraindicat ed with tin is used allergy for the treatment toAtorvastati n, Pregnancy of and lactating elevated mothers. total cholestero l, LDL, triglyceri des and to elevate HDL cholestero l. It also prevents heart attacks and strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes with multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Minor side effects include constipatio n, diarrhea, fatigue, gas, heartb urn, and headache. Atorvastatin may cause liver and muscle damage.

> Instruct patient that the medication can be taken with or without food as directed by the doctor. > Instruct to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using this medication unless the doctor instructs you otherwise because it can increase the amount of the medication in the bloodstream. > If taking certain other drugs to lower cholesterol, take atorvastatin at least 1 hour before or at least 4 hours after taking these medications.

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