Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Report
Theme:"CNC Programming"
Chisinau 2012
Contents
CHAPTER 1: Introduction....................................................................................3 1.1 Before CNC....................................................................................................................3 CHAPTER 2: How CNC Works...............................................................................5
3.1.................................................................................................................T
he CNC control.....................................................................................................................8
3.2.................................................................................................................G
10 Command.......................................................................................................................9
3.3.................................................................................................................C
AM System..........................................................................................................................9
3.4...............................................................................................................D
NC system.........................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 4: References
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control and has been around since the early 1970's. Prior to this, it was called NC, for Numerical Control. (In the early 1970's computers were introduced to these Controls, hence the name change.) While people in most walks of life have never heard of this term, CNC has touched almost every form of manufacturing process in one way or another. [MAK05]
By comparison, the CNC equivalent for a drill press (possibly a CNC machining center or CNC drilling & tapping center) can be programmed to perform this operation in a much more automatic fashion. Everything that the drill press operator was doing manually will now be done by the CNC machine, including: placing the drill in the spindle, activating the spindle, positioning the workpiece under the drill, machining the hole, and turning off the spindle.
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to operate CNC equipment such as lathes, routes, and milling equipment. Tool paths define the movement of CNC tooling according to highlyautomated routines. In turn, CNC machine control systems use CNC software to control both machines and processes. Software-based CNC controllers may provide capabilities ranging from simple point-to-point linear control to highly-complex algorithms with multiple axes of control. Specialized computer numerical control software and proprietary computer numerical control software is also available. Computer numerical control software (CNC) is designed to read CNC programs and activate a series of machine commands in sequential order. As instruction sets, CNC programs are written in a sentence-like format and with a specific syntax. CNC words begin with lettered addresses and define variables such as speed and axis motion. When grouped together, they form commands that are read by the software-based CNC control. Typically, CNC software runs on an off-the-shelf PC interfaced to the machine tool's servo system. Personal computers with computer numerical control software (CNC) do not require specialized hardware such as a programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or motion control cards. The CNC software performs all of the functions of a hardware-based CNC controller, including the human-machine interface (HMI) and
Most machining centers can hold many tools in a tool magazine. When required, the required tool can be automatically placed in the spindle for machining. Spindle speed and activation
The spindle speed (in revolutions per minute) can be easily specified and the spindle can be turned on in a forward or reverse direction. It can also, of course, be turned off.
Coolant Many machining operations require coolant for lubrication and cooling purposes. Coolant can be turned on and off from within the machine cycle.
As applications get more complicated, and especially when new programs are required on a regular basis, writing programs manually becomes much more difficult. To simplify the programming process,
a computer aided manufacturing (CAM) system can be used. A CAM system is a software program that runs on a computer (commonly a PC) that helps the CNC programmer with the programming process. Generally speaking, a CAM system will take the tediousness and drudgery out of programming. In many companies the CAM system will work with the computer aided design (CAD) drawing developed by the company's design engineering department. This eliminates the need for redefining the workpiece configuration to the CAM system. The CNC programmer will simply specify the machining operations to be performed and the CAM system will create the CNC program (much like the manual programmer would have written) automatically. [BRA09]
CHAPTER 4: References
[MAK05]- William Makely- "Numbers Take Control: NC Machines", Cutting Tool
Engineering, Volume 57 Number 8, August 2005
[WEI06]-Weisberg, David- "The Engineering Design Revolution", June 2006 [VAS08]-Vasilash, Gary.-"Man of Our Age", Automotive Design & Production,
July 2008
[BRA09]-Michael Braun- Excel Worksheet for CNC, January 2009 [DMG09]-DMG-Innovative Technologies, June 2009 [HUR09]- Hurco USA Catalog, September 2009 [TRA09]-Travel Guide - CNC Machine Buying Guide, November 2009 [RUS**]- JOHN RUSKIN, English Social Reformer (1819 - 1900)