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VSRD-IJEECE, Vol. 2 (1), 2012, 16-21

RESEARCH COMMUNICATION RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Modelling of 5-Level Inverter Controlled With DVR Technique

1

Bipin Singh* , 2KP Singh and 3AN Tiwari

ABSTRACT
This type of converter is suitable for high voltage and high power applications. This multilevel inverter has ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonics spectrum. This paper deals with modelling and simulation of five- level inverter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). The control of DVR that injects a voltage in series with a distribution feeder is presented. DVR is a power electronic controller that can protect sensitive loads from disturbances in supply system. There are numerous topologies has been introduced and widely studied for utility and drive application. In this work a study of 5-level inverter controlled with DVR technique. MATLAB software is used for simulate the 5-level inverter controlled with DVR technique. Keywords : MATLAB Simulink, 5- level Inverter, Series Compensation, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR).

1. INTRODUCTION
A power electronic converter based series compensator that can protect critical loads from all supply side disturbances other than outages is called a dynamic voltage restorer. The restorer is capable of generating or absorbing independently controllable real and reactive power at its AC output terminal. This device employs solid state power electronic switches in a pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter structure. It injects a set of three phase AC output voltages in series and synchronism with the distribution feeder voltages. The amplitude and phase angle of the injected voltages are variable there by allowing control of the real and reactive power exchange between the device and the distribution system. The DC input terminal of the restorer is connected to an energy source or an energy storage device of appropriate capacity. The reactive power exchanged between the restorer and the distribution system is internally generated by the restorer without AC passive reactive components. The real power exchanged at the restorer output AC terminals is provided by the restorer input DC terminal from an external energy source or energy storage system. In August 1996, Westinghouse Electric Corporation installed worlds first dynamic voltage restorer in Duke Power Companys 12.47 kV substations in
____________________________ 1

Research Scholar, 2,3Assistant Professor, 1,2,3Department of Electrical Engineering, MMM Engineering College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. *Correspondence : singhbipin08@gmail.com

Bipin Singh et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 2 (1), 2012

Anderson, South Carolina. This was installed to provide protection to an automated rug manufacturing plant. Prior to this connection, the restorer was first installed at the Waltz Mill test facility near Pittsburgh for the full power tests [1]. Faults at either the transmission or distribution level may cause voltage sag or swell in the entire system or a large part of it. Also, under heavy load conditions, a significant voltage drop may occur in the system. Voltage sags can occur at any instant of time, with amplitudes ranging from 10 90% and a duration lasting for half a cycle to one minute [2]. The Fig. 1 shows the series connection of a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) between the utility source and loads, through a coupling transformer. Conventionally, the series voltage Vo is injected through a coupling transformer, whose main functions are to provide voltage boosting (Vo/Vo > 1) and electrical isolation between the phases. Usage of a transformer, however, has the disadvantage of making the DVR bulky and costly, the other disadvantages, as summarized in [3]. To overcome these disadvantages, has proposed the series/parallel connection of semiconductor switches, or H -bridges, to develop high voltage DVR (HVDVR), which can be connected directly to the utility grid without a coupling transformer. This study begins by analyzing different topological possibilities for implementing the HVDVR with the main aim of designing a reliable custom power conditioner. The next letter next presents an open-loop control scheme with Posicast compensator incorporated for damping transient voltage oscillations at the instant of voltage injection (an issue which has not been actively investigated for DVR) [4]. The Posicast-based open-loop control is subsequently improved by adding a parallel multifeedback-loop control path to give two-degrees-of-freedom in control tuning. This feedback path uses the P+resonant compensator to force the steady-state voltage error to zero, hence, enhancing the DVR load voltage regulation performance [5]. All principles presented have been verified in Matlab/Simulink simulation using a cascaded five-level inverter.

Fig. 1 : System Configuration With Dynamic Voltage Restoration It can also perform the primary functions of the restorer, i.e., to protect the load from temporary voltage interruption, sag/swell etc. This device is called a dynamic voltage regulator (DVR). For the control operation of DVR we stipulate that real power supplied by the device.

2. MULTILEVEL INVERTERS
The multilevel voltage source inverters have unique structure therefore output reach high voltages with low harmonics without the use of transformers or series-connected synchronized switching devices. The main function of the multilevel inverter is to synthesize a desired voltage wave from several levels of dc voltages.

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Due to this reason, multilevel inverters provide the high power required of a large electric drive. As we try to increase the number of levels, the synthesized output waveform has more steps, which produces a staircase waveform that approaches a desired waveform. Also, due to more steps are added to the waveform, the harmonic distortion of the output wave decreases, approaching zero as the number of levels increases. As the number of levels increases, the voltage that can be extended by summing multiple voltage levels. Due to the structural property of the multilevel inverter no voltage sharing problems are encountered by the active devices [6].

2.1. Classification of Multilevel Inverter

Multilevel inverters are classified in circuit topology as : Diode clamped multilevel inverter Flying capacitor multilevel inverter Series H-bridge multilevel inverter

The Cascaded multilevel H-bridge inverter utilizing capacitor voltage sources is given. Active Harmonic elimination for Multilevel Inverters is given (Du et al., 2006). A survey of topologies, controls and applications of multilevel inverters is given reduced common mode modulation. But in this inverter cascade multilevel inverter use all these topology.

3. 5-LEVEL INVERTER
The proposed multilevel inverter for five level inverter is shown in fig.2. The inverter consists of eight switches and two DC separate sources with the load. By switching the GTO at appropriate firing angle, and obtained the five level output voltage. GTO is good for high voltage performance.

Fig. 2 : Circuit diagram of Five Level Proposed Inverter

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Bipin Singh et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 2 (1), 2012

3.1. Switching States for this Circuit

Switching states of the circuit shows that which switch will be on at a particular time . All the five different switching states are shown in table. Switching states of the circuit shows that which switch will be ON at a particular time interval. Two cascade inverter different switching states are shown in table. GTO is used for switching, because GTO have high voltage rating. S1 0 1 0 0 0 S2 0 0 0 1 0 S3 0 0 0 1 0 S4 0 1 0 0 0 S5 0 0 1 0 0 Switching Sequence S6 S7 S8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Output Voltage 0 V1 V2 -V1 -V2

3.2. Feature of Proposed Five level inverter

1. GTOs have higher voltage rating than the other power devices. 2. Same number of switches is used compare to Three level inverter. The output voltage waveform of 5-level inverter shown in fig.3.
Voltage output 200

150

100

50
Voltage (V)

-50

-100

-150

-200

0.05

0.1 Time (sec)

0.15

0.2

0.25

Fig. 3 : Output Voltage of Five level Inverter The output current waveform of 5-level inverter shown in fig.4.
x 10
-4

current output

1.5

0.5
Current (amp)

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

0.05

0.1 Time (sec)

0.15

0.2

0.25

Fig. 4 : Output Voltage of Five level Inverter

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Simulation result are shown by the help of the MATLAB/simulink for proposed five level inverter controlled with DVR . The results are shown by the inverter and controlled with DVR technique. The battery of 100

volt dc each is choosen for input supply.Generally the load of industries is R-L load hence load is considered as R-L load. The GTOs are used for high voltage application. The output voltage is phase voltage of one phase of three phase supply.The three phase supply is obtained by together connecting three units of this inverter it comprises five levels.

4.1. Simulation Circuit of Five level Inverter Controlled with DVR

The MATLAB simulation circuit for five level inverter controlled with DVR which comprises GTOs switches for producing output waveform is shown in fig.5.

Fig. 5 : Five Level Inverter Controlled with DVR

4.2. Output Voltage waveform of five level controlled with DVR

The output voltage waveform of different load such as load-1 and load-2 is shown in fig.6.

Fig. 6 : Output Voltage across External load-1 and load-2

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Bipin Singh et. al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 2 (1), 2012

5. CONCLUSION
The simulation of the five level inverter controlled with DVR technique is successfully done using with pulse width modulation technique. The circuit modelling and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) using cascaded five level inverter. However, under input disturbances noise is present in the response characteristics. Multilevel cascade inverter with separate dc sources has been proposed for sensitive load. Simulation results have shown that with control strategy that operate the switches at fundamental frequency. DVR structure is studied and the corresponding results are presented. The heating is reduced since the harmonics in the output of cascaded inverter are less. The simulation is based on the assumption of balanced load and single phase circuit model is considered. The simulation results are in line with the predictions.

6. FUTURE WORK
The work presented over here is essentially theoretical and analytical in nature. It is felt that the required modification in design details needed in five level inverter controlled with DVR as proposed in the present work will be advantage to future designers of such systems. The detail simulink model can be used with modifications for achieving an optimization in the design.

7. REFERENCES
[1] N.H.Woodley, L.Morgan and A.Sundaram, Experience with an inverter-base dynamic voltage restorer, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 14, No.3, pp.1181-1185, 1999. [2] IEEE Std. 1159 1995, Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. [3] Li, B.H., S.S. Cho and D.M. Vilathgamuwa, 2002. Transformerless Dynamic Voltage Restorer. Proc. Instit. Elec. Eng. Gener. Transm. Distrib., 149(2): 263-273. [4] Hung, J.Y., 2003. Feeedback control W ith Posicast. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 50: 94-99. [5] Zmood, D.N., D.G. Holmes and G. Bode, 2001.Frequency domain analysis of three phase linear current regulators. IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., 37: 601-610. [6] Leon M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, T. G. Habetler, Multilevel converters for large Electric Drives [7] A.Ghosh and A.Joshi, A new approach to load balancing and power factor correction in power distribution system, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.15, No.1, pp.417-422, 2000. [8] S. J. Finney, A. M. Massoud, and B. W. Williams, A comparison of Three-level converters versus twolevel converter for low voltage drives, traction and utility application, in 11th International Conference on harmonics and power Quality, 2004.

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