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Everyday Greetings
"Good morning."
"Good afternoon."
"Good evening."
"Goodbye."
"Good night."
"Good night."
Special Greetings
"Happy Christmas." or
"Merry Christmas."
"Happy Easter."
"Congratulations!" or
"Well done!"
or
etc...
Shaking Hands
When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake their hand and say "How do you do?" or "Pleased to meet you." "How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello".
When young people meet informally they sometimes say "Give me five!" and slap their hands together (high five).
Naturally speaking
You say hello, and I say goodbye! Follow the dialogue. Mr Bean meets Mrs Breuer, one of his students, and her husband in the street. Mr Bean: Mrs Breuer: Mr Bean: Mrs Breuer: Mr Breuer: Mr Bean: Mr Breuer:
Good morning, Mrs Breuer. Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you? I'm fine thanks, and you? Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr Bean my English teacher. Pleased to meet you. Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer? Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London?
No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now. Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you. Yes, goodbye.
Introducing others
Responding to an introduction
On Leaving
Lynne, I'd like you to meet John Smith, our salesman. John, this is Lynne Hand.
Lynne Hand.
Possible Greetings Hello, Mrs Hand. It's nice to see you again.
Possible responses What a pleasant surprise! How are you? It's been a while.
Thank you. It's nice to see you too. How are you?
Not too bad, busy as ever. Oh fine. You know how it is.
Informal
!Note - on first meeting say, "It's nice to meet you", and when departing "It was nice to
meet you". For future meetings say, "It's nice to see you again", and when departing, "It was nice to see you again."
Note - in English all countries and adjectives describing the products, people or
services from that country are proper nounsand as such start with a CAPITAL LETTER. For example: Ireland - Irish, Belgium - Belgian
Country Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Britain Canada China Denmark Egypt England Finland France
Nationality Australian Austrian Belgium Brazilian British Canadian Chinese Danish Egyptian English Finnish French
Official Language(s) English Austrian French or Flemish Portugese English English or French Mandarin Danish Arabic English Finnish French
Germany Greece Hungary Italy Japan Korea Mexico Northern Ireland Poland Portugal Russia Scotland
German Greek Hungarian Italian Japanese Korean Mexican Irish Polish Portugese Russian Scottish
South Africa
South African
Southern Ireland
Irish
English
Spain Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands Turkey The UK The USA Wales
Spanish Swedish French / German / Italian Dutch Turkish English English English or Welsh
!Note - the Capital City of a country is the most important town or city of a
country and it is usually the seat of government and administrative centre, the place where the leaders of a country or state meet and work.
Country Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Britain Canada China Canberra Vienna Brussels Brasilia London Ottawa Beijing
Capital City
Denmark Egypt England Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland (Northern) Ireland (Southern) Italy Japan Korea Mexico Nothern Ireland Poland Portugal Russia Scotland
Copenhagen Cairo London Helsinki Paris Berlin Athens Budapest Belfast (regional capital) Dublin Rome Tokyo Seoul Mexico City Belfast Warsaw
South Africa Southern Ireland Spain Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands Turkey The USA Wales
Cape Town Dublin Madrid Stockholm Bern Amsterdam Ankara Washington Cardiff (regional capital)
Test yourself:-
Flags when describing the flag of a particular country you use the adjective that
describes nationality.
Country
Description
The Flag
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Denmark
Egypt
England
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Scotland
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Turkey
The UK
The USA
Wales
aunt boyfriend brother brother-in-law cousin dad daddy daughter daughter-in-law father father-in-law girlfriend godfather godmother grandad grandchildren
ta novio hermano cuado primo/a p papi hija nuera padre suegro novia padrino madrina abuelito, "abue" nietos
granddaughter grandfather grandma grandmother grandpa grandparents grandson great-grandfather great-grandmother husband mother mother-in-law mom mum mummy nephew niece parents sibling sister sister-in-law son son-in-law stepdaughter stepmother stepfather stepson uncle wife
nieta abuelo abuelita, "abue" abuela abuelito, "abue" abuelos nieto bisabuelo bisabuela esposo, marido madre suegra m m mami sobrino sobrina padres hermano/a hermana cuada hijo yerno hijastra madrastra padrastro hijastro to esposa, mujer
firstborn oldest youngest the baby of the family twins adopted orphan relative acquaintance generation ancestors descendants
primognito el/la mayor el/la menor el benjamn de la familia gemelos adoptado hurfano/a pariente conocido generacin antepasados descendientes
Jobs http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/jobs.htm
Useful Vocabulary
Double click on any word to listen to the pronunciation. (Allow popups).
accountant(s)
baker(s)
barber(s)
barman (barmen)
builder(s)
butcher(s)
carpenter(s)
cashier(s)
chambermaid(s)
chef(s)
cleaner(s)
dentist(s)
doctor(s)
electrician(s)
engineer(s)
fireman (firemen)
fishmonger(s)
flight attendant(s)
hairdresser(s)
judge(s)
lawyer(s)
nurse(s)
optician(s)
painter(s)
photographer(s)
plumber(s)
policeman (policemen)
porter(s)
post[wo]man (post[wo]men)
receptionist(s)
reporter(s)
sales assistant(s)
sales representative(s)
scientist(s)
secretary (secretaries)
surgeon(s)
tailor(s)
teacher(s)
technician(s)
vet(s)
waiter(s)
welder(s)
Build Up
Work - What do they do? Where do they work?
Job
What do they do? Look after the finances in an organisastion. Bake bread. Shave men's beards and cut men's hair.
Accountants
Bakers
Barbers
Barmen/women
Serve drinks.
They work in a bar, pub or restaurant. They work in a butchers. They work in a hotel. They work in a kitchen. They work in a dentists. They work in a hospital or surgery. They work in a fishmongers. They work in an airplane. They work in a hair salon. They work in a law court. They work in a law court and in a lawyers office. They work in a hospital or doctor's surgery.
Prepare and sell meat. Clean and tidy rooms. Prepare and cook food. Look after people's teeth.
Doctors
Fishmongers
Hair dressers
Judges
Lawyers
Nurses
Opticians
They work in an
opticians. Carry other people's bags and luggage. Meet and greet visitors. Sell goods and look after customers. Arrange appointments, type letters and organise meetings. Operate on people who are sick. Design, make, alter or repair garments, Teach people. Organise and repair technical equipment. They work in a hotel or train station. They work in reception.
Porters
Receptionists
Sales Assistants
Secretaries
Surgeons
They work in a hospital. They work in factories and shops. They work in a school.
Tailors
Teachers
Technicians
Vets
They work in a veterinary surgery or vets. They work in a restaurant. They work in factories and construction.
Welders
To retire = to leave your job or stop working because of old age or ill health. To Lose Your Job:To be dismissed | To be fired | To get fired | To be sacked | To get the sack | To get the chop | To get your P45 | To lose your job = to be asked to leave a job, usually because you have done something wrong or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving the cost of employing you. To be made redundant = to lose your job because your employer no longer needs you.
Naturally Speaking
These are the most common questions asked in a normal interview with some ideas of how to prepare an answer:This does not mean "Give me your life story". It's your chance to give an overall impression of who you are. Research the company Tell me about yourself. to get an idea of the skills and experience they're looking for, work those into your response. Make sure you concentrate on who you are, your work experience, and relate everything to show that you would be a great candidate for the position. What were your main responsibilities in your last job? What is your biggest accomplishment? Your ability to work well under pressure, prioritizing skills, problemWhat are your greatest strengths / weaknesses? Be honest about a specific weakness, but show what you are doing to overcome it. solving skills, professional expertise, leadership skills, team spirit. Be prepared to give real life examples. Give an example that relates to the job you are interviewing for. Be specific and positive about what you did in your current / previous job. Try to relate them to the job you are being interviewed for.
Why do you want to work for this company? Why do you want to leavel your current job? Or Why did you leave your last job? When can you start?
Be positive. Research the organisation and relate what they offer to your long-term ambitions.
Never say anything bad about your previous employers. Think about leaving for a positive reason.
Yes. Prepare several questions before the interview. You could ask about career / development / training opportunities. Be sure to ask when they'll make their decision.
Dialogue
John has a job interview for a Saturday job Interviewer: So, you've applied for the Saturday position, right? John: Yes, I have.
Interviewer: Can you tell me what made you reply to our advertisement? Well, I was looking for a part-time job to help me through college. And I think that I'd be really good at this kind of work.
John:
Interviewer: Do you know exactly what you would be doing as a shop assistant? Well I imagine I would be helping customers, keeping a check on the supplies in the store, and preparing the shop for business.
John:
Interviewer: That about covers it, you would also be responsible for keeping the front of the store tidy. What sort of student do you regard yourself as . . . did you
enjoy studying while you were at school? I suppose I'm a reasonable student. I passed all my exams and I enjoy studying subjects that interest me.
John:
Interviewer: Have you any previous work experience? John: Yes. I worked part-time at a take-away in the summer holidays.
Interviewer: Now, do you have any questions you'd like to ask me about the position? John: Yes. Could you tell me what hours I'd have to work? We open at 9.00, but you would be expected to arrive at 8.30 and we close at 6.00 pm. You would be able to leave then. Interviewer: I think I have asked you everything I wanted to. Thank you for coming along to the interview. John: Thank you. When will I know if I have been successful?
Interviewer: We'll be making our decision next Monday, we'll give you a call.
Prepositions
Time (1)
When it's "on the hour" we say "o'clock". But only when it's on the hour.
Twelve o'clock
Six o'clock
One o'clock
Seven o'clock
Two o'clock
Eight o'clock
Three o'clock
Nine o'clock
Four o'clock
Ten o'clock
Five o'clock
Eleven o'clock
Because it can be difficult to say whether 12 o'clock is during the day or the night, we use two special terms.
Time (2)
In five minute increments, when it's past the hour (up to 30 minutes past) we say "past". When it's before the hour (after 30 minutes past) we say "to". There are 60 minutes in an hour. 30 minutes is half an hour, we say "half past" or "thirty". 15 minutes is quarter of an hour, we say "quarter past" or "fifteen" or "quarter to" or "fortyfive".
Twelve fifteen Twelve o'clock or Quarter past twelve Twelve thirty Twelve forty-five or or Half past twelve Quarter to one We never say "half to". At other "odd" times, when we want to be accurate, we add the word "minute(s)":-
If you want to avoid trying to remember when to use "minutes" and when not to just say "nearly" or "just turned".
Naturally speaking
Digital clocks often show the time this way using the 24-hour-clock, only the police and the military actually speak using the 24 hour clock:If it's before noon we tend to If it's after noon we say "in say "in the morning". the afternoon".
07:00 It's seven o'clock in the morning 15 minutes past the hour is quarter past:
07:15
14:15
22:15
It's quarter past seven in the morning 30 minutes past the hour is half past:
07:30 It's half past seven in the morning 45 minutes past the hour is quarter to:
or
It's eight.
Work time
There are some common words and phrases that we use to describe the hours we work. At work in the UK we talk about starting time and leaving time. 9-to-5 is a phrase used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job. Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or unremarkable occupation, the idea being that, because the job is so boring, the workplace shuts down outside of required hours. The phrase also indicates that a person is an employee, usually in a large company, rather than selfemployed. More neutrally, it connotes a job with stable hours and low career risk, but still a position of subordinate employment. Overtime is the time we work in addition to what is normal. Overtime is either paid, or unpaid. Full time (full-time) is the term we use to describe the whole of someone's available working time, typically 40 hours in a week, but the European Union's working time directive imposes a 48 hour maximum working week that applies to every member state except here in the United Kingdom (which has an opt-out meaning that UK-based employees may work longer than 48 hours if they wish, but they cannot be forced to do so). Part time (part-time) is the term we use to describe employment with fewer hours per week than a full-time job. Time off is the term we use to describe time for rest or recreation away from one's usual work or studies. Time in lieu refers to taking time off instead of, or in addition to, receiving pay for overtime worked or working on public or bank holidays.
a.m. - stands for Ante Meridiem (the time between midnight and noon) noon or midday
afternoon
evening
night
midnight
There are 24 hours in a day, but only the military, police and computer programmers use the 24-hour clock. When writing or speaking generally we tend to use the 12-hour clock. The 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods called a.m. (Latin "ante meridiem" | English: "before mid day") and p.m. (Latin "post meridiem" | English: "after mid day"). The way people write the time varies. I prefer a.m. and p.m. Choose from the following styles or use what your English teacher tells you to and stick to it:a.m. p.m. am pm
AM PM A.M. P.M. Some people (myself included) use a dot as the separator: 2.30 pm. Some people use a colon as the separator: 2:30 pm. The colon is usually used with the 24hour clock: 14:30. When you are writing the time decide whether to write it using numerals or words, and stick to that.
Sonido
Stop
Holidays (las vacaciones) A holidaymaker: un veraneante A festival: una fiesta Fortnight: quince das Easter: Pascuas Holy Week: Semana Santa Christmas: Navidad Abroad: en el extranjero Beach: la playa Coast: la costa Sunglasses: las gafas de sol In the open air: al aire libre Isolated: aislado
A trip: una excursin Souvenir: el recuerdo Travel agency: una agencia de viajes Tourist office: una oficina de turismo A brochure: un folleto A plan: un plano Climate: el clima Atmosphere: el ambiente Wave: la ola Sand: la arena Sandy: arenoso Tide: la marea Light-house: el faro Entertainment: la distraccin Season: la temporada To go on holiday: ir de vacaciones To relax: relajarse To enjoy oneself: divertirse To have a good time: pasarlo bien To have a bad time: pasarlo mal To go camping: hacer camping To take a photo: sacar una foto To have a snack: merendar To sunbathe: tomar el sol
To get a suntan: broncearse To rent: alquilar To remember: acordarse / recordar To forget: olvidar
Leccion 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Leccion 2
Leccin 2: Listening
Sonido
Stop
Read the following questions carefully. Then listen to the speaker and fill in the questions. You may listen to the speaker a maximum of three times. Robots - The Future They have been around for years. They come in all shapes and sizes. When they were first invented nobody knew their importance. But, how soon will it be before they are so intelligent that they take over jobs which only human beings can do, such as, treating patients or constructing houses? You may wonder what I am talking about..well, I am talking about robots. If we examine the possible advantages that robots could offer us in the future, we see that there are numerous. Just imagine if there was a robot that could carry out all of the housework, drive you about, prepare your food and build houses. How would your life be? I bet millions of people would say, "just perfect". Having a robot to do all these things would undoubtedly save a lot of time and money. However, there are, of course, some disadvantages. I can envisage that in the future, possessing a robot will be very expensive, and perhaps only those elitists will be able to afford them. Something that might worry me a little, would be, 'what if the robot began to malfunction and started to destroy things?' I am sure that in the future, just as there may be robots that are good and helpful, there are also going to be those that are bad and made to kill. This is something extremely important to bear in mind. I think I can conclude by saying that although having a robot in the future could be extremely useful, I personally see more disadvantages than advantages. I am happy with my life at the moment even if I have to do my own ironing and cooking! ------ ooo O ooo -----According to the speaker: What jobs might robots be able to do in the future? What are the advantages of having a robot? What are the main disadvantages? What concerns the speaker?
Beginners
Free time activities A day at the beach At the snow At the park Having a picnic
Intermediate
Camping and hiking Having a tea party Things at the seaside Gardening Hobbies Musical instruments
go camping go fishing go for a bike ride go for a walk go out for a drink go out for dinner go shopping go to a concert go to a party
go to the beach go to the cinema go to the park listen to music play computer games play sport read surf the Internet visit a museum visit an art gallery visit friends watch a movie watch a sporting match watch sport on TV watch TV
beach ball beach towel beach umbrella bucket cooler flippers, fins float frisbee goggles hat snorkel spade sunglasses sunscreen, sun cream surf board swimming cap swimming costume swimming trunks
At the Snow
chair lift chalet gloves, mittens gondola hat ice skates mountain scarf ski goggles ski instructor ski pass, lift pass ski resort ski run ski suit
At the Park
barbecue bins birds cycle track drinking fountain, bubbler ducks fence flowers fountain gardens grass lake path pavilion picnic table plants playground public toilet statue trees
Having a Picnic
ball cooler, esky cups cutlery drinks food frisbee picnic area, park picnic basket, picnic hamper plates rug, blanket thermos umbrella
folding table gas bottle guy ropes hiking boots inflatable mattress lantern map portable stove sleeping bag sleeping roll Swiss army knife tarpaulin tent tent pegs tent poles torch
biscuits cake fork cake server cake stand cakes coffee cup coffee pot dessert plate hot chocolate, hot cocoa milk jug, creamer pastries platter sandwiches saucer serviette, napkin sugar bowl tarts tea cup tea pot teaspoon
anemone beach flags crabs driftwood fish jellyfish lifeguard tower lighthouse limpets ocean pool rock pools
sand sand dunes sea snail sea, ocean seagull seaweed shells starfish waves
Gardening
digging fertiliser fork garden bed gloves grow irrigation mulch pesticide planting plants pot potting mix prune seedlings seeds shears soil spade watering watering can wheelbarrow
Hobbies
coin collecting computer games cooking drawing fishing gardening hiking knitting model making musical instrument painting photography scrapbooking sewing singing sport
accordion banjo cello clarinet cymbal drum flute French horn guitar harp keyboard organ piano recorder saxophone trombone trumpet tuba violin xylophone
Useful Vocabulary
Common Sports
Archery
Badminton
Cricket
Cycling
Darts
Football
Golf
Horse Racing
Snooker
Squash
Table Tennis
Tennis
Contact Sports
Boxing
Judo
Rugby
Wrestling
Water Sports
Angling
Canoeing
Kayaking
Rowing
Sailing
Water Skiing
Winter Sports
Curling
Ice Skating
Skiing
Croquet
Fencing
Hockey
Lacrosse
Polo
Skeet
Build Up
How do you play / do some of these sports?
Badminton A racquet sport played by either two players (singles) or two pairs (doubles). Played on a court divided by a net with racquets and a shuttlecock. You play a game of badminton. /th> Cricket A teamgame, usually played outdoors, on a cricket pitch, with a bat, a cricket ball,
and stumps, There are11 players on each team. You play a cricket match. Darts Darts is played by two players. Darts are thrown at a dart board. You play a game of darts or a darts match. Football A team sport, usually played outdoors, on a football pitch, with a round football, a goal, with two teams of 11 players, and a goalie. You play a game of football or a football match. Golf Usually played by individuals, golf is played on a golf course, using several types of golf clubs and a golf ball. You play a game of golf or a round of golf. Rugby A team sport, played outdoors, on a rugby pitch, with an oval rugby ball, and two teams of 15 players. You play a game of rugby or a rugby match. Tennis A racquet sport played by either two players (singles) or two pairs (doubles). Played on a court divided by a net with racquets and a tennis ball. You play a game of tennis or a tennis match.
Naturally Speaking
Making enquiries Buying a ticket to a sporting event:
How much are the tickets? Who`s playing today? Who`s winning? What`s the score? How much time is left in the game? Which half are we in?
They`re 30 each.
Do you think this game will be a draw? Do you think this team will go to the finals? Do you think your team will be relegated / promoted this year? (Ref: Football)
Dialogue
Mr Smith is discussing the football with his wife. Sport - Conversation Mr. Smith: I`ve been thinking about exchanging our football tickets. Instead of going to Friday's game, I think we should go on Saturday. Then, John and his friend Mark could come with us because they wouldn`t have school the next day. What do you think? Mrs Smith : I think that`s a great idea. I didn`t really like the idea of keeping John out of school just to got to a football match. Mr Smith: Mrs Smith: Mr Smith: I know. So, shall we swap them? Well, first, let me check with Mark`s parents to see if he`s free on Saturday. OK, go for it! (Dials the phone) Mrs Smith: Hello Mark. It`s Joan, Joan Smith, John`s mother. I was wondering are you free this Saturday? And if you are would you like to come to the match with us? Yes, I'm free and I'd love to, but I'll have to check with my parents. Mark: (Pause) Yes, they say it`s fine. I can go. Could you give me a lift though?
Mrs Smith:
That`s great! John will be glad, and of course we can pick you up. How does 2pm sound? Sounds great. I`ll look forward to it. OK, we`ll see you on Saturday and John will see you at school tomorrow. .OK, thanks Mrs. Smith. I can`t wait! OK Mark, we`ll see you then. Have a good evening, give my regards to your
Mrs Smith:
4. FOOD http://www.learnenglish.de/flashcards/fruit.html ,
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/foodveg.htm,
Vegetables
potato (potatoes)
cucumber(s)
pepper(s)
onion(s)
olive(s)
mushroom(s)
lettuce
cauliflower(s)
garlic
courgette(s)
sweetcorn
carrot(s)
cabbage(s)
broccoli
pea(s)
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/foodother.htm
ther Food
white bread
brown bread
bread roll(s)
pasta
rice
marmite
sugar
custard
margarine
biscuit(s)
jam