Family

Is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. In most societies it is the principal institution for the socialization of children. Anthropologists most generally classify family organization as matrilocal (a mother and her children); conjugal (a wife, husband, and children, also called nuclear family; and consanguinal (also called an extended family) in which parents and children co-reside with other members of one parent's family.

Family Structure: The first structure from the four types of is Nuclear. A nuclear family consists of a mother, father, and their biological or adoptive descendants, often called the traditional family. This was the most admired from the four types of structure. It can be can be a fostering environment in which to hoist children as long as there is love, time spent with children, emotional support, low stress, and a constant economic upbringing. The second structure from the four types of family structure is the Single Parent. Its one most outstanding transform from the four types of family structure was the amplified of Single Parent. Children are most likely to live in a single parent structure for reasons other than the death of a parent. One in four children is born with their mothers not married, usually teenage mothers. One of the most luxurious things for a single parent is child care. Single families frequently have less pressure compared to the pressure in families before divorce. Usually parents and children are more eager to work together with each other to find solutions to solve household chores in single parent families. The third structure from the four types of structure is the Extended Family. Extended family is two or more adults from unlike generations of a family, who share a household. It consists of more than parents and children; it may be a family that includes parents, children, cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents, foster children. At times children are raised by their grandparents when their biological parents have died or no longer can take care of them. Extended families can be found all over the world in different communities and countries. In the four types of structure nuclear family is more probable to become an extended family than any other family type.

The fourth and last structure from the four type of family structure is the Childless Family. A childless family is basically a group of people from all variety of backgrounds and all walks of life who, for whatever reason, have never had children. Others will perhaps have children at sometime in the future, but are not prepared just yet, and some sought to have children but were unable to because of a variety of social and/or biological forces that obstruct and result in unplanned childlessness. To replace children, childless families usually have pets as a substitute.

Responsible Parenthood Responsible Parenthood, as defined in the Directional Plan of POPCOM, is the will and ability of parents to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children. It is a shared responsibility of the husband and the wife to determine and achieve the desired number, spacing, and timing of their children according to their own family life aspirations, taking into account psychological preparedness, health status, socio-cultural, and economic concerns. Most modern couples, however, have different attitude toward bringing more children to the world. They ask not only How many children should we have? But even, Should we have any children at all? The responses to these questions are reflected in the current trend toward lower birth rates and smaller families. Among the key variables behind this trend are a growing consciousness and awareness of the world population crisis, the influence of modern culture, the availability of efficient family planning methods, and the skyrocketing costs of bearing, raising, and educating children. The concept of family planning in the Philippines is contraception and planned or responsible parenthood. The concept of family planning in the Philippines is contraception and planned or responsible parenthood. Contraception means the prevention of unwanted pregnancy, while responsible parenthood means the purposeful procreation and socialization of children (Espiritu, 1979). Family Planning and Birth Control Differentiated There was a time when the concept of family planning and birth control was considered one and the same. Today, experts have come up with a clear distinctionthe two are two different concepts. Family Planning aims to prevent pregnancy through the use of contraception, abortion not included; while birth control aims to prevent live births, abortion being the major method.

Family planning is not the same as the artificially-induced abortion. Family planning seeks to prevent the creation of life by presenting obstacles to contraception. Abortion is killing life after it has begun to grow; hence it is considered immoral not only by the Roman Catholic Church but also by other religions (Lugue, 1974). Methods of Contraception There are a number of safe, legal and acceptable methods of contraception available to couples who wish to limit the size of their families. Since there is no perfect, easy, inexpensive means, each woman/man should understand the advantages and the disadvantages of each methods and choose the one that best suits to them. In selecting a method, the following factors must be carefully considered: 1. Safety. The method should be free from harmful side effects both for the person using it and for the sexual partner. 2. Efficacy. It must be effective in preventing unwanted pregnancy. 3. Ease of administration. If it is to be applied by the user like the chemical or mechanical devices, it has to be simple and easy. 4. Cost and availability. The method should not only be cheap but readily available. The recognized family planning methods available are: a. Folk Method (1) Postcoital Douche or Douching. This is done by flushing the vagina with a medicated solution immediately after intercourse to remove or destroy the sperms. The medicated solution might be water, vinegar or other chemical products. (2) Prolonged Lactation. Prolonged breast-feeding of babies is an ancient practice of contraception to delay ovulation. It is, however, not effective because ovulation may return any time two or four months after the delivery of the baby. b. Behavioral Contraceptives Behavioral contraceptives do not need any artificial devices. pregnancy can be prevented by altering the natural process of sexual relations, impeding the union of the egg and sperm cells. These are:

(1). Rhythm Method. It is not only really a form of contraception but is a system of periodic abstinence advocated by those who consider it immoral to interfere with conception by mechanical or chemical means. The couple who indulge in sexual intercourse only on those days of the menstrual cycle during ovulation is theoretically unlikely to occur. (2) Ovulation Method. This technique as advocated by Drs. John and Lyn Billings, observes the mucuous discharge from the vagina as a sign of an impending ovulation and therefore is the beginning of the unsafe period. (3) Withdrawal or Coitus Interruptus. Withdrawal of the penis from the vagina just prior to ejaculation is also a highly unreliable method of pregnancy control. Even practiced perfectly, withdrawal is an unreliable technique because of the emission of a pre-ejaculatory fluid over which the man has no control. This fluid may contain enough sperm to cause pregnancy. A Similar method is called coitus reservatus. Here, the man withholds ejaculation allowing the erection to subside just before the orgasm. The effects, advantages and disadvantages are the same as the withdrawal method. (3) Other behavioral contraceptive methods are oral and anal sex but these are usually considered forms of perversion. c. Mechanical Contraceptives The mechanical contraceptives which are of different forms act as barriers to prevent the sperms from entering the uterus thereby preventing pregnancy. These are: (1) Condom. The condom or the prophylactic, is a protective sheath made of rubber or thin animal skin, which is worn over the erect penis during sexual intercourse. (2) Diaphragm. It is a shallow rubber cup with a flexible spring rim, which is compressed and inserted into the vagina so that it fits snugly to the cervix. (3) Cervical Caps. It is made up of rubber with a tapering dome appearance, designed to fit snugly to the cervix. it is fitted by the doctor and could be left in place from one menstrual period to another. d. Chemical Contraceptives (1). Vaginal Suppositories and Tablets (2). Contraceptive Jellies, Creams and Vaginal Foams

e. Intraurine Devices f. Oral Contraceptives

Rights of a Child Rights of the Child. - All children shall be entitled to the rights herein set forth without distinction as to legitimacy or illegitimacy, sex, social status, religion, political antecedents, and other factors. (1) Every child is endowed with the dignity and worth of a human being from the moment of his conception, as generally accepted in medical parlance, and has, therefore, the right to be born well. (2) Every child has the right to a wholesome family life that will provide him with love, care and understanding, guidance and counseling, and moral and material security. The dependent or abandoned child shall be provided with the nearest substitute for a home. (3) Every child has the right to a well-rounded development of his personality to the end that he may become a happy, useful and active member of society. The gifted child shall be given opportunity and encouragement to develop his special talents. The emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment and competent care. The physically or mentally handicapped child shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition. (4) Every child has the right to a balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter, proper medical attention, and all the basic physical requirements of a healthy and vigorous life. (5) Every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and the strengthening of his character. (6) Every child has the right to an education commensurate with his abilities and to the development of his skills for the improvement of his capacity for service to himself and to his fellowmen.

(7) Every child has the right to full opportunities for safe and wholesome recreation and activities, individual as well as social, for the wholesome use of his leisure hours. (8) Every child has the right to protection against exploitation, improper influences, hazards, and other conditions or circumstances prejudicial to his physical, mental, emotional, social and moral development. (9) Every child has the right to live in a community and a society that can offer him an environment free from pernicious influences and conducive to the promotion of his health and the cultivation of his desirable traits and attributes. (10) Every child has the right to the care, assistance, and protection of the State, particularly when his parents or guardians fail or are unable to provide him with his fundamental needs for growth, development, and improvement. (11) Every child has the right to an efficient and honest government that will deepen his faith in democracy and inspire him with the morality of the constituted authorities both in their public and private lives. (12) Every child has the right to grow up as a free individual, in an atmosphere of peace, understanding, tolerance, and universal brotherhood, and with the determination to contribute his share in the building of a better world.