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Date and Time 1.

Time
Lets start with simple dialogue sentences about time, the question and different answers. Time - English What time is it? It is ten oclock. It is five past ten. It is five past five. It is five past six. It is five past three. It is quarter past ten. It is ten twenty. It is half past ten. It is ten thirty five. It is ten forty. It is quarter to eleven. It is ten to eleven. It is eleven. Turkish (Parantheses for explanation only) Saat ka? Saat on (10). Saat onu (10-i) be (5) geiyor. Saat bei (5-i) be (5) geiyor. Saat alty (6-[y]-i) be (5) geiyor. Saat (3-i) be (5) geiyor. Saat onu (10-i) eyrek (quarter) geiyor. Saat onu (10-i) yirmi (20) geiyor. Saat on (10) buuk (half). Saat on bire (11-e) yirmi be (25) var. Saat on bire (11-e) yirmi (20) var. Saat on bire (11-e) eyrek (quarter) var. Saat on bire (11-e) on (10) var. Saat on bir (11).

Now, time to explain the words and phrases used in this table. Lets start with the question, Saat ka?. Word by word:

Saat --> Hour Ka --> How many

It is not perfectly logical, but the question sentence used for asking the time is Saat ka?. Then, you may say, how do you ask how many hours? To say How many hours? you would say Ka saat?. Saat ka? is a special phrase for asking the time which otherwise would not be very meaningful. More or less the same is true for the answer. The best thing is to try to learn the main phrase instead of trying to learn the logic, because the logic used here does not apply to other cases in the language. You basically say "Saat xxx.".

From the exact hour to half past, you say the time as minutes past hour. From half past to the next hour, convention is to sat the time as minutes to hour.

The word for past is geiyor. The word for to is var. The word for half is buuk. The word for quarter is eyrek.

The general phrase for "It is minutes past hours" is: Saat hours-i minutes geiyor. (Note the vowel harmony rules for the suffix -i) And the general phrase for "It is minutes to hours" is: Saat hours-e minutes var. (Note the vowel harmony rules for the suffix -e)

2. Date
Lets start with the days of the week and months: English Days of the week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Pazar Pazartesi Sal aramba Perembe Cuma Cumartesi Months January February March April May June July August September Ocak ubat Mart Nisan Mays Haziran Temmuz Austos Eyll Turkish

October November December

Ekim Kasm Aralk

2.1. Day of the week


A simple conversation about the day of the week would be like the following: English A. Whats the day? B1. Today is Monday. B2. Monday. Turkish A. Bugn gnlerden ne? B1. Bugn gnlerden pazartesi. B2. Pazartesi.

Lets examine the parts of the question sentence first: bu --> this gn --> day bugn --> today gnler --> days gnlerden --> from the days (also means among the days) ne --> what

Putting all these words together, the direct translation of Bugn gnlerden ne? would be Today among the days what?. Funny? Thats the way you ask the day of the week. After these explanations and translations, the answer sentence should be clear.

2.2. Whole Date


To ask the date, you say: -Bugnn tarihi ne? -14 Temmuz 2004.

Vocabulary: bugn --> today tarih --> date bugnn tarihi --> todays date ne --> what

Using these, the direct translation of the question sentence would be: Todays date what? . Actually, this is how you form a regular question sentence in Turkish. You shouldnt worry about this yet, well cover it later in another lesson.

The answer doesnt need much explanation. The day number, followed by months name, and finally the year. The day number and the year are both read as a regular numbers. For reading years, it is always read as a whole as a single number. Years are never read as two parts like it is done in English in the case of 1996 (nineteen ninety six). The way you read this year in Turkish would be bin dokuz yz doksan alt (one thousand nine hundred ninety six).

3. Seasons
Lets see the words used for seasons in Turkish: English spring summer fall, autumn winter Turkish bahar or ilkbahar yaz sonbahar or gz k

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