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Lesson 2
Method)
Since the derivative is defined as the limit of the difference quotient, the concept of limits can be applied in finding the derivatives. If for a fixed value of x, the quotient approaches to a limit as x 0, this limit is called the derivative of y with respect to x for a given value of y and is denoted by dx . dy
Steps in finding the derivative of a function using the increment method: 1. Substitute all values of xs in the given function y = f (x) by x + x. 2. Subtract the given function from the values in step 1 and simplify. 3. Divide the result in step 2 by x. 4. Take the result in step 3 as x 0.
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Illustrative Examples: 1. Find the derivative of y = 2x + 3. Step 1. Substitute all xs by x + x. y = 2 ( x + x) + 3 Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. y = 2 ( x + x) + 3 ( 2x + 3) = 2x + 2x + 3 2x 3 y = 2x Step 3. Divide the result in step 2 by x. y = 2x x
y = 2. Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as x 0. Since there is no x in the last equation in step 3, therefore, the derivative of y = 2x + 3 as x 0 is 2. 2. Find the derivative of y = 3x2 6x + 1. Step 1. Substitute all xs by x + x. y = 3 ( x + x)2 6 (x + x) + 1 Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. y = 3 (x + x)2 6 (x + x) + 1 (3x2 6x + 1) = 3 (x2 + 2x2 + 2x2) 6x 6x + 1 3x2 + 6x 1 = 3x2 + 6x2 + 32x2 6x 6x + 1 3x2 + 6x 1 y = 6x2 + 32x2 6x Step 3. Divide the result in step 2 by x. x 2 + 32 x 2 6x y = x y = 6x + 3 x - 6 Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as x 0.
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Lim y = 6x + 3 x 6 x 0
Step 2. Subtract the given function from the values from step 1 and simplify. y= Simplifying, y = (2x 4) (3x + 3x + 5) (3x + 5)(2x + 2x 4) (2x + 2x 4) (2x 4) y= 22x (2 x + 2x 4)(2 x 4) 3( x + x) + 5 3x + 5 2( x + x) 4 2x 4
y=
Step 4. Take the limit of the result for step 3 as x 0. 22 x (2 x + 2x 4)(2 x 4) 22 (2 x 4)(2 x 4)
Lim y = x 0
y =
235 22 (2 x 4) 2 Exercise 2 The Increment Method Name: ________________________________ Date: Year and Section: ______________________ Score: ____________ ____________
y =
Find the derivatives of the following functions using the increment method. 1. y = - 15
2. y = - x + 10
3. y = 4x 12
4. y = 3x2 2x + 5
5. y = 6x2 + 10x 3
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6. y =
2x + 5 3x 2
7. y =
x2 +1 11x + 5
8. y =
1 x
9. y =
5x 4
10. y =
2x 5 3x
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