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Continuation From Sakshi Vidya 12-6-2011

Tense the important part in a Sentence..

TENSES
The word TENSE is derived from a Latin word TEMPUS which means TIME. So Tense means Time. There are three main tenses 1. PRESENT TENSE 2. PAST TENSE & 3. FUTURE TENSE Every main tense has four Sub-Tenses. So there are twelve (12) Sub-Tenses in English language. Talking time is base for recognizing Present Tense, Past Tense & Future Tense SUB-TENSES OF PRESENT TENSE 1. Simple Present Tense (Imp. for TET) 2. Present Continuous Tense (Imp. for TET) 3. Present Perfect Tense (Imp. for TET) 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Imp. for TET) SUB-TENSES OF PAST TENSE 1. Simple Past Tense (Imp.for TET) 2. Past Continuous Tense 3. Past Perfect Tense (Imp.for TET) 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense SUB-TENSES OF FUTURE TENSE 1. Simple Future Tense (Imp.for TET) 2. Future Continuous Tense 3. Future Perfect Tense (Imp.for TET) 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense MAIN POINTS OF A SUB-TENSE Each Sub-Tense has four important points 1. Situation 2. Syntax

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3. Rule 4. Key Words (Imp. For TET)

1. SITUATION :- It guides us to use an appropriate sub tense to an appropriate situation 2. SYNTAX :- Syntax is a Latin word that means Construction of a Sentence. It shows Verb Combination of a sub tense

How to construct a sentence ? If we want to construct a sentence we should select one helping verb and one main verb. It is called Verb Combination. By concentrating on verb combination we can recognise the sub tense of the sentence and understand the meaning of the sentence. Verb Combination Its Exception (Very important note ) The Positive Passive Voice Structures of Simple Present Tense and Simple Past Tense do not have helping verbs. They have only v1 & v2 in their structures respectively. 3. RULE:- It guides us the rule to be followed while framing an appropriate sub tense 4. KEY WORDS / TIME WORDS :- The particular words to be used in the particular sub-tense (Important For Correction Of Sentences While Taking Exams) PRESENT TENSE Simple Present Tense :Situation :- It is used to express the following actions Habitual Actions (imp for TET ) Universal truths (imp for TET ) Substitute to Simple Future Tense Indefinite Actions Historic Present Tense SYNTAX :-

Sub + v1 +Obj

should be added to v1 of the sentence.

RULE :- If 3rd person singular number (he, she, it or any noun ) comes in subject place s, es or ies

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KEY WORDS :- always, often, usually, everyday, sometimes, now and then, weekly once, once in a week, on Sundays, frequently, rarely, seldom, once in a blue moon, normally, generally, hardly Note:- When ever any of the following verbs comes in a sentence, it should be constructed in either Simple Present Tense or in Simple Past Tense o The verbs relating to sense of perception:- see, hear, smell, feel, etc., o The verbs relating to appearing:- appear, seem, look , etc., o The verbs relating to emotions:- want, wish, desire, like, love, hate, refuse, prefer, etc., o The verbs relating to thinking or mind:- think , suppose, agree, believe, consider, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, understand, mind, imagine, etc., Eg. Everyday, they go to college. Weekly once, we visit my uncles house Everyday,Shyamala goes to college. Weekly once, he visits my uncles house

USAGE OF DO FORMS - do, does & did 1. If we want to change a positive statement(PS) into a negative statement (NS)we should supply the word not after the helping verb of the sentence. 2. The positive statements of Simple Present Tense & Simple Past Tense do not have helping verbs in their structures. 4. For changing positive statements of Simple Present Tense and Simple Past Tense into negatives, we should provide helping verbs in their structures. If we want to change a positive statement into a question we should use helping verb before the subject of the sentence. 3. For changing positive statements of Simple Present Tense and Simple Past Tense into questions we should provide helping verbs in their structures. Those are do forms do, does & did
do & does for Simple Present Tense did for Simple Past Tense Note:- If any of do- forms (do, does or did) come in any sentence, the main verb of the sentence should be in v1

P.S: They sing a song N.S: They do not sing a song P.Q: Do they sing a song ? N.Q: Dont they sing a song ? P.S: She sings a song N.S: She does not sing a song P.Q: Does she sing a song ? N.Q: Doesnt she sing a song ? P.S: They sang a song N.S: They did not sing a song P.Q: Did they sing a song ? N.Q: Didnt they sing a song ?

Present Continuous Tense :Situation :- It is used for expressing on going actions at the movement of talking.

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SYNTAX :-

Sub + am / is /are + ing form +Obj

RULE I am+ ing form +obj YOU HE SHE IT ANY NOUN WE THEY NOUNS with and NOUN (Pl)

is + ing form +obj

are + ing form +obj

KEY WORDS :- Now, at present, see, look, dont disturb, still etc., Eg:Ravi is going to market Leena is buying mango fruit Present Perfect Tense :Situation :- It is used to express the following actions:Just completed action at the talking time Completed in the past but time of completed action should not be mentioned in the sentence. ( If we want to mention the time of completed action in a sentence, the sentence should be constructed in Simple Past Tense only)

SYNTAX :-

Sub + have / has + v3 +Obj

RULE :HE SHE IT ANY NOUN

has + v3+obj

WE YOU THEY NOUNS with and

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KEY WORDS :- just now, just, yet, already etc., Eg:Bharath has gone to market Sailaja and Jhansi have bought five mango fruit Present Perfect Continuous Tense :Situation :-It is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing or It is used to express an action which is in progress at talking time mentioning the starting time of the continuing action.

SYNTAX :-

Sub + have / has + been + ing form +Obj + for/since+ time

RULES :-

have / has :- as in Present Perfect Tense for / since : for is used for period of time since is used for pointing time. for a few days, for half an hour, for five days, for many days, for five years etc., since 1990, since Saturday, since January, since 5th of last week, since she started moving with him, since yesterday, since the other day, since last year, since 5 O clock etc., Dustagiri has been teaching poetry for half an hour. Chandra and Manju have been talking since 9am.

KEY WORDS :-

Eg:-

MODEL QUESTIONS FOR PRESENT TENSE 1. I ________footsteps outside my room. 1)hear 2)hears 3)heard 2. Always, she ________ shy. 1)feel 2) is feeling 3.

4)was heard

3)feels

4)will be feeling

Our school ____at 10 a.m.

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1) commence 2)commences 3)had commences 4) will commence 4. Once in a blue moon, I .. films. 1) watch 2)see 3)am watching 4) have been watching 5. Satish . Working in Hyderabad for five years. 1) is 2)had been 3)will be 4) have been 6. Just now my brother . to my house 1) is coming 2)had been coming 7. Look, the old man .. the road 1) is crossing 2)will have crossed 8. .come to school every day? 1) will you 2)shall you 3)do you 3)has come 4) has came

3)has crossed 4) has been crossing

4) are you

9. Dont disturb, he his home work. 1) do 2) will do 3)is doing 4) does 10. I drum sticks. 1) dont like 2) will not like 3)am not liking Answers 1) 1, 2) 3, 3) 2, 4) 1, 5) 2, 6) 3, 7) 1, 8) 3, 9) 3, 10) 1

4) would be liking

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