Introduction to Coordinate Geometry

Introduction to Coordinate Geometry Coordinate Geometry or the system of coordinate geometry has been derived from the correspondence of the points on the number line and real number. A very unique number coordinate can be represented on a number line and any of the real number can be located on the number line. . The number line represents the whole of the real number. By the way of the convection the number line is a horizontal placed line at its right hand side the positive. Numbers are placed and on the left hand side the negative number are placed and they both are separated by the 0 or we can say zero is placed in the middle of them. On the vertical axis another number line is created here negative coordinates are below the horizontal line and the positive coordinates are above the horizontal line this system of representing a number line creates a Rectangular Coordinate System.
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Any Point on a plane is represented by two coordinates which is distance from the xaxis and the distance from the y-axis. Suppose we have a coordinate (3, 5), in this is 3 is represented on x- axis which means 3 units away from origin and 5 is represented on y- axis which means 5 units away from origin. To introduce the idea, consider the grid on the right. The columns of the grid are lettered A,B,C etc. The rows are numbered 1,2,3 etc from the top. We can see that the X is in box D3; that is, column D, row 3. D and 3 are called the coordinates of the box. It has two parts: the row and the column. There are many boxes in each row and many boxes in each column. But by having both we can find one single box, where the row and column intersect. In coordinate geometry, points are placed on the "coordinate plane" as shown below. It has two scales - one running across the plane called the "x axis" and another a right angles to it called the y axis. (These can be thought of as similar to the column and row in the paragraph above.) The point where the axes cross is called the origin and is where both x and y are zero. A point's location on the plane is given by two numbers,the first tells where it is on the x-axis and the second which tells where it is on the y-axis. Together, they define a single, unique position on the plane. So in the diagram above, the point A has an x value of 20 and a y value of 15.
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These are the coordinates of the point A, sometimes referred to as its "rectangular coordinates". Note that the order is important; the x coordinate is always the first one of the pair. If you know the coordinates of a group of points you can: Determine the distance between them -- Find the midpoint, slope and equation of a line segment -- Determine if lines are parallel or perpendicular - Find the area and perimeter of a polygon defined by the points -- Transform a shape by moving, rotating and reflecting it. -- Define the equations of curves, circles and ellipses.

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