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FRIEDRICHNIETZSCHESDOCTRINEOFETERNALRECURRENCEAND OVERMAN: OVERCOMINGTHEPERILSOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY ReynaldoY.Rivera SillimanUniversity DumagueteCity

Introduction

NietzschesencounterwithAsianthoughtmayhaveshapedhisthinkingofawanderer freefromhishauntingexperienceswithsystemsandstructures.Hisyouthfulacquaintances,for instance,withIndianreligionandmyth,particularlythedoctrineofKarmaandrebirth,offered him a critical alternative to the Christian standard of behavior (Figl in Parkes,52) and thus permittedNietzschetogobeyondstructures. Asagreat teacher, Nietzsche deliberately disturbs status quobygoing under when structuresarecrushedorwhensystemsarefall(en)anddecay(ed)inordertofindhishighest hopetoanewmorning(Zarathustra,78).Healsoletlosehisdisciplesaftertheyfoundhis way of thinking for them to find their own way (Ibid, 195), Nietzsche writes: Living companionsIneed,whofollowmebecausetheywanttofollowthemselves(Ibid,23)andagain inZarathustra,hepleads:NowIbidyoulosemeandfindyourway(Ibid,78).Also,inhis LettertoGeorgeBrandesonJanuary4,1889,Nietzschesaidthesamething: Tomyfriend George!Onceyoudiscoveredme,itwasnogreatfeattofindme:thedifficultynowistolose me(Middleton,1969:345).ThePhilosophystaskthereforeistoeducateothers:providea newpictureoflife,establishingnewimageofmanbyerectingnewvalues(Breazeale,2000: xvii). Nietzschethenisacreatorofanovermanandaliberatorfromtraditiontofindanew dawnintheOvermanandanewinsightforeternalrecurrencewhichheinitiallyintroducedin the UntimelyMeditations (xxviii)asameans ofovercoming institutional restraints onmans growthandasawayofbuildingonescapacitytobecomeanewliberatedBeingbeyondactual existence. EternalRecurrence In this Translators Introduction to TheGayScience, Walter Kaufmann writes that Nietzschehadencounteredtheideaoftheeternalrecurrenceinisreadinganddidnotsuppose thatitwashisownbrainchild(p.15).ThisobservationwasaffirmedmoreconcretelyinKurt Reinhardt(1964:90). ReinhardtexplainsthatNietzschebelievedhehadfoundhisdoctrine anticipatednotonlyinthespeculationofModernpositivist,suchasSpencerandVogt,butinthe thoughtofHeraclitusandBuddha.Reinhardtfurtherwrites:(t)heideathateverythingthatis happening nowmust have happened innumerable times before andwill happen innumerable timesinthefuture,hadbecomeaMetaphysicalandMoralnecessityforNietzsche. Andthe

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significanceofthisideaforNietzscheisnewanddifferent(Kaufmann, loc.cit.)(t)henew visionwhichsoexultedandtransportedNietzschesentirebeing(Reinhardt,loc.cit.).Thus, basedonNietzschesNotes,HeineformulatedNietzschesdoctrineofeternalrecurrencewhich attachedimmenseimportancetohim: Andsheansweredwithtendervoice:Letusbegoodfriends.ButwhatIhave toldyouhere,dearreader,isnotaneventofyesterdayorthedaybeforeFor timeisinfinite,butthethingsintime,theconcretebodies,areinfinite.Theymay indeeddisperseintothesmallest particles; buttheseparticles,theatoms,have theirdefinitenumber,andthenumberofconfigurationsthat,allofthemselvesare formedoutofthemisalsodeterminate. Now,howeverlongatimemaypass, accordingtotheeternallawsgoverningthecombinationsofthiseternalplayof repetition,allconfigurationsthathavepreviouslyexistedonthisearthmustyet meet, attract, repulse, kiss, and corrupt each other again And thus it will happenonedaythatmanwillbebornagain,justlikeme,andawomanwillbe born,justlikeMaryonlythatitistobehopedthattheheadofthismanmay contain a little less foolishness and in a better law they will meet and contemplatedeachotheralongtime;andfinallythewomanwillgiveherhandto themanandsaywithtendervoice:Letusbefriend(Kaufmann,1516). Thispassageexplainsacosmosanimatedbyanendlesscyclicalmovement(Reinhardt, 90).ToNietzchethen,quotesReinhardt,everythingreturnseternally,[and]thisistheclosest possiblerapprochementofworldofbecomingandtheworldofbeing. NietzschesthoughtexperimentfounditsgreatestheightsinPartthreeofZarathustra. This is elaborated with the obnoxious dwarf in the context of The Moment which is the gateway, from which a long, eternal lane leads backward: behind [man] lies eternity. whatevercanwalkhavewalkedonthislanebefore.whatevercanhappenhavehappened, havebeendone,havepassedbybefore:(Zarathustra,1995:158).ThenNietzschecontinuedto askthedwarf: Andifeverythinghasbeentherebeforewhatdoyouthink,dwarfofthis moment?Mustnotthisgatewaytoohavebeentherebefore? Andarenotallthingsknotted togethersofirmlythatthismomentdrawsafteritallthatistocome?Forwhatevercanwalkin thislonglaneouttheretoo,itmustwalkoncemoreandeternallyreturn(Ibid). Nietzsches idea of eternal recurrence shares the thought experiment of Condorcets materialmovementinstagesofhumancivilization:fromhuntingandfishinginthefirststage whichwastransformedtoherdinginstagetwoandtillingofthesoilinthethirdstage,then transfiguredinstagefourtocommerce,scienceandphilosophy(Leacock,1981:8).Definitely thisexperienceoftheendofoneperiodtobeginwithanotheronecorrespondtoanintellectual growthinEuropebutatthesametimeischaracterizedbythedeclineofRome,thecrusades,the inventionofprinting,theProtestantRevoltandtheestablishmentofFrenchRepublic(Ibid).

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OvermanandEternalRecurrence Who is the overman? Nietzsche looks at the overman as the meaning of the earth (Zarathustra, 13). Arthur Danto (1964:196) characterizes Nietzsches overman as the redeemerofthemorallacunae,whichhumankinddoesnotasyethave,andtheproviderof theunitaryhumangoal. Thebasisofthisclaimis Zarahustras announcement:Behold,I teachyoutheoverman(Kaufmanntrans.OfZarathustra,13).However,whileDanto(1964:197) preferstheterm bermensch forovermanbecausethelattersoundsdomineering,withits suggestionofoverlordoroverseer,anditcannottrulyescapetheparticularizingunfortunateness thatSupermanhasprovedtohave,thisstudyoptsfortheovermansincetheprimarysource of this study is drawn from Kaufmanns translation of Zarathustra which adopts the term overmanforDantosbermensch. TheovermanstandsoutbecauseoftheexistenceofwhatNietzschecallsinZarathustra (p.17)asthemostcontemptiblelastman.TheOvermanNietzschefeelscontemptforthislast manashe/shemakeseverythingonearthsmall;s/heneedsaneighbortofindsolaceorinorder tofeelsecureandhencelive(Ibid).S/heisdespisedforhis/herrelianceontheotherworldly hopes(p.13)ratherthanrelyingonhimself/herself.Theovermanthereforeisonewhothinks differentlyfromis/hercontemporary.Asadestroyerofculture,histaskwastoovercomethe philosophyofpessimism(Reinhardt,97).ZarathustraNietzscheasserts:Manissomethingthat shallbeovercome(Zarathustra,12;Ibid). Moreover,theovermanincitesrebellionagainstcultureinordertoawakenthepeopleto discoverthedepthandbreadthoftheirhumannatureinthesenseofbecomingbetterandgreater, tolearnthemeaningoftheseearthlycreationsandtoleadthesecreationstowardsthefuture wherecloudsofloveandraptureswarmeveryoneinajoyfuleternity.Inthissense,theoverman isanovertureandagoingunder,somethinginmanthat,toNietzsche,canbeloved(Ibid,15). Nietzschepaintsthismanasarope,overanabyss,tiedbetweenbeastandoverman(Ibid,14). Manisneveranendhimselfbutabridgewhocangounderandthereforewho[can]crossover his actual existence (loc. cit). But this overman remains agreat teacher who lets loose his disciplesafterfindinghimandhiswayofthinkinginorderforthemtofindtheirownway.He doesnotwanttobecometheshepherdanddogofaherd(Ibid,23);hegrievesoveracrowd withoutaguardian:Noshepherdandoneherdwhowantstobeuniformintheirwaysof doingthings,forthatishowequalityisconceivedbythecrowd(Zarathustra,18). Hencethe overman, according to Kaufmann (1966(b); 267), quoting Nietzsche, symbolizes the repudiationofanyconformitytoasinglenormantithesestomediocrityandstagnation.The overmanisdiscovererofhisownindividuality(Ibid). In Zarathustra, there is an experience of the fusion of eternal recurrence with the overman. ZarathustraNietzsche writes: Around the inventors of new values the world revolves:invisiblyitrevolves(Zarathustra,52).Theinvisibleeternalrecurrencecannotbeseen byacrobats,entertainersandthepeople,forthiscrowdcanonlyseewhatexists.Themysterious cyclicalmovementoftheworldcanonlybeseenbeyondstructuresandonlytheovermanhas this capacity to see and notice the imperceptibility of the recurring world. For beyond the

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obvioustheovermanhastheeyetopickupthedetailsofthewhatappearstobeaninvisible revolvingreality. Theideaofeternalrecurrenceisnotatallahistoricalworldofpeaceandhappiness. Historyisrepletewithhumansufferingsduetotheexploitationoftheeconomicallyweakones byafewpowerfulelites.Thus,Reinhardt(p.100)describesthisideaasanintoxicatinganda nauseatingthought.Reinhardtthenasks:Howcantheeternalrepetitionofthesufferingsand terrorsofexistencebemadetolerable?Nietzschesansweristofullyacceptthetotalityoflife: thisisallmycreatingandstriving;thatIcreateandcarrytogetherintoOne[inthefuture] whatisfragmentandriddleanddreadfulaccident(Zarathustra,139). Genuine redemption then the making of past dreadful or miserable experiences tolerablemeansthewillingnesstorecreatetheacceptedfullnessoflifeinthepastandto carryitovertoabetterandahigherspeciesinthepresenttowardsaperfectlifeofthefuture. Reinhardt,(100101)beautifullyexplainsthisnotionofwillingrecreationofpastlife:onehas tolearnsimultaneouslythatthepresenthumanracerepresentsatransitionalphaseinthefluxof evolution,thatitmustgivewaytoasuperiorraceofthefuture,ahigherkindofexistence,in whichallhumanaspirationstolove,beauty,andtruthwillbefulfilled. Theovercomingof mansdreadfulexperiencestoanexperienceofaperfectlifethethusIwilleditis redemption (Zarathustra, loc. cit.). Hence, when a divinized future is determined by the overman,andwhomakesmanspastpettinessanddreadfulexperiencesatakeoffforthegoing undertobeabletocrossover,theideasofeternalrecurrenceandtheovermanareassimilated orputtogetherintooneperfectformulaforlife. Therefore,toNietzsche,adivinizedheroic maninthefuturewillrisetotaketheplaceofGodandrescuelifefromarecurringabsurdityto arecurringlifeofloveandraptureamongmen(Reinhardt,98). EternalRecurrenceandTechnology Religion used to preoccupy the conscience of the people. It enjoyed a considerable degreeofwillimpositionoverthelivesofmen.Inourageofscienceandtechnology,science hasgraduallydisplaceditsusefulnessasevidencedbytheincreasingsecularizationofsociety. Scienceandtechnologyaresopowerfulthatpeoplehavebecomeaddictedtothesephenomena. NietzschewritesinHuman,AllTooHuman:ABookforFreeSpirits(1996:89):Sciencehasas itsgoaltheleastpainandthelongestpossiblethatis,akindofeternalhappiness:tobesure, averymodestkindincomparisonwiththepromisesofreligion. One recalled that religious forces, though greatly enfeebled, according toNietzsche, mightstillbestrongenoughtoproduceareligionofatheism(quotedinReinhardt,92).Karl Marxviewsreligionastheopiumofthepeoplethesoulofthesoullessconditionsthat denythisunrealityofmanandnature(Fischer,1978:21).ThisisthesameviewthatNietzsche wantstoconveyaboutreligiouslifeasamomentarypalliationandnarcotizationinhisHuman, AllTooHuman(p77).ThisexplainswhyNietzscheassertsthatGodisdead.Hewantsman tohavecontroloverhisfateandinthesearchofGod.InhisTheAntiChristhepointsoutthat livinginaChristlywayoflifetodayisneveranimpossibility.

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But man today becomes a slave of science and technology. In fact, paraphrasing Nietzsche,Reinhardtwritesthatscienceandtechnologyhavemoreandmoregaineddominion overnature(Reinhardt,92).Marcuse(1964:9)elaboratesNietzschewhentheformerclaims: ThetechnologicalcontrolsappeartobetheveryembodimentofReasonforthebenefitofall social groups and interest in the contemporary period. Generally, the population cannot anymoredistinguishbetweenmassmediaasinstrumentsofinformationandentertainment,and asagentsofmanipulationandindoctrination(Marcuse,9).Becauseoftheharmoniousblending ofmasscommunicationwithcommodityandproduction,commodityformisdevelopedinthe consumer (Ibid, 57). This now becomes the peoples mental equipment. Thus, the people recognize themselves in their commodities; they find their soul in their cars or in their computers;inshort,socialcontrolisanchoredinthenewconsumerneedsboththeestablishment and themedia produce (Marcuse, loc.cit). This istherationalitywhich Nietzsche callsthe absenceofmoralityandsomanmustgobeyondhimselfbyovercomingsomethinginhimself (Danto, 198). This is Zarathustras human goal: Man is something that shall be overcome(Kaufmann(a),129;quotedinDanto,197). Duringhistime,Europeseemedtohavefounditsnewanchorondemocraticprinciples. Nietzsches prognosis went radically opposite. He saw the coming age of science and technology asfertilegroundsforwars andrevolutions andfordominions oftheworldusing technological warfare ofhuman annihilation inalarge scale. Nietzsche writes. We may expectsomecenturiesofwarandrevolutionthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseenbefore weareenteringupontheclassicalageofwar,theageofscientificanduniversalwarfareonthe largest scaleThetwentiethcenturywillfightforthedominationoftheglobe(quotedin Reinhardt,92). Nietzschesforesightsbecomearealityafterhemadethosepredictions.ThefirstWorld WartookplaceafterthecollapseofAlliances.ThennationstatesinAfricaandAsiasproutedas consequences of revolutions. For ambitions to dominate the world, the League of Nations collapsedandindustrialnationsunleashedhellthatsubstantiatednotonlytheroleofsciencein globalscalebutalsoindemonstrationofthewartechnologyannihilatingnotonlycombatants butalsoinnocentcivilians. Themostrecentandviolentmanifestationsoftechnologyandsciencearetheseriesof ruthlessdemonstrationofwhatBushsbioethicsadviserKrauthamercallsconcentratedpower (Krauthamer,2003)unleashedintheKosovoinvasion,intheTalibaninvasionandintheIraq invasion.IntheseinstancestheU.S.warmachineshaveprovenU.S.masteryoverscienceand technology to kill from afar: they had spy satellites, warships, aircraft carriers, Apache helicopters and Cobra helicopters, B1s and B2s with payloads that could demolish entire cities(Benigno,2003). In Human, All Too Human (p. 178), Nietzsche also writes how brave people are wonover:Bravepeoplearepersuadedtoanactionwhenitisrepresentedasmoredangerousthan itis.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaandGreatBritaindothisformofpersuasiontomotivatethe

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bravemenofAmericaandGreatBritaintofightbypaintingthetargetasevilormonstrous throughaggressivemediapropaganda.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtheUnitedKingdom who once supplied Saddam withchemical weapons ofmass destructionjustdidwhat Nietzschetruthfullysaid. AmericanandtheBritishbravemenwerepersuadedtoinvadeIraq, defyingtheUnitedNationsandtheworldforwhatRumsfeldcallsUnilateralism:themission definesthecoalition:(Kauthamer,2002). The war with Iraq ended. It was a well thought out war for what Geoffrey Heard describesasthebiggestgrabforworldpowerinModerntimes(quotedindeQuiros,2003).It wasawarplannedaroundBushsmanifoldreasonsshiftingfromriddingSaddamHusseinof weapons of mass destruction (against all proofs that he has been substantially disarmed) to liberatingtheIraqipeoplefromabrutalrule(monumentalpresumption)usheringpeaceinthe MiddleEasttomakingtheworldsecure(forwhichBushdoestheopposiste)(Ibid). Thewarended.Nosinglekilogramofchemicalweaponwasfound.Itdidnottranslate toanykindofjubilationforthealliedsoldiers.TheAmericanTVdidnotshowthedreadful effectsofscienceandtechnologyanddidnotshowfootagesconcerningthehumanwreckof war:childrenandbabiesdecapitatedfromtheirmotherswombs,fragmentsofbodiesstrewnlike castaway meat inslaughterhouses, men and women with open eye likeZombies put aboard stretchers,theconstantshriekofambulances,hospitalscrowdedtonines,whosefamiliesinpain, inagony,intears(Benigno,2003).Rumsfelddescribesallthistechnologycreateddamageas collateraldamage(Ibid).Thatishowthewarmanagerdescribestheperilsbroughtaboutby science and technology to mankind. The Human destruction in Iraq is taken by the U.S. Pentagonthinktanksasaspectsofcollateraldamage.ThetruthwhichNietzscheidentifies as anything that strengthens and perpetuates life (Reinhardt, 109) is withheld to get AmericanandBritishbravemenfightawaronuntruthfulgrounds. ButtheU.S.economyis nowfacingavibranteurodollarchallengersignal,apossibilityofathirdworldconflagrationthe effectsofwhichmaybebeyondrepair. The truth about Saddams trading with the eurodollar when the U.N. imposed economicsanctiononHusseinwhichbecameaseriousthreattotheU.S.dollarforworld supremacy,wasnevertold.ThethreatheightenedwhenthetradinggaveSaddamawindfallthat theU.S.dollardidnotgivehim.ThethreatagainsttheU.S.economyrosewhenBushsbest laidplotsagainstSaddamdidnotgetIraqiscooperation(deQuiros,2003).deQuiroshasthis interesting observation: If the Euro did succeed in challenging the U.S. dollar for world supremacy,theconsequencesfortheUnitedStateswouldbecatastrophes.ThedollarstheU.S. hasprinted,thechecksithaswrittenwouldstarttoflyhome,strippingawaytheillusionofvalue behindthem.TheUSAsrealeconomicconditionisaboutasbadasitcouldbe;itisthemost debtriddennationonearth,owing$12,000,000foreveryoneofits280millionmen,womenand children. Deeperthanthreat,whichunleashedtheAmericanBritishhelloftechnologyandwar machinesagainstIraq,istheIraqioiltiedtotheeurodollar.deQuirosagainwrote:

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In1999,Iraq,whichhastheworldssecondbiggestreservesofoiland which had been reeling under U.N. economic sanctions, began trading oil for euros.Americanofficialslaughedthen,predictingthecountrywouldsuffereven morefromit.Itdidnthappen.Infacttheoppositedid:Iraqgotahugewindfall, andtheeuroroseagainstthedollar.Irancontemplatedswitchingtoeuros,too. AsdidValenzuela,thefourthlargestoilproducerwentontocutitsoiltradein U.S.dollarsbybarteringoilwithothercountries.Russiabeganthinkingofittoo. Thegreenbacksgriponoiltradingandconsequently,onworldtradeingeneral was under serious threat. If America did not stamp on this immediately, this economicbrushfirecouldrapidlybefannedintoawildfire. ThisisthetruththatPresidentBushandhismilitaristmindguardswithheldfromthe publicandtheworld. EvendemocraticsocialismorthesocalledtheU.S.welfarestatedemocracyoftoday isaconfirmationofNietzschesanalysis.ToNietzsche,democracyisavisionarybrotherofan almost decrepit despotism [which] outdoes everything in the past by striving for the downrightdestructionoftheindividual[and]xxxsecretlypreparesforreignsofterror,and drivesthewordjusticelikeanailintotheheadsofthesemieducatedmasses,torobthem completelyoftheirreason(Human,AllTooHuman,226227). TheattackoftheU.S.led coalition on Iraq is a clear show of despotism designed to preserve the U.S. dollar world supremacyforeconomicsurvivalinthefaceofastrongeurodollarcontender. Nietzsches prediction of the ascending of power grab and despotism was later on describedinRobertMichelsinhisPoliticalPartiesastheIronLawofOligrachy(Curtis,v.2, 1970:307).ItaliansociologistWilfredoPareto,inhisbookMindandSociety,suppliesadearth ofevidencetoNietzschesinsightsaboutdespotsintermsofgoverningclasseswhoapprovethe useofforcetopreservecertainuniformitiesandbythosewhowishtooverstepthem(Ibid, 291). Hence, despots or governing classes approve the use of [technological] forceto constrain insurgents toconformity. EssentiallybothMichels andPareto support Nietzsches contentionthatscienceandtechnologyhasbecometheinstrumentsofcontrolthathinderthe growthandpromotionoflife.Ithasvirtuallytakenovertherolewhichreligionusedtoenjoyits gripoverthepeoplesconscience.Truly,scienceandtechnologybreedtheseedsofdestruction inthehandsofthepeoplethemselves.Reinhardt(p.92)writes:Nietzschedidnotruleoutthe possibilitythatmoderncivilizationmayperishbyitsowntechnicaldevices.Thisrealityspells out the perils that science and technology can do tohuman civilization unless the overman realizes in men the overcoming of themselves by going beyond themselves. And these overcomingofsomething,ofgreedandambitioninthemselves,willfinallymaketheworldsafe for a proper and rational application of science and technology towards serenity and the promotionoflife. Thishappenswhenwarsandconquestarebroughtdownbelowthefeetof humankindthattheovermanhassettoestablishforthepromotionoflife,amorfati. Conclusion

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FriedrichNietzscheisaphilosopherwhoisknowntohavenosystem. Heiscalleda wandererbecauseobserversbelievethathiswritingsdonotfitwithinonecoherentframework. HiskeyconceptssuchasthedoctrineofEternalRecurrence,ofamorfati,ofthreestagesoflife, oftheOvermanandoftheWilltoPower,althoughsoundsindependenttoeachother,areall connected tohisdesiretopromotelifeandsomanmustovercomehimselfbygoingbeyond somethinginhim.Butasathinker,hewantshisstudentstofollowhimonlytofindtheirown wayandtothinkdifferently. ThisreflectionpaperchoosesthedoctrinesofEternalRecurrenceandoftheOvermanas modesofovercomingtheperilsbroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnologytohumankind. The doctrineofEternalRecurrencewasinitiatedinUntimelyMeditationsbuthasgrownintoitsfull floweringfruitionin ThusSpokeZarthustra. Thedoctrinesimplyholdsthateventsundergoa progressiveandanendlesscyclicalmovement:Forwhatevercanwalkthislonglaneoutthere too,itmustwalkoncemoreandeternallyreturn(Zarthustra,p.18). Itisthusathought experimentabouteverythingthatisoccurringnowmusthavehadrecurredanumberoftimesin thepastandwillcontinuetorecuranumberoftimesinthefuture. Butthisrecurrenceisamixtureofhappinessandsufferings,makingitadreadfulanda nauseatingexperience.Thefullacceptanceoflifeinthepastmeansthewilltorecreatelifeto betterandhighestspecieinthepresentthentotransformittothemostfulfilledandperfectlifein the future. The overmans unitary goal in eternal recurrence must be the overcoming of somethinginmanbecausemanisnotanendbutabridgetobecomeperfectinthefuture.Mans willtorecreatelifethethusIwilleditisgenuineredemptionwhereEternalRecurrence andtheOvermanareputtogetherasaperfectformulaforthefulfillmentofamorfatiamoral imperativetolivelifeagainandagain. ScienceandtechnologyhaveovertakentheroleofreligionthatusedtobewhatNietzsche callstheinstrumentofpalliationandnarcotization.Manintodaysagehasbecomeaslaveof scienceandtechnology.Scienceandtechnologysuchasthemediahavecreatedmansmental equipmentthatallowshimtoseehimselfinhiscommodities. Butthesametechnicaldevices haveoutgrowntheirusefulnessonlytoreturntomannotonlyasformsofdespoticcontrolsfor conformitybutalsoamonstrousweaponofhumanannihilation. Thus,Nietzscheclaimsthat weareenteringupontheclassicalageofwar,theageofscientificanduniversalwarfareonthe largestscale.Wearenowinacenturyoftechnicalannihilationforthedominionoftheglobe and of untruthful rationalizations topersuade bravemen tofight insenseless wars. Saddam HusseinsoversteppingoftherulesofthegameintermsoftradingIraqioilwiththeeurodollar threateningthecollapseoftheU.S.dollarandtheU.S.economyforworldsupremacywas stampedwiththeU.S.sophisticatedtechnologicalwarfarethatkilledfromafardecapitating and slaughtering civilians based onuntruthful grounds. Science and technology therefore havebecometheweaponsofdespoticcontrolandhumanenslavement. Theonlywayoutofthisdreadistheteachingoftheovermanwhoisthemeaningofthis earth.ThisistherelevanceofNietzscheintodaysviolentRealpolitik.

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Marcuse,Herbert.(1964).OneDimensionalMan.Boston:BeaconPress. Marx,Karl.(1978).MarxInHisOwnWords.Ed.ErnstFischerincollaborationwithFranz Marek.Trans.AnnaBostock.PenguinBooks. Reinhardt,Kurt.(1964).ManGodorGodMan?TheCaseofNietzsche.TheExistentialist Revolt.NewYork.FrederickUngarPublishingCo. B. Newspapers Benigno,Teodoro.(April11,2003).EndgameinBaghdad?AftertheWar,What?Heres theScore.PhilippineStar. Krauthammer, Charles. (January 2003). American Unilateralism, Imprimis. Hillsdale College.Vol.32,No.1. deQuiros,Conrado.(March11,2003).BestLaidPlots!TherestheRub.PhilippineDaily Inquirer.