Radian: angle (subtended) at centre of circle by an arc equal in length to the radius (of the

circle). Angular Speed: angle swept out per unit time / rate of change of angle. Damping: (continuous) loss of energy / reduction in amplitude (from the oscillating system) caused by force acting in opposite direction to the motion / friction / viscous forces. Electric Potential: work done moving unit positive charge from infinity to the point.

Frequency Modulation: frequency of carrier wave varies in synchrony with displacement of

information signal. Cross-talk: picking up of signal in one cable from a second (nearby) cable. Noise: random (unwanted) signal / power that masks / added to / interferes with / distorts transmitted signal. Gravitational Field Strength: Force per unit mass. Tesla: unit of magnetic flux density / magnetic field strength (uniform) field normal to wire carrying current of giving force (per unit length) of 1 N/m. Negative Feedback: (part of) the output is added to /returned to / mixed with the input and is out of phase with the input / fed to inverting input. Attenuation: loss / reduction in power / energy / voltage/ amplitude (of the signal). Gravitational Potential: work done moving unit mass from infinity to the point. R.M.S Value of AC: the value of steady / constant voltage that produces same power (in a resistor) as the alternating voltage. Newtons Law of Gravitation: force proportional to product of masses but inversely proportional to square of separation. Avogadro Constant: number of atoms of carbon-12 in 0.012 kg of carbon-12. Simple Harmonic Motion: acceleration / force proportional to displacement from a fixed point acceleration / force (always) directed towards that fixed point / in opposite direction to displacement. Magnetic Field: region (of space) where there is a force either on / produced by magnetic pole or on / produced by current carrying conductor / moving charge. Nuclear Fission: heavy / large nucleus breaks up / splits into two nuclei / fragments of approximately equal mass. Acoustic Impedance: product of density (of medium) and speed of sound (in the medium).

Mole: amount of substance containing same number of particles as in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 De Brogile Wavelength: wavelength of wave associated with a particle that is moving. Binding Energy: energy required to separate nucleons in a nucleus to infinity. Internal Energy: sum of kinetic and potential energies of molecules / particles / atoms random (distribution). Capacitance: charge/potential. Decay Constant: (constant) probability of decay per unit time. Linear Absorption Coefficient: parallel beam (in matter). I = I0 exp(-x) Oscillations: to-and-fro / backward and forward motion (between two limits). Free Oscillations: no energy loss or gain / no external force acting / constant energy / constant amplitude. Potential Energy: ability to do work as a result of the position/shape, etc. of an object. Virtual Earth: op-amp has very large / infinite gain non-inverting input is at earth (potential) / earthed / at 0 V if amplifier is not to saturate, inverting input must be (almost) at earth potential / 0 (V) same potential as inverting input. Resonance: A phenomenon whereby the amplitude of a system undergoing forced oscillations increases to a maximum. It occurs when the frequency of the periodic driving force is equal to the natural frequency of the system . Photon: A photon is a discrete packet {or quantum} of energy of an electromagnetic radiation/wave. Transducer: A transducer is any device that converts energy from one form to another Half-Value Thickness: The thickness of the medium required to reduce the transmitted intensity to one half of its initial value is constant and known as Half-value thickness. Relaxation Time: When the pulse ends, the atoms will return to their original equilibrium state after a short period of time, called the relaxation time. Sharpness: Ease with which edges of structures can be seen. Contrast: Large differences in blackening of different regions.