51 obituaries leader = editorial classified ads supplements feature agony columns agony aunt pamphlet leaflet brochure prospectus

flyer booklet manual 52 instant messaging chat rooms newsgroups e-commerce attachments browsing surfing the Web graphic images ISP (Internet Service Provider) downloading uploading spam cookies offensive material bookmark subscribe to screen out server down = not working hack into anti-virus software bounce (about e-mail) garbled 53 innovative unsurpassed leave other cars standing put/leave other candidates in the shade rock-bottom prices prices slashed bargains galore pamper yourself with indulge yourself with sumptuous meal opulent surroundings live in the lap of luxury

scientifically designed proven state-of-the-art stand out in the crowd tantalizingly = temptingly fetching = alluring privlaan alliteration (repetition of a sound) billboards flyers trailers (film advertising) sky-writing sandwich boards plug (informal) = advertise 54 pressure groups air their views seek publicity press conferences issue a statement / press release sound bite silly season tapping useful sources monitoring column inches put their own gloss/spin on a story muck-raking rag (informal) = newspaper gutter press glossy = expensive magazine copy deadline newspaper goes to press stop press column hot off the press exclusive scoop hit the headlines story breaks = becomes public knowledge receive a lot of coverage libel = defamation of character back copies cuttings 55 fighting off (a cold) go down with flu = catch a flu *Ive come down with (only for 1st person singular) I got over recovering from (for serious illnesses) suffers from (for long-term problems) He died of/from.. healthcare national insurance

National Health Service GP (general practitioner) lekar opte prakse surgery = small centre with just two or three doctors clinic = large centre with several doctors and kinds of services prescription charge go private diabetes bronchitis heart disease skin cancer / lung cancer / breast cancer TB = tuberculosis cholera hepatitis typhoid tifusna groznica heart attack/failure infarkt, srani udar 56 hurt = a pain caused by an injury ache = a pain without an injury as a cause My arm hurts because I banged it against the door. My wrists ache from too much typing at the computer. the usual aches and pains = usual problems cuts and bruises = minor injuries stinging = sudden burning pain throbbing = beating with pain stiff neck feel dizzy feverish nauseous trembling bunged up = blocked off-colour / under the weather / out of sorts = not well acupuncture chiropractic herbal medicine homeopathy aromatherapy 57 clotting (of blood) = coagulation dehydration ulcer side effects stool stolica (medicinski) excrement pooh symptom symptomatic diagnose prognosis ailing bolan a rash osip fever groznica, poviena temperatura fever pitch vrhunac groznice

jaundiced view = unenthusiastic because of bad experiences carry the scars of / be scarred by = be permanently affected by a bad experience 58 cholesterol = fatty substance found in body tissue and blood of all animals plaque naslage offal iznutrice excrete izluiti fibre buffer ublaiva gut crevo cardiovascular diabetic dijabetiar glucose glikoza insulin pound (measure of weight) mood enhancer (serotonin) I scored an own goal dao sam autogol, uradio neto na sopstvenu tetu move the goalposts = change the rules level playing field = fair situation to be in the running for = to be seriously considered for to be neck and neck = level with each other and equally likely to win skate around = dont talk directly about sail through = pass very easily 59 Expression Heavy industry Manufacturing industry High-technology (high-tech) Privatisation Opposite expression Light industry Service industry Low-technology (low-tech) Nationalisation / state ownership

public-private partnership subsidies subvencija sweeteners inward investment on piecework child labour trade union representation sweatshop lame duck weak business that loses money big multinational cost-cutting exercise relocate switch production red tape retraining and reskilling 60 digital technology digital analogue

satellite communication GPS biotechnology disease-resistant artificial intelligence (AI) ergonomics ergonomically designed techie smart ID card hands-free desktop palmtop / handheld PDA pager laptop computer / notebook 61 smart buildings smart virtual reality virtual university virtual supermarket interactive TV interactive video interplanetary travel e-commerce doomsday scenario gridlocked unable to move at all genetic modification genetically modified / GM food genetic engineering gene therapy the human genome designer babies cloning nuclear family father, mother and one or two children globalise global village extraterrestrial being gulf gap 62 extensive traffic-free routes / educational facilities spacious garden / city roomy car / house rambling building / mansion wide open space scattered razbacan spread out cramped rooms / apartments poky room / flat skuen congested waterway/street compact refrigerator/villa hemmed in

there isnt enough room to swing a cat packed in like sardines labyrinth claustrophobia agoraphobia crammed into that squeeze in between incarcerate stuff in natrpati 63 once in a blue moon all his born days in a mo / in a sec / in a tick / in less than no time / in a jiffy for yonks / for donkeys years / since the year dot for a very long time till the cows come home / till hell freezes over forever for keeps to keep forever in the nick of time only just in time over the hill / past it too old has-been person who is no longer famous in a flash / at a rate of knots very quickly fleeting glimpse/visit/smile/moment/appearance brief or quick transient (formal) effect/population/feeling/pleasure lasting for a short time persistent cough/problems/rumour/smell/accusation/critic/offender/failure/gossip inexorable (formal) rise/slide/decline/pressure/advance of time neumoljiv incipient (formal) frustration/rage/illness/rebellion/wrinkles poetni pristine (formal) condition/beach/image izvorni protracted (formal) negotiations/discussions/argument oduen lingering perfume/kiss/smile trajan 64 verb limp hobble stagger stumble lurch tiptoe amble stride strut tramp trample stamp trudge chase type of movement uneven awkward unsteady nearly falling sudden or irregular quiet and on toes easy, gentle long steps proud, chest held out firm, heavy steps pressing repeatedly with feet pushing foot down heavily heavy, slow, with difficulty quickly reason for type of movement one leg hurts shoes too tight, feet hurt drunk, ill uneven surface drunk, ill, walking on moving ship not to be heard pleasure or relaxation, no special aim purposeful to look important walking for a long time often wishing to destroy anger, or just heavy-footed tired wanting to catch something or someone

staggeringly amazingly to take something in your stride mirno prihvatiti neto flow spill stream pour trickle meander flood taking a backward/big/critical/decisive/first/giant/major/significant/unprecedented step 65 mind my Ps and Qs be polite elders and betters people older than you courtesy prim/starchy/strait-laced/prissy utogljen etiquette gentlemanly ladylike social graces polite behaviour the done thing socially acceptable not the done thing socially unacceptable oiling the wheels of making easier offhand casual, slightly rude stand on ceremony insist on formal behaviour verb what it indicates comment flutter your flirting used of female behaviour eyelashes towards a man raise your or surprise or shock either a person or behaviour others can raise eyebrows eyebrows twitch griti nervousness repeated small movements with part of the body flinch trgnuti pain or fear sudden small movement squirm embarrassment or move from side to side on migoljiti nervousness your chair in an awkward way smirk keziti self-satisfaction smile (negative associations) beam blistati happiness broad smile (positive associations) sniff at disapproval you also sniff when you have something a runny nose mrknuti snort frktati disgust or great make an explosive sound by amusement forcing air quickly up or down the nose titter naceriti nervousness or small laugh se embarrassment 66 silent silent films/movies quiet

noiseless soundless slam zalupiti squeak high, irritating noise pound dull beating sound creak noise of friction of wood or metal kripati sizzle sound of frying cvrati ring out (of a gunshot) odzvanjati crash loud, heavy noise, typically of waves hoot/toot sound made by a car horn trubiti wailing zavijanje sirena hammer knock very loudly and repeatedly eerie silence sablasna tiina deafening zagluujui grating (voice) hrapav, otar (glas) piercing scream prodoran vrisak high-pitched voice visok glas you could have heard a pin drop I cant hear myself think peace and quiet as quiet as a mouse 67 weighty tome/issues unwieldy discussions/object difficult to handle cumbersome weapon/procedure difficult to handle burdensome duty (usually for abstract things) ponderous voice/thesis serious with more negative connotation lumbering truck/reptiles moving heavily weighed down with problems weigh up the alternatives compare weigh out loose goods izmeriti robu na rinfuz weighing on me troubling my mind weigh in prevagnuti thicken zadebljati sift prosejati lumpy have solid pieces in it congeal zgruati se (naroito pred smrzavanje) solidify thin make thinner dilute it / water it down razrediti vodom thin out (about traffic) razrediti thin out (someones hair) impenetrable impossible to move through impermeable no liquid or gas can pass through impervious liquid cannot pass through 68 pitch black (about darkness) katran crno jet black (hair, eyes) gagat (vrsta poludragog kamena) scarlet brilliant red crimson strong deep red shocking pink an extremely bright pink ginger (hair, cats) orangy red

navy (about clothes) dark blue turquoise (paint, sea, fabrics) beige a light creamy brown mousy (only for hair) a light, not very interesting brown chestnut (hair, horses) deep reddish brown auburn (hair) red-brown colour kestenjasta primary colours pastel colours mauve /mo:v/ pale purple boja sleza strong colours vivid colours fluorescent very bright, seem to glow in the dark electric blues or greens bright blues or greens tinge of primesa neke boje monochrome bluey green reddish brown feel blue blue movie blue joke blue-collar workers to see red be very angry red alert / red flag danger red carpet a red-letter day vaan dan red point of view left-wing political view to look green to have nausea turn/go green to turn green with envy green tourism the Green Party a black future to look as black as thunder be angry black market black sheep black mark loa ocena, minus a grey area the one lacking clarity grey matter (of brain) grey cells (of brain) white as snow / whiter than white pure white as a sheet being pale a white knuckle ride at a theme park a terrifying ride white-collar workers office workers 69 race, dash, tear // - going somewhere quickly on foot or by a means of transport nip, pop, zip, dart, whizz fast movement over short distances bolt pobei, mugnuti career nekontrolisano juriti scamper, scurry, scuttle mileti (sitni, uestali koraci mnotva malih ivotinja) speed up (on foot or by a means of transport) accelerate (about transport only)

plungle, plummet obruiti se soar, rocket vinuti se slump, tumble srozati se (o finansijama) crawl, creep gmizanje, puenje totter teturati se sidle to walk anxiously and nervously dawdle ii sporije nego to je potrebno 70 cause (negative connotations) cause sadness/unhappiness cause (a lot of) trouble/problems cause an illness cause a distraction/an accident produce (neutral connotations and concrete results) produce a report produce statistics/figures produce good result/evidence give (positive and negative situations) give (a lot of) pleasure/happiness give a reason/motivation for something give (a lot of) trouble give good results generate (forced actions and computers) generate revenue/income/money generate complaints/extra work/controversy generate graphics/documents generate interest/enthusiasm/publicity cause and give are used for actions without human factor e.g. The hurricane caused trouble. produce and generate suggest human involvement in an action e.g. His presentation generated interest. provoke (*provocation) precipitate / spark off suddenly cause bring about gradually produce result in produce 71 affinity between/with akin to to use analogy does not correspond to equate // - izjednaiti tantamount to (in negative contexts) jednako loe interchangeable toliko slino sa neim drugim da se moe sa tim zameniti indistinguishable from koji se ne moe razlikovati od diverse disparate razliit u odnosu na ostale lanove iste grupe, disparatan

dissimilar (often used with not) distinct razliit (za opisivanje manje uoljivih razlika) discrete odvojen i razliit, zaseban 72 a snag / a hitch / a setback / a glitch small difficulties stumbling block (for failed action) kamen spoticanja pitfall (unexpected) obstacle impediment (a thing that prevents action) dilemma ordeal teko iskuenje adversity, hardship, affliction, tribulation // - formalne rei za tekou abstruse nerazumljiv arduous iscrpljiv complex convoluted // suvie sloen gruelling preteak (naporan i zahtevan) insufferable nepodnoljiv stiff nesavladiv tough traumatic wayward udljiv i sebian What a pain! / What a drag! = What a nuisance! Whats eating him? / Whats got into him? / Whats bugging him? / Whats (up) with him? hassle (inf.) a troubling situation to slog (your guts out) / to grind / to graft / to flog yourself to death to work hard in a fix / in a spot / in a hole / up against it / up to ones neck in a difficult situation sticky/tricky difficult off the hook / in the clear / out of the wood(s) freed from a difficult situation 73 you must admit/confess/say You must be joking! must be frightened/worried/nervous/happy it may/might (well) never happen What, may/might I ask, was the point of that? I was out and who should I see but the boss. A: You still might get the job. B: I should be so lucky! That is not likely! Accidents will happen! they are inevitable The car wont start. Thatll be John. the odds are it is likely the odds are against it is unlikely They are bound to get married. almost certain to likely to probable/likely/certain/inevitable In all probability well get the job.

the chances are small... theres likelihood that... if I were in your shoes / in the same boat let me give you a tip/hint/suggestion/some pointers I hope youll take this in the spirit in which it is intended it would be advisable/expedient celishodno/ sensible to it would be advantageous - korisno/prudent - smotreno/wise to... It is essential that.. obligatory we had no option but... compulsory we have an obligation to... optional I am determined/anxious/eager/resolved to... He wishes/desires/yearns/longs to... to have ambitions/aspirations to.. 74 recorded sightings slubeno zabeleeno opaanja sustain odravati u ivotu ili podravati, skrbiti rodent expenditure potronja factor inilac quadruple uetvorostruiti IQ intelligence quotient per aggregate (n.) ukupan iznos aggregate (v.) sabrati sve vrednosti blip privremena promena continuum a thing that changes gradually, without distinct divisions correlation between deviate odstupiti od uobiajenog obrasca discrepancy between neslaganje erratic nepravilan flawed netaan fluctuate kolebati se five-fold petostruko is in reverse proportion to obrnuto proporcionalan inconsistent with nedosledan u odnosu na seesaw (v.) kolebati se ballpark figure priblina vrednost (ballpark bejzbolski stadion) tot everything up (inf.) sve sabrati run into six figures get figures over 100,000 variable promenljiva, varijabla projected figures planirane vrednosti err on the side of caution - namerno uraunati loije vrednosti radi predostronosti round things down zaokruiti na nie vrednosti conservative estimate oprezna procena

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75 accede acquiesce assent authorise condone countenance endorse to give carte blanche come up with a solution to give the go-ahead to give the green light to bar to clamp down to outlaw to veto 76 Informal complaints: - Look here! Ive just about had enough of... - Honestly! You cant possibly do that! - For goodness sake! Im fed up with... - Youve got to do something about... Neutral complaints: - It just wont do! - I wish you would(nt)... - Something will have to be done about... - Im not at all satisfied about... Formal complaints: - I wish to complain in the strongest terms about... - I take great exception to ... - I really must object to... - This is most unsatisfactory. complain about protest about object to remonstrate against find fault with grumble about gripe about grouse about whinge about Its a bit chilly in here. Your son would be well advised to work a bit harder. Your work would benefit from some proofreading. Her appearance is not her highest priority. The children tend to be a bit noisy. 77 sincere/heartfelt apology good/perfect/lame/flimsy/weak excuse cast-iron/convincing/perfect/phoney alibi flimsy/false pretext remorse

acquit repent reprieve posthumous pardon exonerated declare/sign an armistice truce sign a peace accord peace treaty 78 to pay a compliment fishing for compliments take it as a compliment back-handed compliment double-edged compliment give praise to praiseworthy praised for widely/highly praised praised to the skies to sing someones/somethings praises to shower/heap praise on someone/something to damn someone with faint praise pay tribute to give someone a standing ovation extol the virtues/benefits of be the toast of pat someone on the back / give someone a pat on the back earn/win plaudits laud laudable behaviour laudatory comments/remarks to flatter, to make up to, to crawl, to suck up to, to lick someones boots smarmy, slimy, a crawler, servile, obsequious Flattery will get you nowhere! 79 to promise someone the earth/moon The afternoon promises to be interesting! He shows a great promise as a violinist. Shes a promising artist. oath put on/under oath swear words = bad language swear I could have sworn. I couldnt swear to it. My mother swears by these vitamin pills. to pledge = to promise to vow = to make a determined decision The couple exchanged vows. New Years resolutions to turn over a new leaf

(make, keep, break) a (resolution, vow, promise, pledge) to bet stake (informal) ulog u klaenju wager (formal) ulog u klaenju your best bet Dont bet on it! to have a flutter to have a small bet Id put money / my life on Jack getting the job. 80 Clichs: In the good old days... Schooldays are the best/happiest days of your life. We used to have to make our own entertainment in those days. Life wasnt as easy then. We didnt have it as easy as young people today do. Things arent what they used to be. They dont make bikes/songs/trains, etc., like they used to. keep in touch with whatsisname osoba ijeg imena ne moemo da se setimo Do you ever hear anything of him? Whatever became of him? I often wonder ended up have good times do you remember how Ill never forget how what stands out in my mind I look back rose-tinted spectacles Regrets (neutral): I wish Id known you were arriving today I wish I hadnt given up learning the piano. Its disappointing that the exam results are so poor this year. Im disappointed in you. I regret not spending more time with my aunt when she was ill. He showed no sign of remorse for what he had done. Regrets (informal): If only I hadnt spoken to her like that! If Id only known then what I know now. If only we could have our time all over again! Its a pity/shame we cant stay longer. Im sorry I forgot your birthday. The teams behaviours was a disgrace. He should never have done that / its a scandal! Regrets (formal): I rue the day we ever met. (regret very much) I lament the passing of time. I mourn my lost opportunities. 81 tally with concur with be/find yourself in accord with

coincide with conform to approve of to agree to differ dissent discord rift split division reach a compromise to compromise on make concessions to reach a settlement exercise discretion 82 to advocate deduce infer to complement overlap empirical ambiguous coherent comprehensive authoritative arbitrary deviate distort incidence predominant in sequence widespread outbreaks of illness widespread alarm append = add conceive = think up contradict = go against convene = meet demonstrate = show denote = be a sign of, stand for negate = make useless, wipe out perceive = see reside = lie, live trigger = cause utilise = use the converse = the opposite crucial = very important likewise = similarly notwithstanding = despite this somewhat = rather thereby = in this way whereby = by which (method) 83

reiterate = restate epitomise = are perfect example of expound izloiti (ideju) underscore = emphasise posited = suggested as a basic fact account for = explain comprise = make up comprised of subsume = bring together, unite embrace categorise I should like to preface my argument with a true story. I shall return to this point later in my essay. This brings me/us to my next area of discussion, which is finance. I should now like to address the question of the arms race. The arguments are presented in ascending/descending order of importance. The ideas of several writers will be cited in support of the argument. The text alludes to several themes that need closer examination. Discussion of the roots of the problem is beyond the scope of this essay. It is impossible to deal with all the issues in this short essay. There will only be space to touch upon the big question of political responsibility. We are forced to conclude that unemployment will always be with us. 84 scribble jot down = make a note of copy out write down writing up first draft manuscript doodling typescript manuscript to format cut and paste copy and paste shaded box italicised words or words in italics

different font size

different typeface bullet ** two asterisks indented text double inverted commas / quotation marks single quotation marks / quotes () round brackets <> diamond/angle brackets [] square brackets {} chain/curly brackets CAPITALS or UPPER CASE (more technical) small letters / lower case

block capitals: MONICA FLATLEY title subtitle chapter heading sub-heading (within a chapter)