Acid-Base Tritration - Formal Lab Report Purpose To find the concentration of HCL(aq).

. It will be solved step-by-step by using the titration method to first find how much base (NaOH(aq)) is needed to neutralize 20mL of HCl(aq). Hypothesis We predict it will take around 11-15mL of NaOH to neutralize 20mL of HCl. We also predict the solution will turn pink when as it becomes more basic due to the phenolphthalein. Materials & Apparatus Materials Sodium Hydroxide solution NaOH (0.1M) Hydrochloric Acid HCl (concentration unknown) Phenolphthalein Apparatus Ring stand with double clamp 2 burets 2 Erlenmeyer flasks Assorted beakers

Procedure Part 1 1. Inserted 2 burets into the double buret clamp. One was labeled NaOH and the other HCl. 2. We fully rinsed and coated the walls of the buret with NaOH and then drained it out. 3. We filled the buret with NaOH and expelled any air bubbles and hanging drop solutions at the bottom. 4. We repeated steps 1-3 with HCl on the other buret. Part 2 1. We ran 20mLs of HCl from the buret into a clean Erlenmeyer flask. 2. We let NaOH solution pour into the HCl Erlenmeyer flask until we saw the distinctcolour change to pink last for about 15seconds. We recorded the volume of NaOH used 10mL. 3. We repeated the procedure and recorded the volume of NaOH used; this time it was 11mL. Data TABLE 1: The Titration of NaOH with HCl Trial 1 NaOH 0.1mol/L Concentration NaOH Volume 10mL HCl Concentration 0.0055mols/L HCl Volume 20mL Sample Calculations NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) 10/11mL 20mL 0.1mol/L C 1st Trial n NaOH = 10mL x 0.1mol/1L = 1mmol OR 2nd Trial n NaOH = 11mL x 0.1mol/1L = 1.1mmol

Trial 2 0.1mol/L 11mL 0.0055mols/L 20mL

Average Volume 0.1mol/L 10.5mL 0.0055mols/L 20mL

Since the molar ratio of NaOH and HCl is 1:1, HCl = 1.1mmol. So the concentration of HCl is:

C C

HCl = 0.001mol/20mL HCl = 0.0055M/L

We had the HCl concentration C. Discussion 1. A buret is used to measure the volume of HCl rather than a graduated cylinder becauseit is more accurate and easier to control when pouring the acid. 2. The indicator is used to identify if the solution is a base by turning pink. The more phenolphthalein we use, the more pink the solution will be when the base is added. 3. The pink colour disappears more slowly near the endpoint because 1mole of NaOH neutralizes HCl. So when the solution becomes more saturated with the base, the neutralization lasts longer. Once it has reached the endpoint and the solution is completely pink, all of the HCl has been neutralized and the NaOH is now in excess. 4. It is a good idea to carry out this experiment more than once because the experimental design increases the chance of error. It is difficult to get a precise amount of NaOH that would neutralize HCl. It is likely during the first trial too much NaOH would be added to the solution. So redoing the experiment and obtaining a similar (between 0.1-1mL) volume of base will help confirm your results. 5. 3NaOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l) 35.95mL 27.48mL 0.159mol/L C
n

NaOH = 35.95 mL x 0.159mol/L = 5.716mmol/L Since the molar ratio of NaOH : H3PO4 is 3:1, HCl = 3 x 5.726mmol/L = 17. 18mmol/L So the concentration of HCl is: C HCl = 17.18mmol/20mL = .859M/L Conclusion Based on our results, we see it takes 10-11mL of NaOH to neutralize 20mL of HCl. Our predictions were correct as the solution turned to the colour pink as it became more and more basic. Our concentration of HCl was concentration C.