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Intergranular corrosion
When austenitic stainless steels are subject to prolonged heating in the temperature range 425-815C, the carbon in the steel diffuses to the grain boundaries and precipitates chromium carbide. This removes chromium from the solid solution and leaves a lower chromium content adjacent to the grain boundaries. Steels in this condition are termed 'sensitised'. The grain boundaries become prone to preferential atack on subsequent exposure to a corrosive environment. This type of corrosion is known as intergranular corrosion (IC), also known in the past as 'weld decay'. The addition of titanium reduces the risk of IC since titanium carbo-nitrides are formed in preference to chromium carbides which has the effect of maintaining the correct distribution of chromium throughout the structure of the steel. The result is that areas adjacent to grain boundaries, where the carbo-nitrides form, is not depleted of chromium to a level at which localised corrosion can occur in the grain boundary area. The alternative approach to reducing the risk of IC attack is to reduce the carbon level to below 0.03%. In this way a grade of 316 is produced with, in practice, the same resistance to IC as 316Ti (320S31/1.4571) . This is the basis of the 316L types (316S11/1.4404 and 316S13/1.4432).
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http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=71
10/30/2011
Article: Comparison of grades 316 (1.4401) and 316L (1.4404/1.4432) to 316Ti (1.45... Page 2 of 2
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http://www.bssa.org.uk/topics.php?article=71
10/30/2011