Chapter1 AndroidDevelopment Introduction

VictorMatos
ClevelandStateUniversity
Notesarebasedon:
AndroidDevelopers A d id D l http://developer.android.com/index.html & UnlockingAndroid byFrankAbleson,CharlieCollins,andRobi Sen. ISBN9781933988672 ManningPublications,2009.

Chapter1 Goals
THEBIGPICTURE

1. WhatisAndroid? 2. Overviewdevelopmentenvironment

Chapter1 1

Chapter1 Resources
Androidswebpage http://www.android.com/

WhatisAndroid?
Android isanopensourcesoftwareplatform createdbyGoogleandtheOpenHandset t db G l d th O H d t Alliance. Itisprimarilyusedtopowermobilephones. Ithasthecapabilitytomakeinroadsinmany other(nonphone)embeddedapplication markets.
4

Chapter1 2

WhatisAndroid?
Androidconsistsofacompletesetof softwarecomponentsformobiledevices ft t f bil d i including:
anoperatingsystem, middleware,and embedded key mobile applications embeddedkeymobileapplications alargemarket.

WhyAndroid?
Listenfromtheprojectcreators/developers (2.19min)
NickSears.CofounderofAndroid SteveHorowitz.EngineeringDirector St H it E i i Di t DamMorrill.Developer Peisun Wu.EngineeringProjectManager ErickTseng.ProjectManager Iliyan Malchev.Engineer MikeCleron.SoftwareManager PerGustafsson.GraphicsDesigner. etc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rYozIZOgDk&eurl=http://www.android.com/about/&feature=player_embedd ed d

Youwillhearstatementssuchas currentlyitistoodifficulttomakenewproductsopensoftwarebringsmore innovationchoiceslowercostsmoreapplicationssuchasfamilyplanner,my taxes,understandmywifebetter,

6

Chapter1 3

WhatisOpenHandsetAlliance?
Quotingfromwww.OpenHandsetAlliance.com page
OpenHandsetAlliance,agroupof47technology andmobilecompanieshavecometogethertoaccelerate innovationinmobileandofferconsumersaricher,less expensive,andbettermobileexperience. TogetherwehavedevelopedAndroid,thefirst complete,open,andfreemobileplatform. complete open and free mobile platform Wearecommittedtocommerciallydeployhandsetsand servicesusingtheAndroidPlatform.

OpenHandsetAllianceMembers
Operators
ChinaMobile ChinaUnicom KDDICorp. NTTDoCoMo SprintNextel TMobile TelecomItalia Telefnica Vodafone Softbank Ericsson SoftwareCo. AscenderCorp. eBay Esmertec Google LivingImage NMSComm. NuanceComm. PacketVideo SkyPop SONiVOX Borqs

Commercializat.
Aplix Noser Engineering AstonishingTribe WindRiverSystems OmronSoftware Teleca

Semiconductor
Audience BroadcomCorp. IntelCorp. MarvellTech. Group Nvidia Corp. Qualcomm SiRF Tech.Holdings Synaptics TexasInstr. AKMSemicond. AKM Semicond ARM Atheros Comm ... EMP

HandsetManf
ACER ASUS HTC LG Motorola Samsung ASUSTek Garmin Huawei Tech LG Samsung SonyEricsson Toshiba

Chapter1 4

SeeAndroidDevelopers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y4thikvOM

Shortvideo(4min.) ShowingDaveBort Sh i D B t andDanBorstein, twomembersofthe AndroidOpenSource Projecttalkabout theproject.

TheAndroidPlatform
Again,whatdidtheysayaboutAndroid?

Androidisasoftware environmentbuiltformobile devices. Itisnot ahardwareplatform. Androidincludes:

LinuxkernelbasedOS, arichUI, telephonefunctionality, enduserapplications, codelibraries, code libraries, applicationframeworks, multimediasupport,...

UserapplicationsarebuiltforAndroidinJava.
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Chapter1 5

AndroidsContext:MobileMarketPlayer$
Stakeholders: Mobilenetwork operators want tolockdowntheirnetworks, controllingandmeteringtraffic. Device manufacturers wantto differentiatethemselveswith features,reliability,andprice points. Software vendors wantcomplete accesstothehardwaretodeliver cuttingedgeapplications.

Operators

Device Manufacturers

Software Vendors

11

TheMaturingMobileExperience
Electronictoolsofatypicalbusinesswarrior

Notsolongago 1. Phone 2. Pager 3. PDAOrganizer 4. Laptop 5. Portablemusicplayer 5 Portable music player 6. NoInternet access/ limitedaccess
Tomorrow?

Today 1. Smartphone 2. Laptop(perhaps!)

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Chapter1 6

TheMaturingMobileExperience
Iwant my2015Smartphonetoactas
Tryingtoanswer:Tomorrow? Trying to answer Tomorrow ?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Phone Pager PDAOrganizer HighQualityCamera(still&video) Portablemusicplayer Portable TV/VideoPlayer/Radio Laptop PlayStation GPS GolfCaddy(ballretrievertoo) G lf C dd (b ll i ) BookReader(Idontread,Itreadstome) Car/Home/OfficeKey RemoteControl(Garage,TV,) CreditCard/DriversLicense/Passport CashonDemand Cook,housechores Psychologist/Mentor/Adviser ????
13

Androidvs.Competitors

1.AppleInc. 2.Microsoft 3.Nokia 4.Palm 5.ResearchInMotion 5 Research In Motion 6.Symbian

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Chapter1 7

TheSizeof theMobile Market

http://gizmodo.com/5489036 /cellphoneovershare / ll h h [seeappendix]

15

AndroidComponents(Stack)
TheAndroidstackincludesalargearrayof featuresformobileapplications. f t f bil li ti ItwouldbeeasytoconfuseAndroidwitha generalpurposecomputingenvironment. Allofthemajorcomponentsofacomputing platformareincluded. platform are included

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Chapter1 8

AndroidComponents
Applicationframework enablingreuseandreplacementofcomponents Dalvik virtualmachine optimizedformobiledevices Integratedbrowser basedontheopensourceWebKit engine Optimizedgraphics poweredbyacustom2Dgraphicslibrary;3Dgraphics basedontheOpenGLESspecification(hardwareaccelerationoptional) SQLite forstructureddatastorage Mediasupport forcommonaudio,video,andstillimageformats(MPEG4, H.264,MP3,AAC,AMR,JPG,PNG,GIF) GSMTelephony (hardwaredependent) p y( p ) Bluetooth,EDGE,3G,4G,andWiFi (hardwaredependent) Camera,GPS,compass,andaccelerometer (hardwaredependent) Richdevelopmentenvironment includingadeviceemulator,toolsfor debugging,memoryandperformanceprofiling,andaplugin forthe EclipseIDE
17

AndroidComponents

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Chapter1 9

AndroidComponents
Video1/3:AndroidsArchitecture PresentedbyMikeCleron,GoogleCorp.(13min)

Availableat:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBGfUs9mQYY

19

AndroidComponents
Video2/3:ApplicationsLifeCycle PresentedbyMikeCleron,GoogleCorp.(8min)

Availableat:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL6gSd4ugSI&feature=channel

20

Chapter1 10

AndroidComponents
Video3/3:AndroidsAPI PresentedbyMikeCleron,GoogleCorp.(7min)

Availableat:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPukbH6DlY&feature=channel

21

AndroidApplicationFramework
Video: Insidethe Inside the AndroidApplicationFramework
(about52min)

PresentedbyDanMorrill Google
AtGoogleDeveloperConference SanFrancisco 2008 Availableat:

http://sites.google.com/site/io/insidetheandroidapplicationframework htt // it l / it /i /i id th d id li ti f k
Androidisdesignedtobefast,powerful,andeasytodevelopfor.Thissession willdiscusstheAndroidapplicationframeworkindepth,showingyouthe machinerybehindtheapplicationframework. explainsthelifecycleofanandroidapk.verygood!
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Chapter1 11

AndroidComponents
Video: AnIntroductiontoAndroid An Introduction to Android
(about52min)

PresentedbyJasonChen Google AtGoogleDeveloperConference SanFrancisco 2008 Availableat:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1ZZR3p_w8 http://www youtube com/watch?v x1ZZ R3p w8

23

WhyuseLinuxforaphone?
Linuxkernelisaproven coreplatform. Reliability is more important than performance when it ismoreimportantthanperformancewhenit comestoamobilephone,becausevoicecommunicationis theprimaryuseofaphone. Linuxprovidesahardwareabstractionlayer,lettingtheupper levelsremainunchangeddespitechangesintheunderlying hardware. As new accessories appear on the market drivers can be Asnewaccessories appearonthemarket,drivers canbe writtenattheLinuxleveltoprovidesupport,justasonother Linuxplatforms.

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Chapter1 12

Dalvik VirtualMachine
User applications Userapplications,aswellascoreAndroidapplications,are ll core Android applications writteninJavaprogramminglanguageandarecompiledinto bytecodes. Androidbytecodesareinterpretedatruntimebyaprocessor knownastheDalvik virtualmachine.

25

WhyanotherJavaVirtual Machine?
Androidbytecode filesarelogicallyequivalent toJavabytecodes,buttheypermitAndroidto t J b t d b t th it A d id t
runitsapplicationsinitsownvirtualenvironmentthatis freefromSunslicensingrestrictionsand anopenplatformuponwhichGoogle,andpotentiallythe opensourcecommunity,canimproveasnecessary.

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Chapter1 13

Dalvik VirtualMachine
Video(61min) Dalvik VMInternals D l ik VM I t l PresentedbyDanBorstein AtGoogleDeveloper 2008 Sanfrancisco Availableat:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptjedOZEXPM

27

InsideAndroid:Intents
AnimportantandrecurringthemeofAndroid developmentistheIntent. development is the Intent AnIntentinAndroiddescribeswhatyouwanttodo. Thismaylooklike
Iwanttolookupacontactrecord,or Pleaselaunchthiswebsite,or Sh ShowtheOrderConfirmationScreen. h O d C fi i S

Intentsareimportantbecausetheyfacilitate navigationandrepresentthemostimportantaspect ofAndroidcoding.

28

Chapter1 14

Intents&IntentFilters
AnIntent isadeclarationofneed. AnIntent ismadeupofvariouspiecesincluding:
desiredaction orservice, data,and category ofcomponentthatshouldhandletheintentand instructionsonhowtolaunchatargetactivity.

A I t tFilt i t i AnIntentFilter isatrigger,adeclarationofcapabilityand d l ti f bilit d interestinofferingassistancetothoseinneed. AnIntentFilter maybegenericorspecificwithrespectto whichIntentsitofferstoservice.

29

Intents&IntentFilters
Anintent isanabstractdescriptionofanoperationtobe performed. Itsmostsignificantuseisinthelaunchingofactivities,where itcanbethoughtofasthegluebetweenactivities. Theprimarypiecesofinformationinanintentare:
Action Thegeneralactiontobe performed,suchas: ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_EDIT, ACTION_MAIN,etc. Data Thedatatooperateon,suchas apersonrecordinthecontacts database,expressedasaUri.

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Chapter1 15

Intents&IntentFilters
SomeexamplesofIntentsaction/datapairsare:
ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/1 Displayinformationaboutthe personwhoseidentifieris"1". ACTION_DIAL content://contacts/1 Displaythephonedialerwiththe personfilledin. ACTION_VIEW tel:123 Displaythephonedialerwiththegivennumber filledin ACTION_DIAL tel:123 Displaythephonedialerwiththegivennumber filledin. ACTION_EDIT content://contacts/1 Editinformationabouttheperson whoseidentifieris"1". ACTION_VIEW content://contacts/ Displayalistofpeople,whichthe usercanbrowsethrough.
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DissectingIntents
1. Componentname Thenameofthecomponentthatshouldhandletheintent(for example"com.example.project.app.MyActivity1"). Action Astringnamingtheactiontobeperformed or,inthecaseofbroadcast intents,theactionthattookplaceandisbeingreported(forexample:ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_CALL,ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED,). Data TheURIofthedatatobeactedonandtheMIMEtypeofthatdata(forexample tel:/216 555-1234 , "http://maps.google.com,...). Category Astringcontainingadditionalinformationaboutthekindofcomponentthat g y g g p shouldhandletheintent(forexampleCATEGORY_BROWSABLE, CATEGORY_LAUNCHER, ). Extras Keyvaluepairs foradditionalinformationthatshouldbedeliveredtothe componenthandlingtheintent. Flags ofvarioussorts.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Chapter1 16

DeliveringIntents
AnIntentobjectispassedto Context.startActivity() orActivity.startActivityForResult() Context startActivity() or Activity startActivityForResult() tolaunchanactivityorgetanexistingactivitytodosomething new(asynchronous &synchronouslyrespectively). AnIntentobjectispassedtoContext.startService() toinitiatea serviceordelivernewinstructionstoanongoingservice. AnintentcanbepassedtoContext.bindService() toestablisha connectionbetweenthecallingcomponentandatarget service.Itcanoptionallyinitiatetheserviceifit'snotalready running.

33

IntentResolution
Intentscanbedividedintotwogroups: Explicit intents designate the target component by its name Explicitintents designatethetargetcomponentbyitsname, typicallyusedforanactivitystartingasubordinateserviceor launchingasisteractivity. Implicitintents donotnameatarget(thefieldforthe componentnameisblank).Implicitintentsareoftenusedto activatecomponentsinotherapplications.Latebinding applies. applies WheneverpossibleAndroiddeliversanexplicitintenttoan instanceofthedesignatedtargetclass.
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Chapter1 17

ExampleofIntent(1)
FollowingfragmentscallsanIntent whosejobisto invokeabuilt intask(ACTION_VIEW)andexplorethe invoke a builtin task (ACTION VIEW) and explore the Contacts availableinthephone.

Intent myIntent = new Intent( Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("content://contacts/people")); startActivity(myIntent);

35

ExampleofIntent(1)
Intentuses ACTION_VIEW tosee Contacts.

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Chapter1 18

ExampleofIntent(1)
CompletecodetoseeContacts.
packagematos.cis493; importandroid.app.Activity; importandroid.content.Intent; importandroid.net.Uri; importandroid.os.Bundle; publicclassAndDemo1extendsActivity{ /**showcontactlist*/ @Override publicvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); IntentmyIntent =newIntent( Intent.ACTION_VIEW,Uri.parse( "content://contacts/people")); startActivity(myIntent); } }
37

ExampleofIntent(2)
FollowingIntent usesbuiltintask(ACTION_VIEW)to exploreawebpage explore a web page (seenewUrivalue)
Intent myIntent = new Intent( Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://www.google.com")); startActivity(myIntent);

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Chapter1 19

ExampleofIntent(3)
FollowingIntent usesbuiltintask(ACTION_VIEW)to makeaphonecall make a phone call (seenewUrivalue)
Intent myIntent = new Intent( Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("tel:/216 555-1234")); startActivity(myIntent);

39

IntentFilters
TheIntentFilter definestherelationshipbetweenthe Intentandtheapplication. IntentFilters canbespecifictothedataportionof theIntent,theactionportion,orboth. IntentFilters alsocontainafieldknownasacategory. Acategoryhelpsclassifytheaction. Forexample,thecategorynamed CATEGORY_LAUNCHER instructsAndroidthattheActivitycontainingthis IntentFilter shouldbevisibleinthehomescreen.
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Chapter1 20

IntentFilters
WhenanIntent isdispatched,thesystemevaluates theavailableActivities,Services,andregistered BroadcastReceivers androutestheIntenttothemost appropriate recipient(seenextFigure).

41

IntentFilters

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Chapter1 21

IntentFilters
Toinformthesystemwhichimplicit intentstheycan y p y handle,activities,services,andbroadcastreceivers can haveoneormoreintentfilters. Eachfilterdescribesacapabilitythatthecomponentis willingtoreceive. Anexplicit intentisalwaysdeliveredtoitstarget,nomatter whatitcontains;thefilterisnotconsulted. Butanimplicitintentisdeliveredtoacomponentonlyifit canpassthroughoneofthecomponent'sfilters.
43

IntentFilters
IntentFilters areoftendefinedinanapplications pp AndroidManifest.xmlwiththe<intentfilter> tag.
<intentfilter...> <actionandroid:name="codeandroid.intent.action.MAIN"/> <categoryandroid:name="codeandroid.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> <categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/> <dataandroid:type="video/mpeg"android:scheme="http".../> <dataandroid:type="audio/mpeg"android:scheme="http".../> <data android type "audio/mpeg" android scheme "http" /> ... </intentfilter>

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Chapter1 22

AndroidApplications
EachAndroid applicationrunsinitsownLinux process. Anapplicationconsistsofacombinationofsoftware componentsincluding:
Activities Services BroadcastReceivers ContentProviders

45

AndroidApplications
Structureof atypical t i l Android Application

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Chapter1 23

AndroidServices
AService isanapplicationcomponentthatruns inthebackground,notinteractingwiththeuser, in the background not interacting with the user foranindefiniteperiodoftime. Eachserviceclassmusthaveacorresponding <service> declarationinitspackage's AndroidManifest.xml. Services can be started/stopped with Servicescanbestarted/stoppedwith
Context.startService()and Context.bindService(). stopService()andunbindService()
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AndroidServices
Services,likeotherapplicationobjects,runin themainthreadoftheirhostingprocess. th i th d f th i h ti Thismeansthat,ifyourserviceisgoingtodo anyCPUintensive(suchasMP3playback)or blocking(suchasnetworking,RSSexchange) blocking (such as networking RSS exchange) operations,itshouldspawnitsownthreadin whichtodothatwork
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Chapter1 24

AndroidServices
Service1Class package matos.service; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.util.Log; public class Service1 extends Service implements Runnable { private int counter = 0; @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Thread aThread = new Thread(this); aThread.start(); } public void run() { while (true) { try { y Log.i("service1", "service1 firing : # " + counter++); Thread.sleep(10000); //this is where the heavy-duty computing occurs } catch (Exception ee) { Log.e("service1", ee.getMessage()); } } } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } }

49

AndroidServices
//Service1Driver packagematos.service; importandroid.app.Activity; d d importandroid.content.Intent; importandroid.os.Bundle; publicclassService1Driver extendsActivity{ @Override publicvoidonCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //invokingtheservice Intentservice1Intent=newIntent(this,Service1.class); startService(service1Intent); //dosomeworkhere. } }//Service1Driver
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Chapter1 25

AndroidServices
Service1DemoManifest
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf8"?> <manifestxmlns:android http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="matos.service" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <applicationandroid:icon="@drawable/icon"android:label="@string/app_name"> <activityandroid:name=".Service1Driver" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intentfilter> <actionandroid:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <categoryandroid:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent filter> </intentfilter> </activity> <serviceandroid:name="Service1"android:enabled="true"> </service> </application> <usessdk android:minSdkVersion="3"/> </manifest>
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AndroidServices
Debugging LogCat
070102:49:46.097:INFO/ActivityManager(583):Displayedactivitymatos.service /.Service1Driver 070102:49:51.277:DEBUG/dalvikvm(724):GCfreed1575objects/81280bytesin138ms 070102:49:55.831:INFO/service1(767):service1firing:#1 070102:50:05.839:INFO/service1(767):service1firing:#2 070102:50:15.847:INFO/service1(767):service1firing:#3 070102:50:25.857:INFO/service1(767):service1firing:#4 07 01 02:50:25 857: INFO/service1(767): service1 firing : # 4

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Chapter1 26

AndroidBroadcastReceiver
WhatisaBROADCASTRECEIVER? Ifanapplicationwantstoreceiveandrespondtoaglobalevent,suchasthe If an application wants to receive and respond to a global event such as the phoneringingoranincomingtextmessage,itmustregisterasaBroadcastReceiver. AnapplicationregisterstoreceiveIntentsbyannouncinginthe AndroidManfest.xmlfileitsIntentFilters. IfthereceiverisregisteredintheAndroidManifest.xmlfile,itdoesnothaveto berunninginordertobetriggered. Whentheglobaleventoccurs,theapplicationisstartedautomaticallyupon When the global event occurs the application is started automatically upon notificationofthetriggeringevent.Allofthishousekeepingismanagedbythe AndroidOSitself. AnapplicationmayregisteratruntimeviatheContextclasssregisterReceiver method.
53

AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BROADCASTRECEIVERandUI. Like Services BroadcastReceivers do not have a UI LikeServices,BroadcastReceivers donothaveaUI. Ofevenmoreimportance,thecoderunningintheonReceive methodofaBroadcastReceiver shouldmakenoassumptions aboutpersistenceorlongrunningoperations. IftheBroadcastReceiver requiresmorethanatrivialamount ofcodeexecution,itisrecommendedthatthecodeinitiatea requesttoaService tocompletetherequestedfunctionality.

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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BROADCASTRECEIVER
SomeActivity sendBroadcast() BroadcastReceiver onReceive()

BroadcastReceiver onReceive()

BroadcastReceiver onReceive()
55

AndroidBroadcastReceiver
Intentsvs.Broadcasts
StartinganActivitywithanIntentisaforeground operationthatmodifieswhattheuseriscurrently interactingwith. BroadcastinganIntentisabackground operation thattheuserisnotnormallyawareof.

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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
TypeofBroadcasts
Therearetwomajorclassesofbroadcaststhatcanbereceived: Normalbroadcasts (sentwithsendBroadcast)arecompletely asynchronous.Allreceiversofthebroadcastareruninanundefined order,oftenatthesametime.Thisismoreefficient,butmeansthat receiverscannotusetheresultorabortAPIsincludedhere. Orderedbroadcasts (sentwithsendOrderedBroadcast)are deliveredtoonereceiveratatime.Aseachreceiverexecutesin delivered to one receiver at a time As each receiver executes in turn,itcanpropagatearesulttothenextreceiver,oritcan completelyabortthebroadcastsothatitwon'tbepassedtoother receivers.Theorderreceiversrunincanbecontrolledwiththe android:priority attributeofthematchingintentfilter;receivers withthesameprioritywillberuninanarbitraryorder.
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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverLifeCycle
AprocessthatiscurrentlyexecutingaBroadcastReceiver (thatis, currentlyrunningthecodeinitsonReceive(Context,Intent) method)is consideredtobeaforegroundprocessandwillbekeptrunningbythe systemexceptundercasesofextremememorypressure. OnceyoureturnfromonReceive(),theBroadcastReceiver isnolonger active,anditshostingprocessisonlyasimportantasanyotherapplication componentsthatarerunninginit. ThismeansthatforlongerrunningoperationsyouwilloftenuseaService inconjunctionwithaBroadcastReceiver tokeepthecontainingprocess activefortheentiretimeofyouroperation.

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Chapter1 29

AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverExample(1/5).InterceptarrivingSMS
package matos b oadcast ecei e matos.broadcastreceiver; import import import import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; android.content.Context; android.content.Intent; android.content.IntentFilter;

import android.util.Log; import android.app.Activity; po t a d o d app ct ty; import android.os.Bundle; public class MySMSMailBox extends Activity { // intercepts reception of new text-messages

59

AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverExample(2/5).InterceptarrivingSMS
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // define instance of local broadcast receiver MySMSMailBoxReceiver mySmsReceiver = new MySMSMailBoxReceiver(); // receiver's filter will accept event: ...SMS_RECEIVED IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"); // tell Android OS this receiver is ready to go

registerReceiver(mySmsReceiver, filter);
}
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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverExample(3/5).InterceptarrivingSMS
// this is the custom made broadcast receiver. Its onReceive method // is fired when the filter matches the SMS_RECEIVED event public class MySMSMailBoxReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { public static final String tag = "<<< MySMSMailBox >>>"; @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i(tag, "onReceive"); // checking global event signaling arrival of text-message if (intent.getAction().equals( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED")) { Log.i(tag, Log i(tag "Found our SMS Event!"); // you have intercepted the SMS // do something interesting with it. Bye! } }// onReceive } // BroadcastReceiver }
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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverExample(4/5).InterceptarrivingSMS

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AndroidBroadcastReceiver
BroadcastReceiverExample(5/5).InterceptarrivingSMS
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="matos.broadcastreceiver" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".MySMSMailBox" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> / i i </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" /> <receiver android:name="MySMSMailBoxReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> </manifest>

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AndroidContentProvider
Contentproviders store andretrieve dataandmakeit accessibletoallapplications. accessible to all applications. TheyaretheonlywaytosharedataacrossAndroid applications.There'snocommonstorageareathatallAndroid packagescanaccess. Androidshipswithanumberofcontentprovidersfor commondatatypes(audio,video,images,personalcontact information,andsoon).

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AndroidContentProvider
ContentProviders areadatalayerprovidingdataabstraction foritsclientsandcentralizingstorageandretrievalroutinesin asingleplace. AContentProvider mayprovidedatatoanActivityorService inthesameapplicationsspaceaswellasanActivityor Servicecontainedinotherapplications. AContentProvider mayuseanyformofdatastorage mechanismavailableontheAndroidplatform,includingfiles, SQLite databases,orevenamemorybasedhashmapifdata persistenceisnotrequired.
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AndroidContentProvider

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AndroidContentProvider
Thedatamodel Content providers expose their data as a simple table on a Contentprovidersexposetheirdataasasimpletableona databasemodel,whereeachrow isarecordandeachcolumn isdataofaparticulartypeandmeaning. Forexample,informationaboutpeopleandtheirphone numbersmightbeexposedasfollows:

67

AndroidContentProvider
URIs EachcontentproviderexposesapublicURIthatuniquelyidentifiesitsdataset. Acontentproviderthatcontrolsmultipledatasets(multipletables)exposesa separateURIforeachone. AllURIsforprovidersbeginwiththestring"content://". AndroiddefinesCONTENT_URIconstantsforalltheprovidersthatcomewiththe platform.Forexample
android.provider.Contacts.Phones.CONTENT_URI android.provider.Contacts.Photos.CONTENT_URI android.provider.CallLog.Calls.CONTENT_URI p g android.provider.Calendar.CONTENT_URI

TheContentResolver methodtakesanURIasitsfirstargument.It'swhatidentifies whichprovidertheContentResolver shouldtalktoandwhichtableoftheprovider isbeingtargeted.

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AndroidContentProvider
QueryingaContentProvider You need three pieces of information to query a content Youneedthreepiecesofinformationtoqueryacontent provider:
TheURIthatidentifiestheprovider Thenamesofthedatafieldsyouwanttoreceive Thedatatypesforthosefields

Ifyou'requeryingaparticularrecord,youalsoneedtheIDfor thatrecord. that record AqueryreturnsaCursor objectthatcanmovefromrecordto recordandcolumntocolumntoreadthecontentsofeach field.Ithasspecializedmethodsforreadingeachtypeofdata.

69

AndroidContentProvider
Example:PostingaquerytotheContactlist(1/2)
package matos.cis493; import android.app.Activity; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; import android.provider.Contacts.People; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.database.Cursor; public class AndDemo1 extends Activity { /** queries contact list */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // Use the ContentUris method to produce the base URI for the contact with _ID == 23. Uri myPerson1 = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 23); // use the "people" content provider to explore all your contacts

Uri myPerson2 = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people");

// Then query for this specific record using method: managedQuery // args: (Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, // String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)

Cursor cur = managedQuery(myPerson2, null, null, null, null);

// do something with the cursor here } }

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AndroidContentProvider
Example:PostingaquerytotheContactlist(2/2) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" mlns android "http //schemas android com/apk/res/android" package="matos.cis493" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".AndDemo1" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"> </uses-permission> </manifest>

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AndroidManifestxmlFile
Everyapplicationmusthavean AndroidManifest.xmlfile AndroidManifest.xml file (withpreciselythatname)initsroot directory. Themanifestpresentsessential informationabouttheapplicationto theAndroidsystem,informationthe the Android system information the systemmusthavebeforeitcanrunany oftheapplication'scode.

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AndroidManifestxmlFile
Thesearetheonlylegalelements;youcannotaddyourownelementsorattributes.

<action> <activity> <activityalias> <application> <category> <data> <granturipermission> <grant uri permission> <instrumentation> <intentfilter> <manifest> <metadata>

<permission> <permissiongroup> <permissiontree> <provider> <receiver> <service> <usesconfiguration> <uses configuration> <useslibrary> <usespermission> <usessdk>

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Amongotherthings,themanifestdoesthefollowing: ItnamestheJavapackagefortheapplication.Thepackagenameservesasauniqueidentifier fortheapplication. for the application Itdescribesthecomponentsoftheapplication theactivities,services,broadcast receivers, andcontent providers thattheapplicationiscomposedof. Itnamestheclasses thatimplementeachofthecomponentsandpublishestheir capabilities (forexample,whichIntentmessagestheycanhandle).ThesedeclarationslettheAndroid systemknowwhatthecomponentsareandunderwhatconditionstheycanbelaunched. Itdetermineswhichprocesseswillhost application components. Itdeclareswhichpermissions theapplicationmusthaveinordertoaccessprotectedpartsof theAPIandinteractwithotherapplications. It also declares the permissions that others are required to have in order to interact with the Italsodeclaresthepermissionsthatothersarerequiredtohaveinordertointeractwiththe application'scomponents. ItliststheInstrumentation classesthatprovideprofilingandotherinformationasthe applicationisrunning.Thesedeclarationsarepresentinthemanifestonlywhilethe applicationisbeingdevelopedandtested;they'reremovedbeforetheapplicationis published. ItdeclarestheminimumleveloftheAndroidAPIthattheapplicationrequires. Itliststhelibraries thattheapplicationmustbelinkedagainst.
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AndroidManifestxmlFile
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="matos.earthquake" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0.0"> android:versionName="1 0 0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/yellow_circle" android:label="@string/app_name">

<activity android:name=".AndQuake" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".SatelliteMapping"> </activity>

<service android:name="AndQuakeService" android:enabled="true" > </service> <receiver android:name="AndQuakeAlarmReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name = "ALARM_TO_REFRESH_QUAKE_LIST"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-library android:name="com.google.android.maps" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> </manifest>

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Implementingasimplecurrencyconverter: USD Euro Colon(CR)
Note. Naiveimplementationusingtherates
1CostaRicanColon=0.001736U.S.dollars 1Euro=1.39900U.S.dollars

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package matos.currencyconvereter; import import i import import import import import android.app.Activity; android.os.Bundle; d id dl android.view.View; android.view.View.OnClickListener; android.widget.Button; android.widget.EditText; android.widget.Toast;

public class Currency1 extends Activity { // naive currency converter from USD to Euros & Colones

final double EURO2USD = 1.399; final double COLON2USD = 0.001736; // GUI widgets Button btnConvert; Button btnClear; EditText txtUSDollars; EditText txtEuros; EditText txtColones;

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Example.Currencyconverter
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // bind local controls to GUI widgets txtUSDollars = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtUSDollars); txtUSDollars.setHint("Enter US dollars"); txtEuros = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtEuros); txtColones = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtColones); // attach click behavior to buttons btnClear = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnClear); btnClear.setOnClickListener(new btnClear setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { // clear the text boxes @Override public void onClick(View v) { txtColones.setText(""); txtEuros.setText(""); txtUSDollars.setText(""); } }); 79

Example.Currencyconverter
// do the conversion from USD to Euros and Colones btnConvert = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnConvert); btnConvert.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { try { String usdStr = txtUSDollars.getText().toString(); double usd = Double.parseDouble( usdStr ); String euros = String.valueOf( usd / EURO2USD ); String colones = String.valueOf( usd / COLON2USD ); txtEuros.setText(euros); txtColones.setText(colones); } catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), Toast makeText(v getContext() "Invalid data - try again" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } });// setOnClick... }// onCreate }// class 80

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Resource:res/layout/main.xml(1/2)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout LinearLayout android:id="@+id/widget47" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/an droid" > <TextView android:id="@+id/caption1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Currency Converter v0.01" android:textSize="18sp" android:textStyle="bold" > </TextView> <TextView android:id="@+id/greenFiller1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#ff006666" > </TextView> <AbsoluteLayout android:id="@+id/absLayout" d id id "@+id/ b L t" android:layout_width="316px" android:layout_height="308px" android:background="#ff003399" > <TextView android:id="@+id/usdCaption" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="US Dollars" android:layout_x="40px" android:layout_y="15px" > </TextView> <EditText android:id="@+id/txtUSDollars" android:layout_width="150px" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_x="130px" android:layout_y="10px" > </TextView>

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Resource:res/layout/main.xml(2/2)
<EditText android:id @ id/txtEuros android:id="@+id/txtEuros" android:layout_width="150px" android:layout_height="wrap_content android:layout_x="130px" android:layout_y="70px" > </EditText> <TextView android:id="@+id/colonCaption" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Colones(CR)" android:layout_x="40px" android:layout_y="135px" > </TextView> <EditText android:id="@+id/txtColones" android:layout_width="150px" android:layout_height="wrap_content android:layout_x="130px" android:layout_y="130px" > </EditText> <Button android:id="@+id/btnConvert" d id id "@+id/bt C t" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=" Convert " android:layout_x="10px" android:layout_y="190px" > </Button> <Button android:id="@+id/btnClear" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=" Clear " android:layout_x="90px" android:layout_y="190px" d id l t "190 " > </Button> </AbsoluteLayout> </LinearLayout>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="matos.currencyconvereter" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".Currency1" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> d id " d id i t t t LAUNCHER" </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" /> </manifest>

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AdditionalResources
GoogleDeveloperConference SanFrancisco 2009 Webpage:http://code.google.com/events/io/

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