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Lecture 9 Compression Members Combined compression & Bending In Lecture 8, we discussed axially-loaded columns and compression members loaded

ed through the centroid. This is referred to as concentric loading. In reality, columns and compression members are usually loaded off the centroid referred to as eccentric loading, i.e., moments applied. P

Concentric Loading (no moment) M=0

Eccentric Loading (applied moment) M = Pe

Eccentrically loaded columns are most common in corners or in asymmetrical loadings. Equally-loaded beam end reactions about the same axis offset each other while un-equal loads create moments as shown below:
Beam end reaction 32 K 20 K 32 K 20 K 32 K

20 K

Concentrically Loaded Column

Eccentrically Loaded Column

Lecture 9 - Page 1 of 11

The LRFD addresses columns and compression members under combined compression and bending in the following: AISC Spec Chapter H (p. 16.1-38) AISC Part 6

In particular, AISC Spec H1 (p. 16.1-70) dictates the following interaction formulas: a) For
Pr 0 .2 Pc

Pr 8 M rx M ry 1.0 + + Pc 9 M cx M cy
b) For
Pr < 0 .2 Pc

Pr M rx M ry 1.0 + + 2 Pc M cx M cy

where: Pr = Applied axial compressive load, KIPS Pc = Available axial compressive strength of column, KIPS = cPn where c = 0.90 LRFD
P = n where c = 1.67 ASD c

Pn = FcrAg (see Lect. 8)

Mrx = Applied Moment about strong axis, KIP-FT = Pe Mcx = Available moment strength about strong axis, KIP-FT = from AISC Beam Design Moments Chart Mry = Applied Moment about weak axis, KIP-FT = Pe Mcy = Available moment strength about weak axis, KIP-FT = from AISC Spec Chapter F

Lecture 9 - Page 2 of 11

As an alternative to the above equations, AISC Table 6-1 (p. 6-5 thru 6-95) can be used. In particular the interaction formulas from above may be re-written as: a) For
Pr 0 .2 Pc

pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0 b) For


Pr < 0 .2 Pc

See AISC p. 6-4

1 9 pPr + (bxMrx + byMry) < 1.0 2 8


where: bx by p

= Formulas from AISC Table 6-1 page 6-3 = From AISC Table 6-1 p. 6-5 thru 6-95

Example 1 (LRFD) GIVEN: A W14x68 A992 steel corner column for a two-story building has an unbraced height = 12-0 and is subjected to the FACTORED loads applied from beam end reactions as shown in plan view below. REQUIRED: Determine if the column section is adequate under combined compression and bending.

180 K

146 K Lecture 9 - Page 3 of 11

Step 1 Determine total applied factored axial load Pr: Pr = (Beam end reactions) = 180 KIPS + 146 KIPS = 326 KIPS Step 2 Determine W14x68 column axial design strength, cPn: From AISC Column Load Table 4-1 on p. 4-14: At KL = 12-0 Pc = cPn = 700 KIPS Step 3 Determine applied factored moment about strong axis, Mrx: P = 146 KIPS e Beam

146 K

is equivalent to

W14x68 col. d = 14+ L4x4x connection angle

Workable Gages in Angle Legs, in.


Leg: g g1 g2 8 4 3 3 7 4 2 3 6 3 2 2 5 3 2 1 4 2 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

g g1 g2

Lecture 9 - Page 4 of 11

Mrx = Pe where: P = Beam end reaction e = eccentricity = (d) + angle gage = (14) + 2 = 9 From AISC p. 1-46 and above

Since L4x4 angle

9.5" Mrx = (146 KIPS) 12" / ft = 115.6 KIP-FT


Step 4 Determine factored moment about weak axis, Muy: P = 180 KIPS e
180 K

Beam

is equivalent to

Column web tw L4x4x connection angle Mry = Pe where: P = Beam end reaction e = eccentricity = (tw) + angle gage = ()+ 2 = 2 From AISC p. 1-46

2.75" Mry = (180 KIPS) 12" / ft


= 41.2 KIP-FT

Lecture 9 - Page 5 of 11

Step 5 Determine column adequacy using interaction formula: Check


Pr 0 .2 Pc Pr 326 KIPS = Pc 700 KIPS

= 0.47 > 0.20 Then: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0 From AISC p. 6-71 for W14x68 @ KL = 12: bx = 2.19 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 by = 6.42 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 p = 1.43 x 10-3 (KIPS)-1 See Below

Lecture 9 - Page 6 of 11

Lecture 9 - Page 7 of 11

Check: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0


1.43 x 10-3(326 KIPS) + 2.19 x 10-3(115.6 KIP-FT) + 6.42 x 10-3(41.2 KIP-FT) < 1.0

= 0.47 + 0.25 + 0.26 = 0.98 < 1.0 ACCEPTABLE Use W14x68

Lecture 9 - Page 8 of 11

Example 2 (LRFD) GIVEN: A 5-story interior column with non-symmetric loads as shown typically below. Use KL = 14-0. Connection angles are L3x3x. REQUIRED: Design the lightest weight W12 column for the lowest level.

14 K 34 K

18 K 28 K

Typical column loading (4 framed levels) Step 1 Determine TOTAL applied factored axial load Pr: Pr = 4 floors(34 KIPS + 18 KIPS + 14 KIPS + 28 KIPS) = 376 KIPS Step 2 Determine applied factored moment about strong axis, Mrx: Mrx = Peqe Peq = equivalent difference in load along axis = 34 KIPS 18 KIPS = 16 KIPS e = eccentricity = (d) + angle gage = (12) + 1 = 7

7.75" Mrx = 16 KIPS 12" / ft


= 10.3 KIP-FT

Lecture 9 - Page 9 of 11

Step 3 Determine applied factored moment about weak axis, Mry: Mry = Peqe Peq = equivalent difference in load along axis = 28 KIPS 14 KIPS = 14 KIPS e = eccentricity = (tw) + angle gage = () + 1 = 2

2" Mry = 14 KIPS 12" / ft


= 2.3 KIP-FT Step 4 Select Trial W12 column size: Referring to AISC Table 4-1 p. 4-18: @ KL = 14 Try W12x50 cPn = Pc = 443 KIPS > 376 KIPS Step 5 Determine column adequacy using interaction formula: Check
Pr 0 .2 Pc Pr 376 KIPS = Pc 443KIPS

= 0.85 > 0.20 Then: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0

Lecture 9 - Page 10 of 11

From AISC p. 6-81 for W12x50 @ KL = 14: bx = 3.91 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 by = 11.1 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 p = 2.61 x 10-3 (KIPS)-1 Check: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0
2.61 x 10-3(376 KIPS) + 3.91 x 10-3(10.3 KIP-FT) + 11.1 x 10-3(2.3 KIP-FT) < 1.0

= 0.98 + 0.04 + 0.03 = 1.05 > 1.0 Unacceptable cannot use W12x50

(NOTE: A W12x53 column is acceptable since 0.80 < 1.0)

Lecture 9 - Page 11 of 11

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