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ed through the centroid. This is referred to as concentric loading. In reality, columns and compression members are usually loaded off the centroid referred to as eccentric loading, i.e., moments applied. P
Eccentrically loaded columns are most common in corners or in asymmetrical loadings. Equally-loaded beam end reactions about the same axis offset each other while un-equal loads create moments as shown below:
Beam end reaction 32 K 20 K 32 K 20 K 32 K
20 K
Lecture 9 - Page 1 of 11
The LRFD addresses columns and compression members under combined compression and bending in the following: AISC Spec Chapter H (p. 16.1-38) AISC Part 6
In particular, AISC Spec H1 (p. 16.1-70) dictates the following interaction formulas: a) For
Pr 0 .2 Pc
Pr 8 M rx M ry 1.0 + + Pc 9 M cx M cy
b) For
Pr < 0 .2 Pc
Pr M rx M ry 1.0 + + 2 Pc M cx M cy
where: Pr = Applied axial compressive load, KIPS Pc = Available axial compressive strength of column, KIPS = cPn where c = 0.90 LRFD
P = n where c = 1.67 ASD c
Mrx = Applied Moment about strong axis, KIP-FT = Pe Mcx = Available moment strength about strong axis, KIP-FT = from AISC Beam Design Moments Chart Mry = Applied Moment about weak axis, KIP-FT = Pe Mcy = Available moment strength about weak axis, KIP-FT = from AISC Spec Chapter F
Lecture 9 - Page 2 of 11
As an alternative to the above equations, AISC Table 6-1 (p. 6-5 thru 6-95) can be used. In particular the interaction formulas from above may be re-written as: a) For
Pr 0 .2 Pc
= Formulas from AISC Table 6-1 page 6-3 = From AISC Table 6-1 p. 6-5 thru 6-95
Example 1 (LRFD) GIVEN: A W14x68 A992 steel corner column for a two-story building has an unbraced height = 12-0 and is subjected to the FACTORED loads applied from beam end reactions as shown in plan view below. REQUIRED: Determine if the column section is adequate under combined compression and bending.
180 K
Step 1 Determine total applied factored axial load Pr: Pr = (Beam end reactions) = 180 KIPS + 146 KIPS = 326 KIPS Step 2 Determine W14x68 column axial design strength, cPn: From AISC Column Load Table 4-1 on p. 4-14: At KL = 12-0 Pc = cPn = 700 KIPS Step 3 Determine applied factored moment about strong axis, Mrx: P = 146 KIPS e Beam
146 K
is equivalent to
g g1 g2
Lecture 9 - Page 4 of 11
Mrx = Pe where: P = Beam end reaction e = eccentricity = (d) + angle gage = (14) + 2 = 9 From AISC p. 1-46 and above
Beam
is equivalent to
Column web tw L4x4x connection angle Mry = Pe where: P = Beam end reaction e = eccentricity = (tw) + angle gage = ()+ 2 = 2 From AISC p. 1-46
Lecture 9 - Page 5 of 11
= 0.47 > 0.20 Then: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0 From AISC p. 6-71 for W14x68 @ KL = 12: bx = 2.19 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 by = 6.42 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 p = 1.43 x 10-3 (KIPS)-1 See Below
Lecture 9 - Page 6 of 11
Lecture 9 - Page 7 of 11
Lecture 9 - Page 8 of 11
Example 2 (LRFD) GIVEN: A 5-story interior column with non-symmetric loads as shown typically below. Use KL = 14-0. Connection angles are L3x3x. REQUIRED: Design the lightest weight W12 column for the lowest level.
14 K 34 K
18 K 28 K
Typical column loading (4 framed levels) Step 1 Determine TOTAL applied factored axial load Pr: Pr = 4 floors(34 KIPS + 18 KIPS + 14 KIPS + 28 KIPS) = 376 KIPS Step 2 Determine applied factored moment about strong axis, Mrx: Mrx = Peqe Peq = equivalent difference in load along axis = 34 KIPS 18 KIPS = 16 KIPS e = eccentricity = (d) + angle gage = (12) + 1 = 7
Lecture 9 - Page 9 of 11
Step 3 Determine applied factored moment about weak axis, Mry: Mry = Peqe Peq = equivalent difference in load along axis = 28 KIPS 14 KIPS = 14 KIPS e = eccentricity = (tw) + angle gage = () + 1 = 2
Lecture 9 - Page 10 of 11
From AISC p. 6-81 for W12x50 @ KL = 14: bx = 3.91 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 by = 11.1 x 10-3 (KIP-FT)-1 p = 2.61 x 10-3 (KIPS)-1 Check: pPr + bxMrx + byMry < 1.0
2.61 x 10-3(376 KIPS) + 3.91 x 10-3(10.3 KIP-FT) + 11.1 x 10-3(2.3 KIP-FT) < 1.0
= 0.98 + 0.04 + 0.03 = 1.05 > 1.0 Unacceptable cannot use W12x50
Lecture 9 - Page 11 of 11