Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
ANTCI, 2005
All climate scientists agree that: 1) Earths average surface temperature has warmed by 0.7C since 1900, a conclusion based on direct measurements. 2) concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O, and other greenhouse gases have built up over the last 100 years due to human activities. The issue at the heart of the greenhouse debate is not whether rising greenhouse gas levels have contributed to the warming, but rather the magnitude of the amplification of the warming by various feedbacks.
Lefer 3 i. basics
Weather Shorter-term fluctuations Current atmospheric conditions (e.g., temp, press, ws, wdir, rainfall, etc.) Hours, Days, Weeks Specific location for specific time
Climate Longer-Term Changes Broad composite of average (or mean) condition of a region (e.g., temp, rain, snowfall, ice cover, winds) Years (and longer), Typically 30 yr ave. Mean state of a specific region (e.g., continent, ocean, or entire planet)
Lefer 4 i. basics
Lefer 5 i. basics
globalwarmingart.com
Lefer 6 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Lefer 7 i. basics
Lefer 8 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
At Steady-State Input = Output Residence time = Reservoir size / Flux rate in (or out)
Ruddiman, 2008
8.3 Pg C 2011
GLOBE, 2007
Lefer 9 i. basics
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/4/48/Carbon_Dioxide_Residence_Time.png
Lefer 10 i. basics
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/images/4/48/Carbon_Dioxide_Residence_Time.png
Lefer 11 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Lefer 12 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Lefer 13 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Lefer 14 i. basics
Source: NASA
Lefer 15 i. basics
Source: NASA
Lefer 16 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Lefer 17 i. basics
Ruddiman, 2008
Ruddiman, 2008
EPICA (2004)
GlobalWarmingArt.com
Ruddiman, 2008
GlobalWarmingArt
NASA GISS
NASA GISS
NASA GISS
Ruddiman, 2001
Ruddiman, 2008
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/
(<0.07 C)
Ruddiman, 2008
Science, 2010
Period
25 50 100 150
Years /decade
Rate
Lefer 36
Ruddiman, 2008
Ruddiman, 2008
Ruddiman, 2008
Ruddiman, 2008
Science, 2010
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/
IPCC, 2007